• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.657-669
• /
• 2018

최근 복잡한 도심지 개발이 포화상태에 이르러 지하공간 개발에 많은 관심이 집중되고 있으며, 건물의 대형화 및 고층화로 지하공간의 활용도를 높이기 위해 대심도 굴착이 자주 발생하고 있다. 또한, 도심지 기존도로 하부로 지하철, 경전철 등이 건설되고 있어 대형건물 신축을 위한 흙막이 굴착 시 기존 지하구조물과 인접하여 주의를 요하는 사례가 자주 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 모형시험을 통해 흙막이벽체 강성과 터널 이격거리에 따른 흙막이벽체의 거동특성 및 인접한 터널의 거동을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 흙막이벽의 변형은 벽체의 강성이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 버팀대에 작용하는 축력도 벽체의 강성에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 흙막이벽체의 강성이 작은 경우(2 mm) 버팀대 축력이 최대가 되는 지점은 벽체의 0.3H 부근에서 나타났고, 흙막이벽체의 강성이 큰 경우(5 mm)에는 벽체의 0.7H 부근에서 버팀대 축력이 최대로 나타났다. 또한, 터널 내공변위는 흙막이벽체와의 이격거리가 가까울수록, 벽체의 강성이 작을수록 뚜렷하게 발생하였으며 내공변위가 우측하부로 집중되는 경향을 보였다. 지반굴착에 따른 지표침하량은 터널과 흙막이벽체의 이격거리가 가까울수록 지표침하 영향범위가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 터널의 강성이 영향을 미친것으로 판단된다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2017

철도차량의 1차 현가장치는 윤축과 대차를 구속하는 장치로써 각 방향의 강성에 따라 차량의 동특성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 동특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 각 방향 강성을 다르게 요구하는데 일반적인 현가장치의 형상으로는 각 방향의 강성을 다르게 설계하기란 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 코니칼 러버 스프링(Conical rubber spring)을 이용하여 각 방향의 강성을 다르게 설계할 수 있도록 최적화 기법을 적용하여 목표값과 해석값의 RMS(Root Mean Square) 값을 이용하여 최적화를 수행하고 최적형상을 토대로 모델의 취약부의 형상을 보완하여 최종 모델을 제안한다. 실제 모델을 개발하여 정하중 시험을 통해 목표 강성값과 약 7.7%의 편차평균을 나타내 최적화 모델의 신뢰성을 입증하였다. 또한 최종 강성값을 다물체 동역학 모델에 적용하여 안정성과 곡선 주행성능 해석을 수행하였으며 적용모델의 임계속도는 대상 모델의 주행 최고속도인 110km/h 보다 높은 190km/h이며 차륜의 마모지수는 기존대비 34% 감소하여 조향 성능이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.311-325
• /
• 2011

Nowadays, many engineers believe that hybrid structures with reinforced concrete central core walls and perimeter steel frames offer an economical method to develop the strength and stiffness required for seismic design. As a result, a variety of such structures have recently been applied in actual construction. However, the performance-based seismic design of such structures has not been investigated systematically. In the performance-based seismic design, quantifying the seismic damage of complete structures by damage indices is one of the fundamental issues. Four damage states and the final softening index at each state for high-rise hybrid structures are suggested firstly in this paper. Based on nonlinear dynamic analysis, the relation of the maximum inter-story drift, the main structural characteristics, and the final softening index is obtained. At the same time, the relation between the maximum inter-story drift and the maximum roof displacement over the height is also acquired. A double-variable index accounting for maximum deformation and cumulative energy is put forward based on the pushover analysis. Finally, a case study is conducted on a high-rise hybrid structure model tested on shaking table before to verify the suggested quantities of damage indices.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.571-584
• /
• 2022

The residual displacement ratio (RDRs) response spectra have been generally used as an important means to evaluate the post-earthquake repairability, and the ratios of residual to maximum inelastic displacement are considered to be more appropriate for development of the spectra. This methodology, however, assumes that the expected residual displacement can be computed as the product of the RDRs and maximum inelastic displacement, without considering the correlation between these two variables, which inevitably introduces potential systematic error. For providing an adequately accurate estimate of residual displacement, while accounting for the collapse resistance performance prior to the repairability evaluation, a probability-based procedure to estimate the residual displacement demands using the nonlinear static analysis (NSA) is developed for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. To this end, the energy-based equivalent damping ratio used for NSA is revised to obtain the maximum displacement coincident with the nonlinear time history analysis (NTHA) results in the mean sense. Then, the possible systematic error resulted from RDRs spectra methodology is examined based on the NTHA results of SDOF systems. Finally, the statistical relation between the residual displacement and the NSA-based maximum displacement is established. The results indicate that the energy-based equivalent damping ratio will underestimate the damping for short period ranges, and overestimate the damping for longer period ranges. The RDRs spectra methodology generally leads to the results being non-conservative, depending on post-yield stiffness. The proposed approach emphasizes that the repairability evaluation should be based on the premise of no collapse, which matches with the current performance-based seismic assessment procedure.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2004

Genetic algorithm is the theory of grafting the principle of survival of the fittest in genetics on to the computer algorithm and it is used to solve the optimization problems, especially the shape and size optimization of the structure in Architectural problems. In the size optimization problem discrete variables are used, but series variables have to be used in the shape optimization problem because of the incongruenty. The purpose of this study is to obtain the optimum shape of cable domes by using the real coding genetic algorithm. Generally, the structural performance of the cable domes is influenced very sensitively by pre-stress, geometry and length of the mast because of its flexible characteristic. So, it is very important to decide the optimum shape to get maximum stiffness of cable domes. We use the model to verify the usefulness of this algorithm for shape optimization and analyze the roof system of Seoul Olympic Gymnastic Arena as analytical model of a practical structures. It is confirmed lastly that the optimum shape domes have more stiffness than initial shape ones.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.481-485
• /
• 2008

The subframe type rear suspension consisting of a side member and a front/rear cross member is widely used in a medium car and full car. In the small car case, the beam of tubular type without independent suspension system is used to reduce manufacturing cost. In this study, a subframe type rear suspension by hydroforming has been developed. In designing suspension, a driving stability and durability should be considered as an important factor for the performance improvement, respectively. Thus, we focus on increasing the stiffness of suspension and decreasing the maximum stress affecting a durability cycle life. Several optimization design techniques such as shape, size, and topology optimization are implemented to meet these requirements. The shapes of rear suspension obtained from optimization are formed by using hydroforming process. Through commercial software based on the finite element, the superiority of this design method is demonstrated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.617-620
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find the influence of interface and confinement on bond between reinforcing steel and concrete subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The key variables for the experimental program include rib height, rib spacing for reinforcing bars and confinement. From the results obtained in this study, the following main observations can be made for the bond properties. Bond strength increases when confinement increases under monotonic and cyclic loading. Bond stiffness and strength drop remarkably after the maximum bond strength. Both bond stiffness and strength also drop at a constant slip when the number of cyclic loading increase. The bond resistance subjected to cyclic loading decreases significantly for reinforcing bars with low rib height.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2000

The effects of stitching thread on fatigue characteristics of polyurethane foam cored sandwich structures are investigated. Fatigue test and static test, being used in four point bending test, are performed with various diameters and distances of stitching thread. The Results show that the maximum load for bending tests is similar to each other, but after $1O^6$ fatigue cycles, the stiffness degradation of the stitching thread diameter $\emptyset$ 3mm specimen is a much larger than that of the $\emptyset$ 5mm specimen.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.122-133
• /
• 1998

This paper presents the static analysis, the modal analysis and the forced vibration analysis on engine structures to find out the structure-borne noise sources by finite element method. The deformation of engine structures under the maximum combu- stion gas force was calculated through the static analysis, and the resonance possibilities were predicted by the modal analysis which ascertains mode shapes and the corresponding frequencies of engine global and its major noise sources in engine surfaces were investigated with the forced vibration analysis by means of finding the transfer mobilities on engine surfaces due to the piston impact and the velocity levels due to the combustion in consideration of oil film stiffness and damping coefficients. Finally, the direction of engine structure-borne noise reduction can be estabilished by the above-mentioned analysis procedure and the reduction effect of cost on proto-type engine build-up is expected.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2014

This paper presents the effects of the time delay on the stability of the haptic system that includes a virtual wall and a first-order-hold method. The model of a haptic system includes a haptic device model with a mass and a damper, a virtual wall model, a first-order-hold model and a time delay model. In this paper, the time delay is considered as the computational time delay that is assumed to be as much as the sampling time. As the time delay increases, the maximal available stiffness of a virtual wall model is reduced reversely. The relation among the time delay and the maximum available stiffness, the mass and the damper of the haptic device are analyzed using the MATLAB simulation.