• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 유기절연재료 방전 플라즈마연구회
• /
• pp.104-107
• /
• 2003

The ageing cause in many porcelain suspension insulators which occur on transmission and distribution line with dead-end stings is mechanical stress in interface between porcelain and cement materials. It is known that the principal mechanical stress which give electrical failure is the results of the displacement is due to cement growth. We studied an analysing method to find out a deformation of brittle porcelain with a thermal expansion of cement for suspension insulator. These simulation analysis and experimental results show that cement volume growths affect severely to be mechanical failure ageing. These simulation analysis and experimental results show that axial loading affects of Porcelain insulators severely to be mechanical failure ageing.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 1987

점토입자(粘土粒子)가 등방적으로 퇴적된 후 $K_0$-압밀(壓密)이력을 받으면 응력유도이방성(應力誘導異方性)을 지니게 되므로 정규압밀점토(正規壓密粘土)의 현위치거동(現位置擧動)을 조사하려면 $K_0$-압밀(壓密)에 의한 영향을 검토할 필요가 있다. 실내에서 반죽성형하여 얻은 점토공시체(粘土供試體)에 대하여 등방압밀 및 $K_0$-압밀을 실시한 후 비배수삼축압축시험 및 배수삼축압축시험을 실시하여 $K_0$-압밀이력의 영향을 검토하였다. $K_0$-압밀이력은 축차응력거동(軸差應力擧動)에 영향을 크게 미치나 유효주응력비거동(有効主應力比擧動)에는 영향이 작다. 특히 비배수시험의 초기변형단계에서는 축차응력거동(軸差應力擧動)에 영향을 크게 미친다. 따라서, $K_0$-압밀시료의 비배수강도거동은 등방압밀비배수시험으로 추정될 수 없다. 그러나, 최대유효주응력비(最大有效主應力比擧動)파괴기준에 의한 파괴포락선은 압밀이력 및 배수조건에 관계없이 유일한 곡선(曲線)이다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 정적 및 액상화와 같은 동적하중을 받는 흙의 거동해석을 위한 두 개의 활성면을 가진 구성모델을 제안하였다. 이 모델은 두 개의 활성면에 기초하고 있으며, 첫번째면은 회전하는 최대전단면을 나타내며 두 번째면은 고정된 수평면을 나타낸다. 이와 같은 두 개의 활성면을 이용하여 본 모델은 초기의 다른 응력상태하에 있는 시료의 직접단순전단시에 발생하는 주응력회전현상을 모델링할 수 있다. 제안된 모델은 초기의 응력비에 관계없이 평균유효응력이 동일할 경우에 유사한 거동을 보이는 흙의 실내실험결과를 묘사할 수 있다 그리고, 배수시 반복 직접단순전단으로 발생하는 흙의 거동 즉 제하시에 나타나는 체적감소 및 대변형에서 발생하는 체적팽창을 묘사할 수 있다. 비배수시의 흙의 정적 및 동적 거동은 배수거동에서 흙 골격사이에 존재하는 물의 구속력을 고려함으로써 해석하였다. 본 모델의 구성관계식은 응력-물의 상관관계를 동시에 묘사할 수 있는 FLAC을 이용하여 구현하였다. 배수 직접단순전단 시험을 이용한 Fraser River Sand의 실험결과를 이용하여 모델을 먼저 검증하였으며, 동일한 입력변수를 이용한 Fraser River Sand 비배수 거동의 예측치와 실험치를 비교하여 검증하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2024

PURPOSE. The study aims to investigate the influence of the ferrule effect and types of posts on the stress distribution in three morphological types of the maxillary central incisor. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Nine models were created for 3 maxillary central incisor morphology types: "Fat" type - crown 12.5 mm, root 13 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 7.5 mm, "Medium" type - crown 11 mm, root 14 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 6.5 mm, and "Slim" type - crown 9.5 mm, root 15 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 5.5 mm. Each model received an anatomical castable post-and-core or glass-fiber post with resin composite core and three ferrule heights (nonexistent, 1 mm, and 2 mm). Then, a load of 14 N was applied at the cingulum with a 45° slope to the long axis of the tooth. The Maximum Principal Stress and the Minimum Principal Stress were calculated in the root dentin, crown, and core. RESULTS. Higher tensile and compression stress values were observed in root dentin using the metallic post compared to the fiber post, being higher in the slim type maxillary central incisor than in the medium and fat types. Concerning the three anatomical types of maxillary central incisors, the slim type without ferrule height in mm presented the highest tensile stress in the dentin, for both types of metal and fiber posts. CONCLUSION. Post system and tooth morphology were able to modify the biomechanical response of restored endodontically-treated incisors, showing the importance of personalized dental treatment for each case.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.187-197
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various core designs on stress distribution within zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional finite element models, representing mandibular molars, comprising a prepared tooth, cement layer, zirconia core, and veneer porcelain were designed by computer software. The shoulder (1 mm in width) variations in core were incremental increases of 1 mm, 2 mm and 3 mm in proximal and lingual height, and buccal height respectively. To simulate masticatory force, loads of 280 N were applied from three directions (vertical, at a $45^{\circ}$ angle, and horizontal). To simulate maximum bite force, a load of 700 N was applied vertically to the crowns. Maximum principal stress (MPS) was determined for each model, loading condition, and position. RESULTS. In the maximum bite force simulation test, the MPSs on all crowns observed around the shoulder region and loading points. The compressive stresses were located in the shoulder region of the veneer-zirconia interface and at the occlusal region. In the test simulating masticatory force, the MPS was concentrated around the loading points, and the compressive stresses were located at the 3 mm height lingual shoulder region, when the load was applied horizontally. MPS increased in the shoulder region as the shoulder height increased. CONCLUSION. This study suggested that reinforced shoulder play an essential role in the success of the zirconia restoration, and veneer fracture due to occlusal loading can be prevented by proper core design, such as shoulder.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2009

옥천습곡대의 서남부지역에서 분포하는 쥬라기 화강암류의 석영내에 존재하는 아문 미세균열과 유체표유물을 분석하여 이 지역에 작용한 고응력장을 해석하였다. 연구지역에서 나타나는 아문 미세균열의 방향성은 전체적으로 $N30^{\circ}W$의 방향이 가장 우세하며 $N70^{\circ}W$의 방향도 나타난다. 연구지역의 아문 미세균열 생성온도는 $380-550^{\circ}C$ 범위를 보이며, 이들 아문 미세균열은 약 166-200Ma의 기간 동안 형성되었을 것으로 추정된다. 아문 미세균열의 방향성을 통한 고응력장의 작용 방향과 유체포유물에 의한 아문 미세균열의 형성시기를 비교하여 볼 때, 연구지역 내에서 발달하는 화강암질암체는 NNW-SSE와 WNW-ESE 방향의 최대수평주응력인 고응력장이 쥬라기 초기에서 쥬라기 중기 기간 동안 작용하였을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.1404-1414
• /
• 2008

In the mechanistic-empirical trackbed design of railways, the resilient modulus is the key input parameter. This study focused on the resilient modulus prediction model, which is the functions of mean effective principal stress and axial strain, for three types of railroad trackbed materials such as crushed stone, weathered soil, and crushed-rock soil mixture. The model is composed with the maximum Young's modulus and nonlinear values for higher strain in parallel with dynamic shear modulus. The maximum values is modeled by model parameters, $A_E$ and the power of mean effective principal stress, $n_E$. The nonlinear portion is represented by modified hyperbolic model, with the model parameters of reference strain, ${\varepsilon}_r$ and curvature coefficient, a. To assess the performance of the prediction models proposed herein, the elastic response of a test trackbed near PyeongTaek, Korea was evaluated using a 3-D nonlinear elastic computer program (GEOTRACK) and compared with measured elastic vertical displacement during the passages of freight and passenger trains. The material types of sub-ballasts are crushed stone and weathered granite soil, respectively. The calculated vertical displacements within the sub-ballasts are within the order of 0.6mm, and agree well with measured values with the reasonable margin. The prediction models are thus concluded to work properly in the preliminary investigation.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.204-217
• /
• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyze stress distribution of all ceramic posterior fixed partial denture using a three dimensional finite element method. Material and method. A three dimensional finite element model was created to demonstrate all-ceramic posterior fixed partial denture and then this computer model measured the stress distribution of the all ceramic bridges which has a ceramic core materials such as Zirconia, IPS Empress. 2. In-Ceram zirconia, Metal-Ceramic. Also the stress distribution was examined according to loading sites when force was applied to sites such as the central area of second premolar the mesial connector of pontic, the central fossa of pontic, the distal connector of pontic, and the central fossa of second molar. Results. 1. In all the materials of the core in this study, von Mises stress indicated that the stress increased as force was applied to loaded sites, just at those points, on the connector, and the margin in the area adjacent to the connectors. 2. The maximum principal stress was much higher in the lower part of the connectors than in any other region. 3. As the load was applied to the different locations, the research showed a consistent increase of stress in the lower connectors. The maximum value of the von Mises stress was two or three times greater when the load was applied directly to the connectors rather than indirectly through another stressed region. 4. In the case of In-Ceram zirconia, the stress in lower connectors was the highest of all the reference points, the stress showed 75% of all the maximum stress. Ziconia showed 72%, Metal Ceramic 67% and IPS Empress 2 50%. 5. In the case of Ziconia, the stress was well dispersed in each reference point that the stress differences were smaller when compared to In-Cream ziconia.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.75-86
• /
• 1998

조선누축층군의 정선석회암에서 18개의 정향시료를 재취하여 쌍정이 잘 발달한 10개의 시료에 대하여 방해석 c-축의 방향 및 경사, e 쌍정면의 방향 및 경사, 쌍정의 평균 두께 및 갯수, 방해석 입자의 크기 등을 측정하였다. 측정된 자료들은 calcite Strain Gauge(CSG) 프로그램에 입력되어 쌍정의 변형률, 평균 두께, 치밀도 및 고응력장의 상대적 크기 및 방향 등을 계산하였다. 쌍정의 변형률, 평균 두께, 치밀도 미 고응력장의 상대적 크기 및 방향등을 계산하였다.쌍정의 변형률은 0.801%-10.927%,평균 두께는 $0.43{\mu\textrm{m}}~2.03{\mu\textrm{m}}$, 치밀도는 33.5~113.4쌍정/mm의 범위를 보인다. 쌍정의 변형률, 치밀도 및 두께에 의한 변성온도 계산결과 대부분의 시료에서 $70^{\circ}C$ 이하를 보여, 정선 석회암내의 방해석 쌍장들은 2.3Km 보다 낮은 심도에서 생성된 것으로 판단되다. 응력장의 방향은 5개의 시료에서 2방향을 보이는 반면 5개의 시료에는 한 방향을 보이고, 대부분의 시료에서 최대 주응력이 수평이고 최소 주응력이 수직이어서 역단층을 유발하는 응력장과 동일하다. 압축응력은 E-W와 NW-SE의 방향성이 가장 우세하고 N-S와 NE-SW의 방향성도 보인다. 본 연구에서 측정된 고응력장과 연구지역 인근에서 지질구조나 다른 방법에 의하여 규명된 고응력장과 비교할 때 E-W 방향의 고응력장은 고생대 사이루리아기에서 중생대 트라이아스까지 장기간에 걸쳐서 작용한 고응력장을 반영하거나 사이루리아기부터 송림변동이전까지 작용한 고응력장을 나타 낼 두가지의 가능성을 보여준다. NW-SE 방향의 최대 수명 응력은 쥬라기에 발생한 대보조산운동의 기간중의 고응력장을 반영하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제21권11호
• /
• pp.613-620
• /
• 2009

The thermal stresses of a ceramic heat exchanger were analyzed numerically since the ceramic material is good in heat resistance but weak in the thermal stress. The analysis of thermal stress was conducted in the ceramic core with two boundary conditions depending on bolt jointing. The thermal stresses were computed by applying temperature and pressure distributions obtained from the numerical results of conjugate heat transfer to ANSYS WORKRBENCH. When number of bolt joining halls was reduced from $8\times2$ to $4\times2$, the maximum principal stresses decrease by 47.6~50.5% and increase in safety factors by 2.18~2.5 for ultimate tensile strength. Thus, it can be said that bolt joining halls should be minimized in ceramic heat exchanger to be efficient in reducing thermal stress. In addition, the width of particular gas flow passages were revised from 52 mm to 42 mm to reduce maximum thermal stresses since certain passages experienced high thermal stresses. From the revision, safety factors were increased by 13.8~14.1% for the boundary condition of $4\times2$ bolt joining halls. Therefore, it is suggested that thermal stress can be reduced by changing local geometry of a ceramic heat exchanger.