• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2016

In this study, carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) was used as an inhibitor of scale production on the surface of RO membrane. In order to compare the effects of $CO_2$ injection on scale production, four RO modules: 1) without $CO_2$ injection and anti-scalant (RO module #1), 2) with only $CO_2$ injection (RO module #2), 3) with only anti-scalant (RO module #3), 4) with both $CO_2$ injection and anti-scalant (RO module #4), were operated for 60 days under constant flux mode. The trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was observed to decrease significantly in RO modules with $CO_2$ injection as compared with the other RO modules. When the feed water pH was controlled at 5.0 by injecting $CO_2$, the maximum TMP in RO modules #2 and #4 was founded to decrease by 42 and 40%, respectively. Moreover, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the concentrate was 20mg/L lower in RO modules without $CO_2$ injection which is attributed to the scale formation on the surface of the RO membranes. The SEM-EDS analysis further showed a serious fouled RO membrane surface in RO modules #1 and #3.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

A cylindrical constant volume combustion chamber was used to investigate the flow characteristics at spark plug and the combustion characteristics of inhomogeneous charge methane-air mixture under several parameters. The flow characteristics such as mean velocity and turbulence intensity was analyzed by hot wire anemometer. Combustion pressure development measured by piezoelectric pressure transducer was used to investigate the effect of initial charge pressure, excess air ratio and ignition times on combustion pressure and combustion duration. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity had the maximum value at 200 or 300ms and then decreased to beneath 0.05m/s gradually at 3 seconds. Second mixture is accompanied by an increase in the combustion rate, and that the higher the mass which is added in the second stage injection, the faster the burn rate.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

This study shows an optimization procedure for an automatic determination on the gate position to ensure the fill-uniformity within a part cavity by using the injection molding simulation. For an optimization, the maximum pressure-difference within a part cavity induced at the stage of filling is used to evaluate degree of fill-uniformity. In addition, a direct search scheme based on the reduction of design space is developed and applied in the optimization problem. This corresponding proposed methodology was applied in the optimization on the gate location for a CD-tray molding, as a result, showed the improvement of the fill-uniformity within the cavity.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

For gasoline engines, a three-way catalytic converter that has the maximum efficiency at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio is used to clean up the exhaust gas. So a precise air/fuel ratio control is necessary to maximize the catalytic conversion efficiency, For a transient condition, a fred-forward air/fuel ratio control method that estimates the air mass inducted into a cylinder is being used. In this study, a fuel injection map that makes an accurate air/fuel ratio control possible was constructed for the very same transient condition. For the same condition above, intake air model and fuel model were refined so that fuel injection values based on air mass through a throttle valve and intake manifold pressure are equal to the map values.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

An exergy analysis is carried out for the regenerative gas turbine cycle which has a potential of enhanced thermal efficiency and specific power owing to the more possible water injection than that of inlet fogging under the ambient conditions. Using the analysis model in the view of the second law of thermodynamics, the effects of pressure ratio, water injection ratio and ambient temperature are investigated on the performance of the system such as exergetic efficiency, heat recovery ratio of recuperator, exergy destruction or loss ratios, and on the optimal conditions for maximum exergy efficiency. The results of computation for the typical cases show that the regenerative gas turbine system with afterfogging can make a notable enhancement of exergy efficiency.

• 오토저널
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1987

The experimental study, using constant pressure injection system, is carried out to investigate the effect of the geometrical shape changes of the needle valve of the effective flow area, the spray angle and the Sauter's Mean Diameter according to needle valve lift for a pintle-type injection nozzle. The results are as follows: 1) With the increase of the needle valve lift, the effective flow area is increased, the spray angle is at first increased and later decreased, and the Sauter's Mean Diameter is decreased. 2) It is also shown that the spray angle is maximum at the rapidly increased region of the effective flow area.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1619-1625
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• 2011

본 논문의 목적은 3 차원 사출성형 해석을 통하여 컴퓨터 마우스 제작용 이중사출성형 금형의 공정조건을 결정하는 것이다. 적합한 사출성형 공정조건을 선정하기 위하여 사출 시간, 최대 사출압력 및 보압 시간이 사출성형 특성과 제품 품질에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 고찰하였다. 사출성형 해석 결과로부터 제품의 수축과 휨 변형을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적 사출성형 공정조건을 예측하였다. 최종적으로 사출성형 실험을 수행하여 이종재료로 구성된 컴퓨터 마우스 제품을 제작하였다. 이 결과로부터 선정한 사출성형 공정조건을 적용할 경우 적절한 이종 재료로 구성된 컴퓨터 마우스가 제작될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

최근 도심지에서의 대심도, 대규모 굴착공사는 인접구조물의 침하 및 다양한 제약사항으로 인해 흙막이 벽체를 이용한 굴착공사가 일반화되어 있다. 이러한 지반의 굴착은 평형상태를 이루고 있는 굴착 주변지반의 응력상태를 이완시켜 굴착면 주변지반 침하 및 흙막이 벽체의 변형을 유발시킨다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지반보강의 목적으로 무기질계 고성능 지반안정재인 NDS공법을 적용할 경우에 흙막이 벽체 배면에 적용하여 지반의 보강 효과를 규명하였다. 최적 주입압 및 주입량을 산정하기 위하여 주입시험을 수행하였다. 산정된 주입량과 주입압으로 대형토조모형시험을 실시하였으며 무보강/보강에 의한 영향 검토, 보강 시상재하중(50kPa/150kPa)에 의한 벽체 거동도 검토하였다. 흙막이 벽체 배면 그라우팅 시 지반보강 효과를 모형토조실험을 통하여 규명하였다. 주입시험 결과, 적정 주입압은 350kPa, 경제성을 고려한 각 노즐의 한 단계당 적정 주입량은 10L로 판단된다. 모형토조시험 결과, 최대변위는 흙막이 벽체 배면에 그라우팅을 실시한 경우 무보강일 때의 변위보다 약 81% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 보강된 배면에 상재압 50kPa와 150kPa를 작용한 상태에서 단계별 굴착에 따른 흙막이 벽의 거동을 파악한 결과, 벽체 변위는 보강만한 경우에 비해 각각 약 58%와 57% 증가한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2014

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of EGR(exhaust gas recirculation) on engine noise using single cylinder combustion ignition engine. Under constant engine rotary speed of 1200 RPM, 8 mg fuel quantity was injected with 15, 18 and 21% of oxygen ratio and 1400 bar of injection pressure. Using the in-cylinder pressure data acquired by a piezoelectric transducer, the engine performance parameters were calculated. Radiated engine noise measured for 10 seconds was analyzed using spectral characteristics and sound quality metrics such as loudness, sharpness, roughness. From the obtained engine performance parameters and sound quality metrics, effect of oxygen ratio of the premixed air, start of injection timing on frequency characteristic and sound quality metrics were analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted between MPRR(maximum pressure rise rate), RI(ringing intensity) and sound quality metrics. RI was identified as the most important factor having influence on the sound quality metrics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2015

Turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine is one of promising technologies in the automotive industry. However, reduction in turbo-lag under transient operation is one of important challenging points to improve drivability. Engine transient performance was investigated in a 4-cylinder 2.0 L turbo-gasoline direct injection (T-GDI) engine using Inconel and TiAl (Titanium Aluminide alloy) turbine wheel turbochargers. The TiAl turbocharger performed superior transient boost pressure and torque rises under various engine transient operation conditions. These were mainly due to lower turbine rotational inertia of TiAl turbocharger. The Maximum boost pressure and torque build up were founded in 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm, instant load change from 20% to 100% of pedal position.