• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.71-86
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• 1999

본 연구는 국내 11 네일링 현장을 대상으로 경사계와 변형률계의 계측자료를 이용하여 쏘일네일링 벽체의 변위와 네일의 인장력을 고찰하였다. 연구결과 최대수평변위량은 시공과정이 양호한 현장의 경우와 불량한 경우 각각 굴착깊이(H)의 0.2%, 0.3%이하로 나타났으며, 벽체의 최대수평변위 발생위치는 지표면으로부터 굴착심도의 약 5~l5%이내의 벽체상단에서 발생하였다. 최종굴착깊이$(H_f)$와 네일의 길이(L)와의 길이비 R이 0.5이하, 0.5~0.6, 0.6~0.7인 경우 최대수평변위가 각각 굴착깊이(H)의 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%로 나타났다. 그러나 길이비 R이 0.7이상인 경우에는 최대수평변위가 굴착깊이의 약0.3%로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 결과는 굴착깊이가 얕고, 토사층 부분이 많았기 때문으로 판단된다. 최대인장력을 무차원화한 K값은 지표면으로부터 최종굴착깊이$(H_f)$의 $0.6H_f$까지는 0.8이하로 나타났으며, $0.6H_f$에서부터 최종굴착면까지 선형적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 최종굴착완료시 네일의 최대 인장력$(T_{max)$이 네일의 항복인장력$(T_{\sigmay)$에 최대 60%까지 도달하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.226-236
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• 1997

The results obtained by elasto-plastic analysis method about the displacement, deformation and stability on the soft ground excavation using sheet pile were summarized as follows ; 1. In the case of strut 1 step, the maximum wall displacement value in the first and the second excavation was small, but it increase remarkably after the third excavation and when the excavation depth was 8m, the point of maximum wall displacement was shown 0.75H~0.8H. 2. The value of safety factor(Fs) was increased with increasing of the penetration depth of sheet pile, cohesion and internal friction angle of ground. Safety factor was mostly effected by penetration depth of sheet pile and more effected by cohesion than internal friction angle of ground. 3. Since the deformation of sheet pile of this ground from the results of analysis and measurement increased remarkabaly after 6m excavation depth, it was desirable that the point of strut installation was GL-6m. 4. Safe excavation depth on ground by analysis considered penetration depth, cohesion and internal friction was shown at the table 3.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1442-1447
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• 2005

Based on the field measuring data obtained from excavation sections in Inchon International Airport project, the relationships between the horizontal displacement of sheet-pile walls and the deformations of soft ground around the excavation were investigated. The horizontal displacements of walls according to supporting method are largely occurred in order of anchors, anchors with struts, and struts. The depths of maximum horizontal displacement are varied with supporting systems. If the stability number shows lower than ${\pi}$, the maximum horizontal displacement and the velocity of maximum horizontal displacement are respectively developed less than 1% of excavation depth and 1mm/day. When the stability number shows lower than ${\pi}+2$, the maximum horizontal displacement and the velocity are respectively developed less than 2.5% of excavation depth and 2mm/day. Also, when the stability number shows more than ${\pi}+2$, the maximum horizontal displacement and the velocity are rapidly increased.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1991년도 추계학술발표회 논문집 지반공학에서의 컴퓨터 활용 COMPUTER UTILIZATION IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
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• pp.123-132
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• 1991

The GEOKST program was used to solve the tunnel example problem. The package can solve such geotechnical problem as excavation, embankment, foundations, etc., in which the soil can be modeled by various elastoplastic geomaterial models. The main objective was to consider the effects of excavation depth to the face of the tunnel on the stability of the ground and support system. Depended on the strength of the ground materials, the limit excavation depth without any support system could be established by analyzing three-dimensional excavation problem. In this given example problem, the strengths of the ground materials were enough for the stability of the tunnel without any support system up to fairly deep excavation and the maximum tunnel section displacement was stabilized as the excavation proceed. The asymptotic value was approximately the same as that of the plane strain analysis. Thus, assuming the plain strain condition and simulation the actual excavation procedure, the maximum tunnel section displacement was caculated after final step. The maximum calculated displacement occured at the top section of the tunnel geometry and was about 8mm.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.396-403
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• 2009

Numerical analysis has been performed to estimate maximum settlement and maximum horizontal displacement due to tunnel excavation varying ground condition, tunnel depth and diameter, and construction condition (volume loss at excavation face). The maximum surface settlement from the numerical analysis has been compared with the maximum settlement at tunnel crown considering ground condition, tunnel depth and diameter, and construction condition, and it has been also compared with the maximum horizontal displacement. The results from the numerical analysis have been compared with field measurements to confirm the applicability and validity of the results and by this comparison it is believed that the numerical results in this study can be utilized practically in analyzing the ground movements due to tunnel excavation.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.140-154
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• 1996

In this study, displacement, deformation, and stability according to change of cohesion and internal friction angle were investigated through elasto-plastic method, finite-element method, and in-site experiment when excavating soft ground using sheet pile. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The horizontal displacement was 5.5% of the excavation depth by the elasto-plastic method and 3.9% of the excavation depth by the on-site experiment at the final excavation depth(GL-8.Om) on the condition of double stair strut after excavating GL-6.Om. 2. Relationships between cohesion(c) and internal friction angle $({\varphi})$ when safety factor to the penetration depth was 1.2 is shown in the following equations : (a) c= -O.0086$({\varphi})$+ O.3(D=3m) and (b) c=-0.00933$({\varphi})$+0.14(D=4m). 3. The results of elasto-plastic method and the experiment show that possible excavation depth was GL-6.Om after setting single stair strut in a short period in terms of possibility of carrying out on the condition of experimental site on the contrary general reinforcement method, setting double stair strut after excavating GL-4.0m. 4. After setting the strut, distribution of the horizontal displacement had concentrated on the excavation base and possible local failure which the shear strain caused decreased by the strut reinforced. 5. After setting strut, displacement of sheet pile was decreased by half, the limit of stable excavation depth of ground was GL-8.Om, and the maximum horizontal displacement at the GL-8.Om was 1.6% of excavation depth by the elasto-plastic method, 0.7% of excavation depth by the finite-element method.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.229-242
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 터널굴착으로 발생한 지표면에서의 최대 침하 및 수평변위와 총 침하부피량을 추정하기 위하여 서로 상이한 지층에서 다양한 깊이 및 직경, 서로 다른 시공조건(지반손실량)을 가진 터널에 대해 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과로부터 얻어진 지표면에서의 최대 침하량은 터널 굴착부 천단에서의 최대 침하량과 지층별, 터널직경 및 깊이, 시공조건(지반손실량)별로 비교되었으며, 또한 지표면에서의 최대 침하량은 지표면에서의 최대 수평변위량과도 비교하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 터널굴착부에서 발생한 지반손실량($V_L$)과 지표면에서 형성된 총 침하부피량($V_s$)을 지층 및 터널깊이와 직경을 달리하여 상호 비교하였다. 수치해석을 통해 얻어진 결과는 그 적용성과 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 기존 현장계측자료와의 비교가 수행되었으며, 이를 통해 본 연구의 수치해석 결과가 향후 터널굴착으로 발생된 주변 지반의 거동을 파악하고 분석하는 실무자료로서 활용될 수 있다는 것을 파악하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2019

Deep excavations for development of subway systems in metropolitan regions surrounded by adjacent buildings is an important geotechnical problem, especialy in Tabriz city, where is mostly composed of young alluvial soils and weak marly layers. This study analyzes the wall displacement and ground surface settlement due to deep excavation in the Tabriz marls using two dimensional finite element method. The excavation of the station L2-S17 was selected as a case study for the modelling. The excavation is supported by the concrete diaphragm wall and one row of steel struts. The analyses investigate the effects of wall stiffness and excavation width on the excavation-induced deformations. The geotechnical parameters were selected based on the results of field and laboratory tests. The results indicate that the wall deflection and ground surface settlement increase with increasing excavation depth and width. The change in maximum wall deflection and ground settlement with considerable increase in wall stiffness is marginal, however the lower wall stiffness produces the larger wall and ground displacements. The maximum wall deflections induced by the excavation with a width of 8.2 m are 102.3, 69.4 and 44.3 mm, respectively for flexible, medium and stiff walls. The ratio of maximum ground settlement to maximum lateral wall deflection approaches to 1 with increasing wall stiffness. It was found that the wall stiffness affects the settlement influence zone. An increase in the wall stiffness results in a decrease in the settlements, an extension in the settlement influence zones and occurrence of the maximum settlements at a larger distance from the wall. The maximum of settlement for the excavation with a width of 14.7 m occurred at 6.1, 9.1 and 24.2 m away from the wall, respectively, for flexible, medium and stiff walls.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

널말뚝을 이용하여 연약지반을 굴착할 때 굴착단계에 따른 지반의 변위 변형 및 안정성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 수평방향의 변위는 버팀대 설치전에는 굴착면 상부에서 크게 나타났으나, 버팀대 설치 후는 굴착저면의 아래쪽으로 이동되면서 집중되는 현상을 나타냈다. 2. 버팀대 설치후에 널말뚝의 변위는 설치 전보다 1/2정도로 급격히 감소함을 나타냈고, 지반의 안정한 굴착깊이의 한계는 2단 버팀대 설치후는 GL-8.0m정도로 나타났다. 3. 최대전단변형은 굴착깊이에 따라 점차로 증가하였고, 또 굴착저면에서 나타나는 전단변형에 의한 국부적인 파괴가능성은 버팀대로 보강함으로써 감소시킬 수 있었다. 4. GL-7.5m에서 널말뚝의 최대수평변위는 탄소성법에서는 굴착깊이의 0.2%, 유한요소법에서는 0.6%로 나타났으며, 굴착저면부근에서 최대변위를 나타냈다. 5. 해석모델지반에서 근입깊이에 대한 안전성을 확보하기 위해서는 버팀대 1단 설치의 경우는 D/H가 0.89이상, 2단설치의 경우는 D/H가 0.77이상이 될수 있도록 근입깊이를 확보하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 6. 근입깊이에 대한 안전율과 D/H와의 관계에서 버팀대 1단 설치의 경우는 Fs = 0.736(D/H) + 0.54, 버팀대 2단 설치의 경우는 Fs = 0.750(D/H) + 0.62의 관계식을 나타냈다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2015

소단은 굴착 후 지지구조물이 설치되기 전 벽체의 강성과 더불어 가설벽체의 안정성을 좌우하는 역할을 한다. 특히 굴착지반이 느슨하거나 연약한 경우 소단의 역할은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 소단을 이용한 도심지 버팀굴착현장의 계측결과와 수치해석을 사용하여 가설벽체의 최대수평변위에 미치는 소단의 규모(폭과 경사) 및 굴착깊이, 지반물성의 영향을 분석하였다. 계측결과 소단 폭이 짧아질수록 벽체의 수평변위는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 수치해석 결과 소단의 경사가 급해질수록, 소단폭이 짧아질수록 최대수평변위량은 크게 나타나 소단이 벽체의 변위를 억제하는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 굴착심도가 깊어질수록 소단폭과 경사의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 소단 조건에서 지반물성이 높을수록 벽체의 최대수평변위를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다.