• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.797-805
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• 2012

Contribution of immobilized media with bacteria to the odor removal was evaluated in a lab scale bio-filter compared to that with sponge or ceramic media without the immobilized bacteria. Candida tropicalis for volatile organic compounds and ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) for inorganic compounds were used as seeds in lab-scale bio-reactors. Three different type of media in the bio-reactors that immobilized bioreactor (IBR), sponge bioreactor (SBR), and ceramic bioreactor (CBR) were examined, respectively. An empty bed contact time (EBCT) of the bio-filters was fixed as 60 seconds, and the inlet concentration of toluene was changed from 20 ppm to 200 ppm to observe the removal efficiency depending on the concentrations. As a result, the maximum elimination capacities of IBR, SBR, and CBR were 166 $g/m^3/hr$, 138 $g/m^3/hr$, and 138 $g/m^3/hr$, respectively. In addition, toluene as an organic compound and ammonia as an inorganic compound were applied together with different inlet concentrations varied from 80 ppm to 250 ppm of toluene and from 2.5 ppm to 40 ppm of ammonia. The toluene maximum elimination capacities in IBR, SBR, and CBR were 97.4 $g/m^3/hr$, 59.5 $g/m^3/hr$, and 81.9 $g/m^3/hr$, respectively. The ammonia maximum elimination capacities were reached as 7.2 $g/m^3/hr$ in IBR, 6.6 $g/m^3/hr$ in SBR, and 7.0 $g/m^3/hr$ in CBR.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1207-1213
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• 2005

In a search for bacteria capable of degrading styrene better than previously isolated strains, bacterium IS-3 was isolated from activated sludge and found to be most closely related to Pseudomonas sp. Styrene degradation by this strain was tested in liquid cultures and polyurethane-packed biofilters. In liquid cultures, the rate of styrene degradation by this bacterium increased from 24.93 to $76.53\;{\mu}mol\;g^{-1}\;DCW\;H^{-1}$ for an initial mass range from 8.7 to $34.8{\mu}mol$. The maximum styrene elimination capacity was 580-635 $g/m^{3}\cdot$h at a space velocity (SV) of 50-200/h. The critical elimination capacities guaranteeing $95\%$ removal of the input styrene were determined to be 635, 170, and 38 $g/m^{3}\cdot$h, respectively, at SVs of 50, 100, and 200/h. Kinetic analysis revealed that the maximum styrene elimination velocity ($V_{m}$) for this biofilter was 1,000 g/m$\cdot$h, and the saturation constant ($K_{m}$) was 454 ppmv. Together, these results suggest that a polyurethane biofilter containing Pseudomonas sp. IS-3 could have potential practical applications for the effective removal of styrene gas.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.568-574
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• 2013

퇴비공장 또는 공공시설에서 발생되는 악취폐가스의 대표적인 제거대상 오염원인 황화수소와 암모니아를 포함한 악취폐가스를 처리하기 위하여 여러 운전 조건 하에서의 Thiobacillus sp. IW 및 반송슬러지를 고정한 담체를 충전한 semi-pilot 바이오필터 시스템을 운전하였다. Semi-pilot 바이오필터 운전 초반 및 중반에서는 황화수소 제거효율은 암모니아 부하와 무관하였으나, 암모니아 제거효율은 황화수소 부하가 커짐에 따라서 감소하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 semi-pilot 바이오필터 운전 후반에서는 황화수소 부하가 커짐에도 불구하고 암모니아 제거효율이 영향을 받지 않았다. 이것은 semi-pilot 바이오필터 운전 후반의 buffer solution의 지속적 투입으로 인하여 semi-pilot 바이오필터담체의 산성화가 크지 않음에 기인한다고 간주된다. Semi-pilot 바이오필터시스템으로 황화수소와 암모니아의 동시제거를 할 때에 황화수소와 암모니아의 최대 elimination capacity 값은 각각 약 58 및 $30g/m^3/h$이었다. 이와 같이 semi-pilot 바이오필터 운전에 의하여 황화수소와 암모니아를 동시 제거한 경우에는 실험실규모 바이오필터의 유사한 운전조건 하에서 둘 중의 하나만을 함유한 경우보다 제거용량이 각각 약 39와 46% 만큼 감소하여서, 황화수소와 암모니아를 동시 제거한 경우에 암모니아 최대제거용량이 황화수소 최대제거용량보다 7% 만큼 더 감소하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2003

The benzene removal characteritics of the polyurethane (PU) biofilter immobilized with S. maltophilia T3-c, that could efficiently degrade benzene, was investigated. Maximum capacity to eliminate benzene was maintained at $100-110g{\cdot}m^-3{\cdot}h^-1$ when space velocity (SV) ranged from 100 to $300 h^-1$ -1/, however, it decreased sharply to $55 g{\cdot}m^-3{\cdot}h^-1^$ as SV increased to $400 h^-1$. The critical elimination capacities that guaranteed $90\%$ removal of inlet loading of the PU biofilter were determined to be 70,30, and $15 g{\cdot}m^-3{\cdot}h^-1$ at SV 100,200, and $300 h^-1$, respectively. Based on the result of a kinetic analysis of the PU biofilter, maximum benzene elimination velocity ($V_m$) was $125 g{\cdot}m^-3^\;of\;PU{\cdot}h^-1$ and saturation constant ($K_m$) was $0.22 g{\cdot}m^-3^$ of benzene ($65{\mu}{\cdot}I^-1$). This study suggests that the biofilter utilizing S. maltophilia T3-c and polyurethane is a very promising technology for effectively degrading benzene.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2014

퇴비공장 또는 공공시설에서 발생되는 악취폐가스의 대표적인 제거대상 오염원인 황화수소와 암모니아를 포함한 악취폐가스를 처리하기 위하여 여러 운전 조건 하에서 바이오필터와 광촉매반응기로 구성된 semi-pilot 하이브리드시스템을 운전하였다. 황화수소 및 암모니아를 동시 처리하는 바이오필터시스템에서는 황화수소의 처리성능과 다르게 암모니아의 처리성능은 암모니아만을 처리하는 바이오필터시스템보다 훨씬 떨어졌다. Semi-pilot 하이브리드시스템의 황화수소와 암모니아에 대한 제거효율은 각각 약 83% 및 약 65% 정도이었다. 따라서 semi-pilot 바이오필터시스템의 경우보다 황화수소 및 암모니아에 대한 제거효율은 각각 4 및 30% 정도 증가하였다. 또한 황화수소와 암모니아의 동시제거를 할 때에 황화수소와 암모니아의 최대 제거용량은 각각 약 60 및 $37g/m^3/h$이었다. 따라서 semi-pilot 바이오필터시스템의 경우보다 황화수소 및 암모니아에 대한 최대 제거용량은 각각 약 9.1%와 약 23.3% 증가하였다. 그러므로 본 semi-pilot 하이브리드시스템은 semi-pilot 바이오필터시스템을 기준으로 황화수소보다 암모니아의 제거율과 최대 제거용량 제고에 더욱 기여하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2007

The heavy metal removal capacity of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. cultured together with wet-mixed solidified soil (loess) was tested. A Cladophora sp. was cultured for 5d, with added Chu No. 10 medium, in stream water contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals from a closed mine effluent. Heavy metal ion concentrations of the medium and in algal tissue were measured every day during the experiment. Dissolved metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in medium were rapidly removed (over 90% elimination) within 1-2d when alga and loess were added. Dissolved heavy metals dropped by only 10% when algae were cultured without loess. The Cladophora sp. accumulated much more heavy metals when cultured with loess than when the alga was cultured alone. Cladophora sp. exhibited a maximum uptake capacity for Al ($17,000{\mu}g^{-1}$ algal dry weight). The metal bioremoval capacities of the algae were in the order Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd. The heavy metal removal capacity of Cladophora sp. showed significant increases when wet-mixed solidified soil was added to culture media.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2006

An experimental study on the removal of VOCs gas using a biomembrane reactor were carried out at various inlet gas concentration, specific loading rate, retention time and gas flow rate of volume. The variations of efficiency and various parameters, which are relevant to gas removal, with mixing of soluble gas and without have been discussed. More than 95% of the toluene and methanol present in the feed was successfully removed in each study. The elimination of methanol with mixture of soluble compound of about 300 mg/h corresponds to a portion of 21% if there is a feed stream of 1400 mg/h. On the contrary the maximum efficiency of about 72% of toluene was reached. This is to be rated as a treatment of sorption that the limiting factor of the dismantling speed could be represented by this difficult degradable component. Nevertheless the elimination capacities for this reactor for toluene were on a very high level. For substances which show a very high solubility in silicon rubber an advantage of a bio membrane is clearly shown. Therefore a similarly good result is expected for n-hexane, because of its relatively good permeability which was distinguished during permeation experiments.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2002

Removal of malodorous gases from swine manure by a polyurethane biofilter inoculated with heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria was investigated. Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other gases could be efficiently treated at 3~3.6 second of empty bed retention time by the polyurethane biofilter. In the range of SV $200~l,200h^{-1}$ , the average removal efficiency of odor was about 89% when the odor unit of inlet gas was below 4100. Odor elimination capacity of the polyurethane biofilter was$ 1.8$\times$10^{5}$ $~5.0$\times$10^{7}$OUㆍm$^{-3}$ㆍ$h^{-1}$ that were 84~90% of the inlet load. The critical loads of $NH_3$ and $H_2$S, which mean 97% removal with respect to the inlet loads, were 31 and $27 g.m^{-3}$ ㆍ$h^{-1}$ , respectively. The maximum elimination capacities of $NH_3$ and $H_2$S were 56 and $157 gㆍm^{-3}$ ㆍh$^{-1}$ , respectively. Although the removability for$ NH_3$ and $H_2$S was not influenced by $H_2$S$NH_3$ ratio (ppmv/ppmv), the $H_2$S removability was inhibited by high $H_2$S concentration more than 80 ppmv.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2014

The photocatalytic decomposition characteristics of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and n-pentane mixed with ethyl acetate (EA) by cylindrical UV reactor installed with $TiO_2$-coated perforated plane were studied. The effects of the residence time, the inlet gas concentration, and the oxygen concentration were investigated. The removal efficiency of n-pentane was increased with increasing the residence time and the oxygen concentration, but decreased with increasing the inlet concentration of n-pentane. The photocatalytic decomposition rates of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with MEK, and n-pentane mixed with EA fitted well on Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics equation. The maximum elimination capacities of single n-pentane, n-pentane mixed with MEK, and n-pentane mixed with EA were obtained to be $465g/m^3{\cdot}day$, $217g/m^3{\cdot}day$, and $320g/m^3{\cdot}day$, respectively. The presence of coexisting MEK and EA vapor had a negative effect on the photocatalytic decomposition of n-pentane and the negative effect of MEK was higher than that of EA.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플라스틱과 Woodchip을 주원료로 하여 복합플라스틱계 담체를 개발하고 성능평가를 실시하였다. 개발담체는 기존상용화 담체에 비하여 처리효율 및 미생물 부착성 등은 유사하였으나, 경제적인 측면에서 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 담체의 성능평가는 Lab scale의 바이오트리클링필터에 개발담체를 충진하여 톨루엔과 황화수소를 대상으로 제거효율 및 운전인자 등을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 톨루엔 제거효율은 가스유입량 $1.5\;m^3/hr$, 유입농도 260ppm, 공탑체류시간 42s 운전조건에서 90% 이상으로 높게 나타내었으며, 톨루엔 최대제거능은 $77\;g/m^3{\cdot}hr$이었다. 황화수소와 톨루엔 동시제거 실험에서는 $H_2S$와 톨루엔이 효과적으로 제거되었다. $H_2S$의 최대제거능은 $100\;g-S/m^3{\cdot}hr$이었으며, $H_2S$ 농도가 100 ppm까지는 톨루엔제거에 영향을 주지 않았으나 $H_2S$ 농도가 증가함에 따라 톨루엔 제거효율은 감소되었다.