• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2019

A stable desalination method of the hardness substance such as $Ca^{2+}$ by controlling the total charge (TC) supplied to the membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) cell was studied. The adsorption (1.5 V) and desorption (0.0 V) were repeated 30 times while varying the TC in the adsorption process. The concentration and pH of effluent, adsorption and desorption amounts, current densities and cell potentials were analyzed in the desalination process. The maximum allowable charge (MAC) of the carbon electrode used in MCDI cell was measured to be 46 C/g. As a result of operation at TC (40 C/g) below the MAC value, electrode reactions did not occur, resulted in the stable desalination characteristics for a long-term operation. When operating at TCs (50, 60 C/g) above the MAC value, however, the concentration and pH of effluent varied greatly. Also, the scale was formed on the electrode surface due to electrode reactions, and the electric resistance of the cell gradually increased. It was thus concluded that it is possible to remove stably the hardness substance without any electrode reactions by controlling the charge supplied to MCDI cell during the adsorption process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.639-645
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• 2013

The aim of the study is to investigate the method to estimate a storage life of propelling charge on the decrease of muzzle velocity by stochastic gamma process model. It is required to establish criterion for state failure to estimate the storage life and it is defined in this paper as a muzzle velocity difference between reference value and maximum allowable standard deviation multiplied by 6. The relationship between storage time and muzzle velocity is investigated by nonlinear regression analysis. The stochastic gamma process model is used to estimated the state distribution and the life distribution for storage time for 155mm propelling charge KM4A2 because the regression analysis is a deterministic method and it can't describe the distribution of life for storage time.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.821-831
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• 1998

The actual ground vibrations due to NATM and foundation blasting at Seoul(weathered rock), Pusan(weathered rock) and Youngkwang(quartz andesite) have been measured, and the data were analyzed using reliability index($\beta$) to determinate the vibration equations and the maximum charge weight for efficient blast. These were suggested with the division of ultimate limit state($\beta$=0), serviceability limit state($\beta$=1.28) and safety state($\beta$=3), respectively. The reliability index 0 mean 50% data line obtained by the least squares best-fit line. The reliability index 1.28 and 3 represent bounds below 90% and 99.9% of the data, respectively. In this study, reliability index $\beta$=1.28 with security and economy was suggested. The maximum charge weight equations for efficient blast were obtained in W=(Vc/384.90)1.5151.D3(Seoul), W=(Vc/579.82)1.4706.D3(Pusan). W=(Vc/1654.01)1.3456.D3(Youngkwang), and the blast vibration equatiions in V=385(SD)-1.98(Seoul), V=580(SD)-2.04(Pusan), V=1654(SD)-2.23(Youngkwang), respectively. From this study, inference and analysis methods of vibration equations using reliability theory were established.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2009

In the process of identifying the earth's crust structures to accurately locate the seismic epicenter, man-made earthquakes need to be generated. Such a large-scale ground vibration can be generated by a deep borehole blasting, but it can also accompany some environmental impacts on the surroundings. In this respect, a borehole test blasting was carried out to determine the maximum charge weight that could be used without affecting the various structures around the blast site. Total 400kg of gelatine-type dynamites was used in the test blast. As a result, a prediction equation for ground vibrations was derived from the measured data. With the allowable level of 3.0 mm/s for residential structures, the maximum charge weight was determined to be 677kg if military structures near the site were considered. But if the military structures were not considered, it was found that up to 2100kg of explosives could be used without affecting old houses in the nearby village.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2000

The blasting work to construct a subway in seoul, korea have often cased increased neighbor＇s complaints because of ground vibration. In order to prevent the demage to the stucture it was necessary to predict the level of blasting induced vibration and to determine the maximum charge weigh per delay with an allowable vibration level. The effect of blasting pattem, rock strength and different explosive on the blast-induced ground vibration was studied to determine the maximum charage weight per delay within a given vibration level. The blasting vibration equation from over 100 test data was obtained, V= K(D/W(equation omitted), where the values for n and K are estimated to be 1.7 to 1.5 and 48 to 138 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.69-75
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• 2013

To increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic, almost photovoltaic appliances are controlled by Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT). Existing most of the PV MPPT techniques have used power which multiplies sensed output current and voltage of the solar cell. However, these algorithms are unnecessarily complicated and too expensive for small and compact system. The other hand, the proposed MPPT technique is only one sensing of the MPPT converter's output current, so there is no need to insert another sensors of battery side. Therefore, this algorithm is simpler compared to the traditional approach and is suitable for low power solar system. Further, the novel proper charge/discharge algorithm for the battery with PV MPPT is developed. In this algorithm, there is CC battery charge mode and load discharge mode of the PV cell & battery dual. Also we design current control to regulate allowable current during the battery charging. The proposed algorithm will be applicable to battery included solar cell applications like solar lantern and solar remote control car. Finally, the proposed method has been verified with computer simulation.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2003

Test blasting has been performed with V-cut to investigate the characteristics. Blasting vibrations were measured at two directions, the proceed direction and side direction. Propagation characteristics were determined by regression analysis; square root scaled distance and cube root scaled distance with maximum charge per delay of the blast. Testing result, The cross point was 62m in the allowable vibration velocity of 3mm/sec and 46m In 5mm/sec. Also, vibration level with measuring point was highest and decayed fastest, adapting to cube root scaled distance, for the proceed direction on ground.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.466-473
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• 2021

Fire protection is one of important issues to ensure safety and reduce risks of nuclear power plants (NPPs). While robust programs to shut down commercial reactors in any fires have been successfully maintained, the concept and associated regulatory requirements are constantly changing or strengthening by lessons learned from operating experiences and information all over the world. As part of this context, it is necessary not only to establish specific fire hazard assessment methods reflecting the characteristics of research reactors and educational reactors but also to make decisions based on advancement encompassing numerical analyses and experiments. The objectives of this study are to address fire simulation in the control room of an educational reactor and to discuss integrity of digital console in charge of main operation as well as analysis results through comparison. Three electrical fire scenarios were postulated and twenty-four thermal analyses were carried out taking into account two turbulence models, two cable materials and two ventilation conditions. Twelve supplementary thermal analyses and six subsequent structural analyses were also conducted for further examination on the temperature and heat flux of cable and von Mises stress of digital console, respectively. As consequences, effects of each parameter were quantified in detail and future applicability was briefly discussed. On the whole, higher profiles were obtained when Deardorff turbulence model was employed or polyvinyl chloride material and larger ventilation condition were considered. All the maximum values considered in this study met the allowable criteria so that safety action seems available by sustained integrity of the cable linked to digital console within operators' reaction time of 300 s.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1990

The blasting to construct subways in Seoul, Korea. have often increased complaints of ground vibration. In order to prevent the damage to structures, it was necessary to predict the level of blasting induced vibration and to determine the maximum charge weight per delay within a allowable vibration level. A total of 109 blasts were recorded at ten sites. Blast-to-structure distances ranged from 8 to 84.2 meter, where charge weight varied from 0,1125 to 7.85 kg per delay. The data from blast were studied to determine the effect of explosives type on the vibration constants(k). Vibration constants were also analyzed in terms of compressive strength of rock and blasting patterns.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

Tunnel blasting has been performed with V-cut to investigate the characteristics. Blasting vibrations were measured at two directions, the proceed direction and side direction. Propagation characteristics were determined by regression analysis; square root scaled distance and cube root scaled distance with maximum charge per delay of the blast. Testing result, The cross point was 62m in the allowable vibration velocity of 3mm/sec and 46m in 5mm/sec. Also, vibration level with measuring point was highest and decayed fastest, adapting to cube root scaled distance, for the proceed direction on ground.