• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1971

The author measured the maximum interincisal distance by means of the sliding caliper. The subjects measured here were 149 healthy Korean males and 229 females, ranging from 15 to 49 years old, with normal occlusion. The results were as follows; 1. The mean value of maximum interincisal distance was $50.03{\pm}0.22mm$. in male and $45.18{\pm}0.14mm$. in female. 2. There was a significant difference in the mean value between male female. 3. The interincisal distances in maximum opening were slightly larger in male than female. 4. There was no significant difference in the mean value between the age groups in Korean adults. But it has been revealed that there was apparent difference in the mean value between 15~19 years and 20~29 years old, in female. 5. It has been appeared that maximum interincisal distance in male was 69mm, minimum 37mm., and maximum interincisal distance in female was 58mm. minimum. 30mm.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.768-788
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• 2021

The reversible data hiding technique safely transmits secret data to the recipient from malicious attacks by third parties. In addition, this technique can completely restore the image used as a transmission medium for secret data. The reversible data hiding schemes have been proposed in various forms, and recently, the reversible data hiding schemes based on interpolation are actively researching. The reversible data hiding scheme based on the interpolation method expands the original image into the cover image and embed secret data. However, the existing interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes did not embed secret data during the interpolation process. To improve this problem, this paper proposes embedding the first secret data during the image interpolation process and embedding the second secret data into the interpolated cover image. In the embedding process, the original image is divided into blocks without duplicates, and the maximum and minimum values are determined within each block. Three way searching based on the maximum value and two way searching based on the minimum value are performed. And, image interpolation is performed while embedding the first secret data using the PVD scheme. A stego image is created by embedding the second secret data using the maximum difference value and log function in the interpolated cover image. As a result, the proposed scheme embeds secret data twice. In particular, it is possible to embed secret data even during the interpolation process of an image that did not previously embed secret data. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can transmit more secret data to the receiver while maintaining the image quality similar to other interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.327-340
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the height of jump, angle of the ankle and knee, the angular velocity of the ankle and knee between two types of ballet shoes during a jump in the 1st position. The subjects were 5 female ballet majors of university in Busan the majors who have been dancing ballet for six years on the average. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The height of jump had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes, and then the average of the height of jump with point shoes group ($20.24{\pm}4.62\;cm$) was a little higher than ballet shoes group ($17.50{\pm}4.05\;cm$). 2. The angle of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of ankle joint was represented to $54.36_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left ankle angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $155.43_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 3. The angle of the knee had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angle of knee joint was represented to $99.54_{\circ}$ at the E1 of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes and the maximum value was showed $174.25_{\circ}$ at the E3 of the right knee angle of the point shoes. 4. The ankle velocity of the ankle had no significant difference for all events between two types of ballet shoes. The minimum angular velocity of the ankle was represented to 4.35 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 597.81 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the right ankle angle of the point shoes. 5. The angular velocity of the knee had significant difference between two types of ballet shoes at the event 1(p<.05). The minimum angular velocity of the hee was represented to -1.68 deg/s at the maximum height(E3) of the point shoes and the maximum value was showed 360.25 deg/s at the take-off(E2) of the left knee angle of the ballet shoes. The other events had no significant difference between two types of ballet shoes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.46-52
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• 1999

Large valves for steam turbines of fossil power plants are exposed to a severe mechanical and thermal loading resulting from steam with high pressure and high temperature. Valve casings are designed to withstand such a loading. During the operation of a plant, temperatures at inner and outer surface of the casings are measured and steam flow is controlled so that the measured difference is lower than the maximum allowable value determined in the design stage. In this paper, a method is presented to calculate the maximum allowable temperature difference at the inner and outer surface of valve casings for steam turbines of fossil power plants. The finite element method is used to analyze distribution of temperature and stresses of a casing under the operating condition. Low cycle fatigue and creep rupture are taken into consideration to determine the maximum allowable temperature difference. The method can be usefully applied in the design stage of the large valves for the steam turbines, contributing to safe and reliable operation of the fossil power plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1983

Varietal difference of crop stand, growth of each organs and the factors of dry matter Production at different growth stage of three local tobacco varieties (Hyangcho, Youngwolyub and Yonginyub) were investigated in 1979 and 1980. Varietal variation of total standing crops was clear from 45th day after transplanting to end maximum value of photosyntheticinon-photosynthetic organs was Hyangcho: 1.9, Youngwolyub; 1.6, Yonginyub; 2.3. Maximum value of L/S and T/R ratio was clear from 35th day after transplanting to 45th day. RGR, NAR and CGR were in decreasing order of Yonginyub) Youngwolyub)Hyangcho through out growth stage, LAR and SLA were in decreasing from early growth stage to last growth stage, LAI was obtained to maximum value in the large growth state and LAI was increasing order of during the total growth period that it was Hyangcho is 7.6. Youngwolyub is 9.1 and Yonginyub is 8.7, SLA was Hyangcho;$2.088\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf, Youngwclyub;$2.173\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf and Yonginyub;$2.020\textrm{cm}^2$/g/leaf, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1992

Silages were prepared with different ratios of oat and wheat straw 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 with or without urea supplementation and were ensiled for 60 days in air tight polyethylene bags and kept at room temperature. Results showed that dry matter loss was maximum in 100% oat silage and it decreased as the ratio of wheat straw increased. There was a significant difference in crude protein value of the silages prepared by different ratios of oat and wheat straw. Addition of urea significantly increased the crude protein and decreased the crude fibre value. Silage made with urea supplementation were well fermented as indicated by higher value of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lower value of residual carbohydrates. Maximum VFA concentrations were observed in 60:40 oat-wheat straw silages. The value of enzyme soluble organic matter (ESOM) was high in all the urea supplemented silages as compared to without urea and maximum value was found in 60:40 oat-wheat straw combination.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2001

There are three designs of thread form in screw type implants: V-thread, Reverse buttress thread and Square thread. The purpose of this study was to find out how thread form designs have an influence on the equivalent stress, equivalent strain, maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain and which design of thread form generates more maximum equivalent stress and strain. 3-D finite element analysis was used to evaluate the stress and strain patterns of three tread types. The results of this study were as follow. 1. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 2. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and smallest in square thread. 3. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum shear stress is smallest in square thread and there is no significant difference between that of V thread and reverse buttress thread. 4. Under the 200N of axial load, the value of maximum equivalent strain is largest in V thread and there is no significant difference between that of square thread and reverse buttress thread. 5. Above results show that the square thread has special advantages in stress and strain compared with other thread types, especially in shear stess which is most determinant to implant-bone interface. Considering the superior biomechanical properties of square form implant, we presume that square form implant has better clinical results than the other types of implants in the same clinical conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1557-1564
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a maximum entropy-based emotion recognition model using the individual average difference of emotional signal, because an emotional signal pattern depends on each individual. In order to accurately recognize a user's emotion, the proposed model utilizes the difference between the average of the input emotional signals and the average of each emotional state's signals(such as positive emotional signals and negative emotional signals), rather than only the given input signal. With the aim of easily constructing the emotion recognition model without the professional knowledge of the emotion recognition, it utilizes a maximum entropy model, one of the best-performed and well-known machine learning techniques. Considering that it is difficult to obtain enough training data based on the numerical value of emotional signal for machine learning, the proposed model substitutes two simple symbols such as +(positive number)/-(negative number) for every average difference value, and calculates the average of emotional signals per second rather than the total emotion response time(10 seconds).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the steps height on the joint moment of lower extremity in stair-descent activity of elderly persons. Data were collected by 3-D cinematography and force platform. 9 male elderly subjects in the 60s and 70s participated in this study. All subjects performed a stair-descent in four different heights of stairs (10, 14, 18, 22cm) having 5 step staircase. The results were as follows. 1. For the step height of 22cm the maximum. plantarflexion moment was the smallest and the largest for the step height of 14cm. 2. There was not a statistical difference shown for the extension moment of the knee joint for the different height of steps. 3. There was not a statistical difference shown for the flexion moment of the hip joint for the varying height of steps but on average for the 18cm step this increased rapidly. 4. The smallest maximum. value for inversion moment was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 5. The smallest maximum. value for abduction moment of the hip joint was revealed for the step height of 10cm and this increased significantly for the step height of 22cm. 6. There was no significant difference shown for the maximum. abduction moment for the hip joint. The main conclusion is that there is a huge difference in the moment of the lower extremities for the elderly while walking down a stairs with a step height above 18 cm and that this moment increased or decreased rapidly under a condition of step height being 22cm. With the results from this research and related research of elderly walking upstairs it can be shown that the step height has a large role in the safety for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.3 s.168
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• pp.162-169
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• 2005

The functional external fixator system fur bone deformity near joints in legs using the worm gear was developed for curing the difference angles in fracture bone and the lengthening bar for curing the difference length in fracture bone. Both experiments and FE analysis were performed to compare the elastic stiffness in several loading modes and to improve the functional external fixator system for the bone deformity. The FE model using the compressive and bending FE analysis was applied to the FE analysis due to the angle differences. The results show that the compressive stiffness value in experiment was 175.43N/mm; the bending stiffness value in experiment was 259.74N/mm; compressive stiffness value in FEM was 188.67N/mm; bending stiffness value in FEA was 285.71N/mm. The errors between experiments and FEA were less than 10%. The maximum stress (157MPa) to the angle of clamp was lower than the yield stress (176.4MPa) of SUS316L. The stiffnesses in both axial compressive and bending of the new fixator are about 2 times higher than other products except EBI (2003).