• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.419-427
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• 1994

Because of the prominence of the nose and its central location, it is the most frequently encountered fractures in the face. Yet reports about the nasal bone fractures are virtually rare in the oral and maxillofacial surgical literatures. This is a retrospective study on 19 nasal bone fractures treated in Chosun university hospital Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery from Jan. 1991 to Sep. 1993, under admission to our Dept. and the obtained results were as follows. 1. Of the 240 patients with facial bone fractures, 28 patients suffered nasal fractures(12%) and male to female ratio was 5.3:1. 2. The most frequent cause was traffic accidents(39%)m, the next fall down(36%), first blow(4%). 3. The age frequency was the highest in the fifth decade (32%). 4. Clinical classification of nasal fractures was simple fractures(74%), combined fractures(26%), and single fractures(37%), combined fractures(63%). 5. The most frequently combined site was maxilla(50%). 6. Treatments of nasal fractures were closed reduction(63%), open reduction(5%), and secondary rhinoplasty(32%). 7. The initial treatment time from accident was 1.7 days in single fractures, and 3.5 days in combined fractures, and the period of splint retained was about 8.2 days in single fracture, about 8.7 in combined fracture. 8. It was necessary to treat secondarily in delayed treatment, and all treatment methods showed relatively good prognosis. 9. Closed reduction was treated under local anesthesia, but open reduction & secondary rhinoplasty was treated under general anesthesia except 1 case. 10. The complications were disturbance of swellings 5 cases, ethetic problem 5 cases, epiphora 3 cases, abnormal sensation 6 cases in relation with other fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2005

Although there have been many clinical studies about the facial trauma in the recent as well as in the past, severity and frequency of facial trauma are reported multifarious. It seemed to be because of variety of social, cultural, and environmental factors, and the view point of investigators. In this study, we investigated about the patients visiting emergency room during recent 5 years(1999-2003), and compared with retrospective study during former 5 years(1992-1996) in Dept. OMS Pusan Univ-Hospital. We are assessed the cause, type, demographic ect. And analyzed alterations of facial bone fractures during past 2 periods. the results were as follows. The total number of patients was increased slightly. 429 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between January 1992 and December 1996 and 466 patients treated between January 1992 and December 1996. The male-to-female ratio reduced in the second period by a factor of 0.7. Patients in the age groups of 10-19 years and 20-29 years increased by a factor of 4.2 and 7.9 in the second period. Assaults and falls in the second period decreased by a factor of 15.4 and 7.9. But, traffic accidents and slip downs in the second period increased by a factor of 6 and 6.6. The mandibular fractures(70.6%) showed the highest incidence, followed by zygomatic bone and arch fractures(7.5%), maxillary bone fractures(4.0%), and nasal bone fractures(4.0%). In the second period, the mid-face fracture was increased slightly. So, the mandibular fractures(69.0%) followed by maxillary bone fractures(12.9%), zygomatic bone and arch fractures(8.0%), nasal bone fractures(7.0%). Ramus fractures and body fractures of mandible was increased slightly in the second period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2010

Purpose: To research about maxillofacial traumatic injuries of children in aspects of gender difference, various incidence rates between age, trauma type, cause, monthly and daily incidence rate, type of tooth damage, gingival damage, soft tissue damage, and type of facial bone fracture. Materials and methods: Study group consisted of children under 15 years of age who visited Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University from 2004/7/1 to 2007/6/30 with chief complaint of oral and maxillofacial traumatic injuries. 1,559 cases of traumatic injuries were studied from 1,556 (1,004 male, 552 female) children. Conclusion: 1. There were slightly more boys than girls, giving a male-to-female ratio of 1.82:1.0. The 1-3 year old boys and girls had the highest number of traumatic injuries. 2. Of the 1,556 patients, 68.63% had soft tissue injuries, 50.22% had periodontal injuries, 29.89% had teeth injuries, and 3.85% had maxillofacial bone fractures. 3. Falling down was the most common cause of injury in both sexes. 4. The months with the highest incidence rates were in order May (12.12%), June (11.74%), and October (11.13%). Most of the injuries occurred on weekends. 5. The most common tooth injury was uncomplicated crown fracture, and the most common periodontal injury was subluxation. The majority of traumatizes teeth were the upper central incisors. 6. The most common soft tissue injury was intraoral lacerations. 7. Mandibular fractures were most frequent in facial bone fractures; symphysis, condylar head, and angle fractures were most frequent in mandibular fractures; maxillary and nasal bone fractures were most frequent in midfacial bone fractures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.258-265
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• 2020

Objectives: Despite advances in maxillofacial surgery, impaired bone healing remains a concern for surgical teams. Many studies have evaluated the effects of sildenafil and pentoxifylline on bone healing. However, their effects on healing of bone fractures have not been well investigated. This study aimed to assess the effects of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors sildenafil and pentoxifylline on healing of mandibular fractures in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 rats were randomly divided into six groups of 10. Mandibular fracture was induced in all rats. After the surgical procedure, group C1 received saline, group S1 received 10 mg/kg sildenafil and group P1 received 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline. The rats were sacrificed after 1 week. Groups C4, S4, and P4 received pharmaceutical therapy as in groups C1, S1, and P1 but were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The samples then underwent histological analysis. Results: The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S1 and P1 was significantly higher than in group C1 at 1 week (P<0.001). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in group P1 was higher than in group S1 at 1 week (P=0.04). The mean rate of bone healing of mandibular fractures in groups S4 (P=0.001) and P4 (P=0.004) was significantly higher than in group C4 at 4 weeks, but no significant difference was noted in the rate of healing between groups P4 and S4 (P=0.53). Conclusion: Sildenafil and pentoxifylline can be used as adjuncts to enhance bone healing in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2011

Introduction: In today's society, the rapid and appropriate care of the dental emergency patients is much more important. So, a retrospective study on the characteristics of emergency dental injuries and diseases will be very meaningful. Materials and Methods: This retrospective clinical study was carried by reviewing the radiographic films and emergency chart of 11,493 patients who had visited the emergency room of Hallym Sacred heart Hospital and were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from January 2006 to December 2010. Results: The male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The highest monthly incidence was observed in May (10.4%) and June (8.9%) and the peak age distribution was the first decade (56.0%), followed by the second decade (16.0%). Trauma was the most common cause in dental emergency patients, followed in order by toothache, odontogenic infection, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder and oral hemorrhage. Soft tissue injury was most prevalent in the trauma group, followed by tooth injury and facial bone fractures. In the tooth injury group, tooth fracture (56.7%) showed the highest incidence followed in order by tooth subluxation (18.2%), tooth concussion (16.9%), tooth avulsion (11.5%) and alveolar bone fractures (3.7%). In the facial bone fracture group, mandibular fractures (81.8%) showed the highest incidence followed in order by maxilla fractures (15.7%), nasal bone fractures (9.0%), zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures (5.4%), orbital bone fractures (2.5%). In mandibular bone fractures, the most common location was the symphysis (70.1%), followed in order by the mandibular angle (33.0%), mandibular condyle (22.8%) and mandibular body (13.6%). In the infection group, a submandibular space abscess (46.2%) was most common followed in order by a buccal space abscess (17.4%), canine space abscess (16.9%) and submental space abscess (12.3%). TMJ dislocation (89.3%) showed the highest incidence in the TMJ disorder group, followed by TMJ derangement (10.7%). In the other group, a range of specific symptoms due to post operation complications, trigeminal neuralgia, chemical burns and foreign body aspiration were reported. Conclusion: For the rapid and appropriate care of the dental emergency patients, well-organized system should be presented in oral and maxillofacial surgery. And it is possible under analysis of pattern and the variation of the dental emergency patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2018

Zygomatic fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial skeleton, after nasal bone fractures. Due to its uniqueness, the malar bone plays a very important role in maintaining appropriate facial contours. Zygomatic fractures can cause ocular and mandibular functional impairment, along with cosmetic defects. With the help of advanced imaging techniques and various treatment options, the management of zygomatic fractures has become more sophisticated and less invasive. This article discusses zygomatic fractures in detail: their clinical and radiographic features, and the various treatment options available.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

Purpose: Different patterns in the causes of maxillofacial injury are thought to correlate with socioeconomic status and regional environment. This study investigated maxillofacial fractures in order to analyze maxillofacial trauma characteristics and the relationship between the causes and injury patterns in Korea. Material and methods: A total of 518 patients with maxillofacial fractures who were treated at the Seoul National University Boramae Hospital between 1996 and 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Data were obtained from the patients' medical records and radiographs. The male to female ratio in the patient group was 2.78:1, and the mean age was 32.3 years. Results: Midfacial fractures were the most common location of injury (46.1%). The most common etiologic factor was an activity associated with daily life (42.6%) including falls, stumbling, and collisions. The second most common cause was assault (32.4%), followed by traffic accidents (13.7%). In the case of midfacial fractures and mandibular fractures, assault was the most common etiologic factor, whereas in the case of alveolar bone fractures, activities associated with daily life were the most common cause. With regard to age groups, assault was the most common cause for patients between 10 and 39 years old and an activity associated with daily life was the most common cause in those under 10 years and over 40 years. Conclusions: This study concluded that activities associated with daily life and assault causes a large proportion of Korean maxillofacial injuries and that preventive measures should be implemented in order to minimize these risks.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 1998

We reviewed 240 patients with facial bone fractures treated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery between Jan. 1. 1997 to Dec. 31. 1997. These results were obtained as follows : 1. The ratio of men to women was 3.5 : 1 2. The age frequency was highest for people in their 20's 34.2%, in their 10's 21.63%, and in their 30's 20.41%. 3. The fractures were at the highest incidence in September at 13.3%, followed by in May at 11.25%. 4. The frequent causes were traffic accidents 47.9%, fisticuffs 20%, accidents caused by falling or slipping 16.25%, working traumas 8.75%, and sports 7.1%. 5. The most common location of facial bone fractures was the mandible 67.2%. The frequent fracture sites of the mandible were symphysis, angle, condyle, and body in the order. 6. The associated injuries of facial bone fractures were neurosurgry, orthopedic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, ophthalmic surgery and general surgery. 7. In respect of treatment, open reduction used 84.3% of the time. 8. Post operation complicatins were as follows : neurological problem 2.08%, malunion 1.67%, facial asymetry 0.83%, malocclusion 0.83%, and infection 0.41%.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1989

사회가 다양해지고 공업화됨에 따라 안면부의 외상이 크게 증가하였으며, 그 외상 정도 또한 더욱 심화되었다. 안면골절중 가장 많은 발생빈도를 차지하는 것은 비골골절이다. 그러나, 골절된 비골에 대한 즉시 치료율은 다른 안면골에 비해 높지 않다. 또한 다른 안면골 골절, 특히 악골 골절과 동반된 경우에 있어서는 마취 기술상 동시 수술이 쉽지 않다. 따라서 많은 수의 비골골절이 즉시 치료되지 못해 변형된 형태로 남게 된다. 이러한 외상성 비변형은 심미적으로나 기능적으로 환자에게 큰 불편을 초래하므로 정비술을 요하게 된다. 코의 외상성 변형은 크게 비골부변형, 비연골부 변형, 피부변형과 다른 주위 구조물(안와부, 전두부)과 동반된 변형으로 나눌 수 있다. 안와부 또는 전두부와 동반된 비변형에 있어서는 비안각 또는 전비각의 재건에 유의하여야 한다. 단순한 비변형에 있어서는 비연골간 절개 또는 구내절개술을 통한 재건술이 많이 이용된다. 정비술 방법으로는 비골절단술, 연골이식술, 골이식술 및 이물질 매식술 등이 있다. 본원에서는 비연골간 절개를 이용한 골 및 연골이식과 이물질 매식 그리고 구내절개를 이용한 골절단술로 외상성 비변형을 이차적으로 재건한 바 만족할만한 결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고하는 바이다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.53.1-53.6
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• 2019

Background: The nasal bone is the most protruding bony structure of the facial bones. Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial bone fracture. The high rate of incidence of nasal bone fracture emphasizes the need for systematical investigation of epidemiology, surgical techniques, and complications after surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the current trends in the treatment of nasal bone fractures and the effectiveness of closed reduction depending on the severity of the nasal bone fracture. Patients and methods: A total of 179 patients with a nasal bone fracture from 2009 to 2017 were enrolled. Their clinical examination, patient's records, and radiographic images of nasal bone fractures were evaluated. Results: Patients ranged from children to elderly. There were 156 (87.2%) males and 23 (12.8%) females. Traffic accident (36.9%) was the most common cause of nasal fracture. Orbit fracture (44 patients, 24.6%) was the most common fracture associated with a nasal bone fracture. Complications after surgery included postoperative deformity in 20 (11.2%) patients, nasal obstruction in 11 (6.1%) patients, and olfactory disturbances in 2 (1.1%) patients and patients with more severe nasal bone fractures had higher rates of these complications. Conclusion: Closed reduction could be performed successfully within 2 weeks after injury.