• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 1998

The reactivity increase of unsunstituted energetic compound in cyclic ethers was found in order of three-membered cyclic form < five-membered cyclic form< four-membered cyclic form. The nucleophilicity and basicity of cyclic ethers can be explained by the negative charge on oxygen atom of cyclic ethers. The reactivity of propagation in the polymerization of cyclic ethers can be represented by positive charge on carbon atom and the LUMO energy of active species of cyclic ethers. The cationic polymerization of substituted cyclic ethers which have pendant energetic groups such as methoxy($-CH_{2}OCH_{3}$), azido($-CH_{2}N_{3}$), and nitrato($-CH_{2}ONO_{2}$) are investigated theoretically using the MNDO methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2018

It is necessary to develop a mobile water production system in order to provide stable water supply in case of disasters such as floods or earthquakes. In this study, we developed a modular mobile water production system capable of producing water for various uses such as domestic water and drinking water while improving applicability in various raw water sources. The water production system consists of three stages of filtration (sand filtration - activated carbon filtration - pressure filtration) to produce domestic water and an additional reverse osmosis process to produce drinking water. In laboratory and field experiments, the domestic water production system showed excellent treatment efficiency for particulate matter, but showed limitations in the treatment of dissolved substances such as dissolved organic matter. In addition, ultraviolet irradiation was considered as additional disinfection step, because it does not form precipitates of manganese oxides after disinfection. Reverse osmosis process was added to increase the removal efficiency of dissolved substances and the treated water satisfied drinking water quality standards. Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter showed that the fulvic acid-like substances in raw water was successfully removed in the reverse osmosis process. The mobile water production system developed in this study is expected to be used not only in water supply in case of disaster, but also widely used in islands and rural area.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.4 s.36
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• pp.49-62
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• 2003

Vesely explains, the main source of our confusion and nihilism comes most probably from the ambiguous relationship between modem architecture, technology and aesthetics. Also, to overcome such crucial problems, many theorists recently emphasize to take part in cultural civilization and to preserve creative genes of great culture that is based on our interpretation of 'ethical and mythical nucleus of mankind,' rather than in technical modernization that constitutes a sort of subtle destruction of mytho-ethical nucleus of a society. They for architecture also strongly stress on a mythopoetic imagination and an ontological construction of building, which could make a form symbolic and mythical rather than mathematical and aesthetic representation. On this point, 'myth' becomes a vital idea for constructing and construing architectural form and space. And it is also one of the essential concepts to understand both the motive power of cultural continuation of place and the meaning of architecture. Nevertheless, its meaning and the citation of word in architectural essay are still obscure. It might be because the original concept of myth not only has been lain in the matter of philosophical contemplation. Thus, the intention of the research is focused on lightening the meaning of myth in architectural term. Especially, it is, first, concentrated on interpreting philosopher Ernst Cassirer's reflections which were written in order to emphasize the importance of 'mythical consciousness' for the world's cultural civilization. And, the second, it will continue to interpret the myth as a sign within the semiotic concept of Charles Sanders Peirce, and further to emphasis the significance of mythic signs for the continuance of artistic and cultural idea including architecture. The contents of the paper is not that of architectural planning and design methodology, rather architectural philosophy and epistemology. Nevertheless, in regard to architecture, the research will, against today's un-discriminated use of symbolic motifs and instrumental representation of form, suggest a concrete architectural and aesthetic theory of myth and sign, especially of the relationship between the idea of semiology and the function of cultural continuity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

The Green Purification Unit System (GPUS) is a green infrastructure facility applicable to the roadside to reduce particulate matter from road traffic. This study introduces two types of GPUS (type1 and type2) and assesses the performance and maintenance costs of each of them. The GPUS's performance analysis used the data collected in November 2021 after the installation of the GPUS type1 and type2 at the study site in Suwon. The changes in the particulate matter concentration near the GPUS were measured. The maintenance cost of GPUS type1 and type2 was assessed by calculating the initial installation cost and the management and repair cost after installation. The results of the performance analysis showed that the GPUS type1, which was manufactured by combining plants and electric dust collectors, had a superior particulate matter reduction performance. In particular, type1 produced a greater effect of particulate matter reduction in the time with a high concentration (50㎍/m³ or higher) of particulate matter due to the operation of electric dust collectors. GPUS type2, which was designed in the form of a plant wall without applying an electric dust collector, showed lower reduction performance than type1 but showed sufficiently improved performance compared to the existing band green area. Meanwhile, the GPUS type1 had three times higher costs for the initial installation than GPUS type2. In terms of costs for managing and repairing, it was evaluated that type1 would be slightly more costly than type2. Finally, this study discussed the applicability of two types of GPUS based on the result of the analysis of their particulate matter performance and maintenance cost at the same time. Since GPUS type2 has a cheaper cost than type1, it could be more economical. However, in the area suffering a high concentration of particulate matter, GPUS type1 would be more effective than type2. Therefore, the choice of GPUS types should rely on the status of particulate matter concentration in the area where GPUS is being installed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 1999

This paper tried to find out the various symbolic meanings and functions of landscape elements which Capital City of Shilla Dynasty contains, and what is the symbolism and identity of the city. Basically, this research took the thought of the place and the theory of cognition on landscape as a research tool, and undertook the process of surveying the physical surroundings of the city such as mountains, forests, tumuluses, mountain fortress walls, etc. Especially, the study referenced to a myth, thought, and a tale related to them of the surroundings. The research scope in time had been reached to the year of BC 57 which is beginning year of Shilla Dynasty form AC 467 which is year of introduction of new urban block system delivered from Dang Dynasty of ancient China. The results of research showed symbolic meanings of mountains and forests which is surrounding the Shilla capital from 4 directions of east, west, south and north. Namely, it was the places that the king of the kingdom of Shilla decent into the earth from the heaven. Also, the tumuluses which are located on the center of the capital imitated the surrounding mountains in forms, meaned the place that the dead king rised to heaven. All of these symbolized the Capital City of Dynasty as a sacred city which linked the heaven to earth, and earth to heaven. Finally, this paper suggested the Kyongju which is one of the most representative historic and tourist city in Korea should reflect this kind of symbolic meaning of ancient Capital City of Shilla Dynasty in case of arranging the urban identity plan to promote the quality of urban environment of Kyongju.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.562-564
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• 2001

Transformation of molecular film occurs only usually in air-water interface, 2 dimensions domain's growth and crash are achieved. Organic matter thin film that accumulate molecular film in archaism board only that consist of growth of domain can understand correct special quality of accumulation film supplying information about fine structure and properties of matter of device observing information and so on that is surface forward player and optic enemy using AFM one of SPM application by nano electronics. The stable images are probably due to a strong interaction between the monolayer film and glass substrate. We are unable to obtain molecule resolution in images of the films but did see a marked contrast between images of the bare substrate and those with the network structure film deposited onto it. Formation that prevent when gas phase state and liquid phase state measure but Could know organic matter that molecules form equal and stable film when molecules were not distributed evenly. and accumulated in solid state only.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.562-564
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• 2001

Transformation of molecular film occurs only usually in air-water interface, 2 dimensions domain's growth and crash are achieved. Organic matter thin film that accumulate molecular film in archaism board only that consist of growth of domain can understand correct special quality of accumulation film supplying information about fine structure and properties of matter of device observing information and so on that is surface forward player and optic enemy using AFM one of SPM application by nano electronics. The stable images are probably due to a strong interaction between the monolayer film and glass substrate. We are unable to obtain molecule resolution in images of the films but did see a marked contrast between images of the bare substrate and those with the network structure film deposited onto it. Formation that prevent when gas phase state and liquid phase state measure but Could know organic matter that molecules form equal and stable film when molecules were not distributed evenly, and accumulated in solid state only.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1618-1620
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• 2002

Transformation of molecular film occurs only usually in air-water interface, 2 dimensions domain's growth and crash are achieved. Organic matter thin film that accumulate molecular film in archaism board only that consist of growth of domain can understand correct special quality of accumulation film supplying information about fine structure and properties of matter of device observing information and so on that is surface forward player and optic enemy using AFM one of SPM application by nano electronics. The stable images are probably due to a strong interaction between the monolayer film and glass substrate. We are unable to obtain molecule resolution in images of the films but did see a marked contrast between images of the bare substrate and those with the network structure film deposited onto it. Formation that prevent when gas phase state and liquid phase state measure but Could know organic matter that molecules form equal and stable film when molecules were not distributed evenly, and accumulated in solid state only.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2011

BNR process is an effective method to remove high strength nitrogen included in wastewater and piggery wastewater. There have been many former studies about the induction of nitritation which have many advantages than full nitrification and the impacting factors on nitritation. Especially, it is reported that organic matter has a relation with nitritation. In this study, laboratory sacle reactor was operated using effluent of anaerobic digester, piggery wastewater and anaerobic digester effluent of piggery wastewater. After analyzing the operating results, the impact of organic matter on nitritation was analyzed by classified COD fractions. It was showed that nitritation is affected by organic matter especially by Ss. In conclusion, organic matter should be managed not just as a single gross parameter but in a classified form.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-233
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• 1994

In several literature in China were recorded various species of the indigo genus, but in Chosen documents, the two have been intensively mentioned, that is, Polygonum tinctorium (PT) and liatis Tinctuna(IT). Allowing for some slight contradictions of the records between the two countries, we insist that J)T is the aborigines historically longer than any other indigo plant in Korea and that IT is the one Implanted from China in late Chosen period. Indigos can be grouped into two major categories : 'Chon' or Indigo forming sediment in the course of making, and 'Nam' or the one without. The dyestuffs of blue, or dark blue tineged with red, which had been ocasionally recorded until the mid Chosen, could be made from the . species without sediment. The period when the color thus obtained was prevalent can be traced back to the era of Yongio, when the import of blue-dyed textiles from China was prohibited to encourage the domestic dyeing industry. However, a more clarification is needed on this matter, since all of the previous researches are arguing, with little validity, that the indigo genus in Korea be PT. Judging from the documents recording that PT did not form any sediment, and that from it was obtained only light color like indigo, it is a matter of re-discussion in terms of botanical taxonomy to define as PT the species being cultivated in some areas in Chollanam-do. In conclusion, a joint research, including specialists in traditional dyestuffs and in botany in relation to the taxonomical problem of the indigo genus, would be expected for further Investigation on this matter.