• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio - 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Background Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) have recently become widely used in breast reconstruction, but the correlation between the final expander volume and the surface area of the ADM is not well understood. In this study, the expansion of the surface area of ADM and the expander volume was studied retrospectively in cases of acellular dermis-assisted tissue expander breast reconstruction. Methods Twenty cases of immediate breast reconstruction using an ADM-assisted tissue expander from January 2015 to December 2015 were evaluated. In all 20 cases, CGCryoDerm was used as the matrix, with a thickness of 1-3 mm. No slit incisions were made. Finally, the proportional increase in the area of the fully expanded ADM was compared to that of the tissue expander volume. Results The proportional increase in the ADM surface area was calculated to be from 1.1 to 2.46, with a mean value of 1.7. Additionally, under the assumption that the expander had a spherical shape, the increase in its radius (the cube root of its volume) was assessed. The range of the proportional increase in the expander radius was 1.1 to 2.24, with a mean value of 1.66. The proportional increase in the radius of the expanded ADM surface area ranged from 1.04 to 1.34, with a mean ratio of 1.28. Conclusions The results of this study confirmed that the ADM expanded when the tissue expander was inflated. However, the ADM expanded to a lesser extent than the tissue expander, indicating that the muscle and other tissues expanded more than the ADM when the tissue expander was inflated.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.123-128
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• 2020

In this paper, we presents a new cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) system for the reconstruction of 3 dimensional dynamic images. The system using cone beam has less the exposure of radioactivity than fan beam, relatively. In the system, the reconstruction 3-D image is reconstructed with the radiation angle of X-ray in the image processing unit and transmitted to the monitor. And in the image processing unit, the Three Pass Shear Matrices, a kind of Rotation-based method, is applied to reconstruct 3D image because it has less transcendental functions than the one-pass shear matrix to decrease a time of calculations for the reconstruction 3-D image in the processor. The new system is able to get 3~5 3-D images a second, reconstruct the 3-D dynamic images in real time. And we showed the Rotation-based method was good rather than existing reconstruction technique for 3D images, also found weakness and a solution for it.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2021

Objective: The genetic evaluation of Santa Inês sheep was performed for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection (RGNI) and body size using different relationship matrices to assess the efficiency of including genomic information in the analyses. Methods: There were 1,637 animals in the pedigree and 500, 980, and 980 records of RGNI, thoracic depth (TD), and rump height (RH), respectively. The genomic data consisted of 42,748 SNPs and 388 samples genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The (co)variance components were estimated in single- and multi-trait analyses using the numerator relationship matrix (A) and the hybrid matrix H, which blends A with the genomic relationship matrix (G). The BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP methods were used. The accuracies of estimated breeding values and Spearman rank correlation were also used to assess the feasibility of incorporating genomic information in the analyses. Results: The heritability estimates ranged from 0.11±0.07, for TD (in single-trait analysis using the A matrix), to 0.38±0.08, for RH (using the H matrix in multi-trait analysis). The estimates of genetic correlation ranged from -0.65±0.31 to 0.59±0.19, using A, and from -0.42±0.30 to 0.57±0.16 using H. The gains in accuracy of estimated breeding values ranged from 2.22% to 75.00% with the inclusion of genomic information in the analyses. Conclusion: The inclusion of genomic information will benefit the direct selection for the traits in this study, especially RGNI and TD. More information is necessary to improve the understanding on the genetic relationship between resistance to nematode infection and body size in Santa Inês sheep. The genetic evaluation for the evaluated traits was more efficient when genomic information was included in the analyses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.89-95
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• 2007

There are various methods constructing correlation immune functions such as Siegenthaler's, Camion et al's and Seberry et al's. In particular, Soberry et al's is a method which directly constructs balanced correlation immune functions of any order using the theory of Hadamard matrices. In this paper, we have studied Seberry et al's method for constructing a correlation immune function on a higher dimensional space by combining known correlation immune functions on a lower dimensional space. Futhermore, we calculated the nonlinearity of functions which are constructed by combining of several correlation immune functions. That is, we have shown that the direct sum of two correlation immune functions and a combination of four correlation immune functions have higher nonlinearity in comparison with each functions. This functions in stream cipher are safe against correlation attacks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to measure the level of difficulty of fingerprint database based on sample quality. This paper proposes distribution of a sample quality analyzer and a difference of sample quality analyzer to measure the level of difficulty. Experimental results demonstrate that there are stronger correlation between matching performance and level of difficulty based on difference of sample quality than other measure. Especially, level of difficulty based on OQ Block of MPQ co-occurrence matrix shows highest correlation with matching performance, and moreover it can predict the matching performance of unknown databases.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.6A
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• pp.39-49
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• 2008

AEA and ARIA are next generation standard block cipher of US and Korea, respectively, and these algorithms are used in various fields including smart cards, electronic passport, and etc. This paper addresses the first efficient unified hardware architecture of AES and ARIA, and shows the implementation results with 0.25um CMOS library. We designed shared S-boxes based on composite filed arithmetic for both algorithms, and also extracted common terms of the permutation matrices of both algorithms. With the $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology, our processor occupies 19,056 gate counts which is 32% decreased size from discrete implementations, and it uses 11 clock cycles and 16 cycles for AES and ARIA encryption, which shows 720 and 1,047 Mbps, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2001

Visual cryptography is a simple method in which secret information can be directly decoded in human visual system without any cryptographic computations. When the secret image is scattered to n random shares(slides), this scheme has some week point such as pixel expansion and contrast degradation. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the pixel expansion and improve the contrast in recovered image. In this paper, we propose a new construction method for (k, n) visual cryptography using the cumulative matrix. In case k is odd, we can construct the cumulative matrix perfectly. For even k, the contrast of special pair in decoded image can be achieved best by permitting multiple contract. The proposed method is more simple than that of S. Droste\`s in construction and the average contrast of decoded image is improved for the most part. Also, we show that the basis matrices depending on the cumulative matrix are able to be applied for the general access structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2021

Recent systems contain hardware and software components together for faster execution speed and less power consumption. In conventional hardware and software co-design, the ratio of software and hardware was divided by the designer's empirical knowledge. To find optimal results, designers iteratively reconfigure accelerators and applications and simulate it. Simulating iteratively while making design change is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a hardware and software co-design platform for energy-efficient FPGA accelerator design. The proposed platform makes it easy for designers to find an appropriate hardware ratio by automatically generating application program code and hardware code by parameterizing the components of the accelerator. The co-design platform based on the Vitis unified software platform runs on a server with Xilinx Alveo U200 FPGA card. As a result of optimizing the multiplication accelerator for two matrices with 1000 rows, execution time was reduced by 90.7% and power consumption was reduced by 56.3%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1638-1643
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an adaptive-perturbation-aided opportunistic precoding (APOP) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. To update a precoding matrix in MIMO systems, the proposed algorithm produces a random perturbation in each time slot. Then the additional adaptive perturbation is also applied, which depends on the reports of achievable data-rates from users. If the prior random perturbation increased the data rate, the adaptive perturbation is set to be the same as the prior random perturbation, otherwise the negative value of the prior random perturbation is applied for adaptive perturbation. Furthermore, to enhance the achievable data rates, the information on the stored precoding matrices in the memory as well as the currently generated precoding matrix is used for scheduling. Simulation results show that compared to conventional opportunistic precoding schemes, higher data rates are achieved by the proposed APOP scheme, especially when there are a relatively small number of users.