• 한국가스학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

각종 발전설비 및 LNG 저장탱크 등 대형산업구조물의 구조적 건전성을 확보하기 위해서는 강구조물을 형성하는 강용접부의 파괴인성 평가가 필수적이다. 강용접부는 모재와는 달리 다양한 재질적 불균질성을 가지는 경우가 대부분인데, 이러한 불균질성은 파괴변수 및 인성치에 대하여 역학적, 야금학적으로 많은 영향을 미치게 되므로 파괴인성 시험시에는 불균질 인자들의 영향을 반드시 고려해 주어야 한다. 하지만 국내의 경우는 강용접부의 불균질성에 대한 체계적인 연구가 이루어져 있지 않은 상태이므로, 본 논문에서는 강용접부가 가지는 인성적, 강도적 불균질에 대하여 정리하고 이에 따른 문제점을 리뷰하였다.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Pyroprocessing is a promising technology for managing spent nuclear fuel. The nuclear material accounting of feed material is a challenging issue in safeguarding pyroprocessing facilities. The input material in pyroprocessing is in a solid-state, unlike the solution state in an input accountability tank used in conventional wet-type reprocessing. To reduce the uncertainty of the input material accounting, a double-stage homogenization process is proposed in considering the process throughput, remote controllability, and remote maintenance of an engineering-scale pyroprocessing facility. This study tests two types of mixing equipment in the proposed double-stage homogenization process using surrogate materials. The expected heterogeneity and accounting uncertainty of Pu are calculated based on the surrogate test results. The heterogeneity of Pu was 0.584% obtained from Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) spent fuel of 59 WGd/tU when the relative standard deviation of the mass ratio, tested from the surrogate powder, is 1%. The uncertainty of the Pu accounting can be lower than 1% when the uncertainty of the spent fuel mass charged into the first mixers is 2%, and the uncertainty of the first sampling mass is 5%.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.375-401
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• 2014

It is generally accepted that material heterogeneity has a great influence on the deformation, strength, damage and failure modes of rock. This paper presents numerical simulation on rock failure process based on the characterization of rock heterogeneity by using a digital image processing (DIP) technique. The actual heterogeneity of rock at mesoscopic scale (characterized as minerals) is retrieved by using a vectorization transformation method based on the digital image of rock surface, and it is imported into a well-established numerical code Rock Failure Process Analysis (RFPA), in order to examine the effect of rock heterogeneity on the rock failure process. In this regard, the numerical model of rock could be built based on the actual characterization of the heterogeneity of rock at the meso-scale. Then, the images of granite are taken as an example to illustrate the implementation of DIP technique in simulating the rock failure process. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the impact of actual rock heterogeneity due to spatial distribution of constituent mineral grains (e.g., feldspar, quartz and mica) on the macro-scale mechanical response, and the associated rock failure mechanism at the meso-scale level is clarified. The numerical results indicate that the shape and distribution of constituent mineral grains have a pronounced impact on stress distribution and concentration, which may further control the failure process of granite. The proposed method provides an efficient tool for studying the mechanical behaviors of heterogeneous rock and rock-like materials whose failure processes are strongly influenced by material heterogeneity.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2013

Functionally graded materials graded continuously and discretely, and are modeled using modified Mori- Tanaka and self-consistent methods. The proposed micromechanics model accounts for multi-phase heterogeneity and arbitrary number of layers. The influence of geometries and distinct elastic material properties of each constituent and voids on the effective elastic properties of FGM is investigated. Numerical examples of different functionally graded materials are presented. The predicted elastic properties obtained from the current model agree well with experimental results from the literature.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.683-696
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• 2023

The destruction and fracture of rock masses are crucial components in engineering and there is an increasing demand for the study of the influence of rock mass heterogeneity on the safety of engineering projects. The numerical manifold method (NMM) has a unified solution format for continuous and discontinuous problems. In most NMM studies, material homogeneity has been assumed and despite this simplification, fracture mechanics remain complex and simulations are inefficient because of the complicated topology updating operations that are needed after crack propagation. These operations become computationally expensive especially in the cases of heterogeneous materials. In this study, a heterogeneous model algorithm based on stochastic theory was developed and introduced into the NMM. A new fracture algorithm was developed to simulate the rupture zone. The algorithm was validated for the examples of the four-point shear beam and semi-circular bend. Results show that the algorithm can efficiently simulate the rupture zone of heterogeneous rock masses. Heterogeneity has a powerful effect on the macroscopic failure characteristics and uniaxial compressive strength of rock masses. The peak strength of homogeneous material (with heterogeneity or standard deviation of 0) is 2.4 times that of heterogeneous material (with heterogeneity of 11.0). Moreover, the local distribution of parameter values can affect the configuration of rupture zones in rock masses. The local distribution also influences the peak value on the stress-strain curve and the residual strength. The post-peak stress-strain curve envelope from 60 random calculations can be used as an estimate of the strength of engineering rock masses.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2011

Concrete is a heterogeneous material exhibiting quasi-brittle behaviour. While homogenization of concrete is commonly accepted in general engineering applications, a detailed description of the material heterogeneity using a mesoscale model becomes desirable and even necessary for problems where drastic spatial and time variation of the stress and strain is involved, for example in the analysis of local damages under impact, shock or blast load. A mesoscale model can also assist in an investigation into the underlying mechanisms affecting the bulk material behaviour under various stress conditions. Extending from existing mesoscale model studies, where use is often made of specialized codes with limited capability in the material description and numerical solutions, this paper presents a mesoscale computational model developed under a general-purpose finite element environment. The aim is to facilitate the utilization of sophisticated material descriptions (e.g., pressure and rate dependency) and advanced numerical solvers to suit a broad range of applications, including high impulsive dynamic analysis. The whole procedure encompasses a module for the generation of concrete mesoscale structure; a process for the generation of the FE mesh, considering two alternative schemes for the interface transition zone (ITZ); and the nonlinear analysis of the mesoscale FE model with an explicit time integration approach. The development of the model and various associated computational considerations are discussed in this paper (Part 1). Further numerical studies using the mesoscale model for both quasi-static and dynamic loadings will be presented in the companion paper (Part 2).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.703-716
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• 2016

In this paper, we have investigated shear horizontal wave propagation in a layered structure, consisting of granular macromorphic rock (Dionysos Marble) substrate underlying a viscoelastic layer of finite thickness. SH waves characteristics are affected by the material properties of both substrate and the coating. The effects of microstructural parameter "characteristic length" of the substrate, along with heterogeneity, internal friction and thickness of viscoelastic layer are studied on the dispersion curves. Dispersion equation for SH wave is derived. Real and damping phase velocities of SH waves are studied against dimensionless wave number, for different combinations of various parameters involved in the problem.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

연약지반의 적정 압밀속도 및 압밀침하량 예측에 있어 유효응력, 투수계수, 압밀계수, 체적변화계수 등의 물질함수는 가장 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 수평배수 조건에서의 압밀 물질함수 산정을 위한 개량형 수평배수 압밀시험 장치를 고안하고, 이를 이용하여 고함수비 해성점토에 대한 압밀시험을 실시하였다. 시험에 이용된 시료는 상부 준설매립 지반과 하부 원지반점토로 구성된 남해안 산업단지 조성 현장에서 채취하였다. 기존의 표준압밀시험을 동시에 실시하였으며, 이 결과를 이용하여 배수조건별 간극비, 유효응력, 투수계수, 압밀계수, 체적변화계수 등을 분석하였다. 압밀 물질함수는 Stark(2005)이 제안한 소성지수 포함의 회귀분석 방정식 형태로 표현되었으며, 이를 통해 투수성에 대한 이방성 특성을 산정할 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2007

일반적으로 지반재료의 물성은 불균질할 뿐만 아니라 제한된 수량의 시추공을 이용한 지반재료의 물성조사는 그 불균질성을 파악하기에 충분하지 못한 경우가 대부분이다. 또한, 지반 굴착 등의 토목공사에 있어서 굴착 결과로 얻어지는 현장조건은 사전 지반조사와 상이한 경우가 많으며 이를 반영한 해석조건의 수정과정은 유한요소해석으로 대표되는 기존해석의 경우 상당한 비용과 시간을 요구한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 무요소해석법과 연속확률변수의 급수전개법의 하나인 Karhunen-Loeve 전개법을 결합함으로써, 지반재료물성의 불균질성에 기인한 불확실성의 정량적 평가가 가능하고 현장조건의 신속한 반영이 상대적으로 수월한 해석툴의 개발을 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 개발된 해석법을 1차원 문제에 적용하여 타당성을 검증하고 서로 다른 해석결과의 특징을 비교분석 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2011

As a brittle and heterogeneous material, concrete behaves differently under different stress conditions and its bulk strength is loading rate dependent. To a large extent, the varying behavioural properties of concrete can be explained by the mechanical failure processes at a mesoscopic level. The development of a computational mesoscale model in a general finite element environment, as presented in the preceding companion paper (Part 1), makes it possible to investigate into the underlying mechanisms governing the bulk-scale behaviour of concrete under a variety of loading conditions and to characterise the variation in quantitative terms. In this paper, we first present a series of parametric studies on the behaviour of concrete material under quasi-static compression and tension conditions. The loading-face friction effect, the possible influences of the non-homogeneity within the mortar and ITZ phases, and the effect of randomness of coarse aggregates are examined. The mesoscale model is then applied to analyze the dynamic behaviour of concrete under high rate loading conditions. The potential contribution of the mesoscopic heterogeneity towards the generally recognized rate enhancement of the material compressive strength is discussed.