• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2022

Topology optimization is applied for the optimal design of various products to ensure weight reduction and productivity improvement. Reducing the weight of the mold while maintaining its rigidity can ensure shortening of the production cycle, stabilization of the mold temperature, and reduction of mold material costs. In this study, a topology optimization technique was applied to the optimal design of the injection mold, and a topology-optimized model of the mold was obtained. First, the injection mold for the square specimens was modeled. Subsequently, a structural analysis was performed by implementing a load condition generated during the injection molding process. Topology optimization was performed based on the structural analysis results, and the models of the initial and topology-optimized designs were manufactured at 1/4 magnification using a 3D printer. Consequently, compared with the existing model, the weight of the topology-optimized model decreased by 9.8%, and the manufacturing time decreased by 7.61%.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.473-488
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• 2022

A high-speed railway (HSR) bridge may undergo long-term deformation due to the degradation of material stiffness, or foundation settlement during its service cycle. In this study, an analytical model is set up to evaluate the influence of this long-term vertical bridge deformation on the track geometry. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the HSR track-bridge system, the energy variational principle is applied to build the energy functionals for major components of the track-bridge system. By further taking into account the interlayer's force balancing requirements, the mapping relationship between the deformation of the track and the one of the bridge is established. In order to consider the different behaviors of the interlayers in compression and tension, an iterative method is introduced to update the mapping relationship. As for the validation of the proposed mapping model, a finite element model is created to compare the numerical results with the analytical results, which show a good agreement. Thereafter, the effects of the interlayer's different properties of tension and compression on the mapping deformations are further evaluated and discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.3969-3980
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• 2024

Over the years, numerous evaluations of material attractiveness have been performed for conventional light water reactors to better understand the nature of the spent fuel material and its desirability for misuse at different points in the nuclear fuel cycle. However, availability of such assessments for newer, Generation IV reactors such as Molten Salt Reactors is rather limited. In the present study we address the gap in knowledge of material attractiveness for molten salt reactor systems and describe the nature of irradiated fuel salts which the nuclear safeguards community might be faced with in the near future as more and more such reactors enter commission and operation. Within the scope of the paper, we use a large database of simulated irradiated fuel salt isotopics (and other derived quantities such as gamma activity, decay heat, and neutron emission rates) developed specifically for a molten salt reactor concept in order to shed some light on possible weapons usability of uranium and plutonium present in the irradiated fuel salts. This has been achieved by proposing a new attractiveness metric that is better suited for quantifying attractiveness of irradiated salts from a model molten salt concept. The said metric has been computed using a database that has been created by simulating the irradiation of molten fuel salt in a concept core over a wide range of operational parameters (burnup, initial enrichment, and cooling time) using the Monte-Carlo particle transport code, Serpent. With the help of this attractiveness metric, the findings from this study have shown that in relative terms, molten salt spent fuel is more attractive than spent fuel produced by a conventional light water reactor. The findings also underscore the need for strengthened safeguards measures for such spent fuel. These results are expected to be useful in the future for regulatory authorities as well as for nuclear safeguards inspectors for designing a functional safeguards verification routine for irradiated fuel of such unique nature.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2022

본 연구는 2000년 1월부터 2021년 12월까지의 대표적 원자재 운송 수단인 Capesize 중고선가를 대상으로 해운산업에 대한 분위수 모형을 추정한다. 본 연구는 두 가지 학술적 기여를 목표로 한다. 첫째, 혼재된 실증분석 결과가 제기되는 원자재 운송 시장의 대표적 선종인 Capesize 중고선과 운임시장의 연관성을 분석한다. 둘째, 분위수 회귀로 김현석·장명희(2020a) 연구에서 제기하는 구조변환을 고려하는 실증분석 모형을 제시한다. 분석 결과는 분위수 모형은 시계열 자료에서 구조변화를 분석에 반영함으로써 오차의 불안정성으로 제기되는 문제를 우회할 수 있음을 확인한다. 그리고 공적분 모형의 장기 균형관계를 장기와 단기 추정변수를 통해 외생변수의 장·단기 영향으로 구분하고, 이를 분위별로 세분화한 예측으로 확장한다. 이상의 추정결과는 해운 이론모형에 기반한 분석을 인공지능과 기계학습으로 확장할 수 있는 근거가 된다.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

Fatigue has been known as a major degradation mechanism of ASME class 1 components in nuclear power plants. Fatigue damage could be accelerated by combined interaction of several loads and environmental factors. However, the environmental effect is not explicitly addressed in the ASME S-N curve which is based on air at room temperature. Therefore many studies have been performed to understand the environmental effects on fatigue behavior of materials used in nuclear power plants. As a part of efforts, we performed low cycle fatigue tests under various environmental conditions and analyzed the environmental effects on the fatigue life of SA508 Gr. 1a low alloy steel by comparing with higuchi's model. Test results show that the fatigue life depends on water temperature, dissolved oxygen and strain rate. But strain rate over 0.4%/s has little effect on the fatigue life. To find the cause of different fatigue life with ANL's and higuchi's model, another test performed with different heat numbered and heat treated materials of SA508 Gr. 1a. On a metallurgical point of view, the material with bainite microstructure shows much longer fatigue life than that with ferrite/pearlite microstructure. And the characteristics of crack propagation as different microstructure seem to be the main cause of different fatigue life.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.521-527
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• 2002

In this paper, tensile behavior and low cycle fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel which is currently favored structural material for several high temperature components such as the liquid metal cooled fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) were investigated. Research was performed at 55$0^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$ and $650^{\circ}C$ since working temperature of 316L stainless steel in a real field is from 40$0^{\circ}C$ to $650^{\circ}C$. From tensile tests performed by strain controls with $1{\times}10^{-3}/s,\; l{\times}10^{ -4}/s \;and\; 1{\times}10/^{ -5}/ s $ strain rates at each temperature, negative strain rate response (that is, strain hardening decreases as strain rate increases) and negative temperature response were observed. Strain rate effect was relatively small compared with temperature effect. LCF tests with a constant total strain amplitude were performed by strain control with a high temperature extensometer at R.T, 55$0^{\circ}C$, $600^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$ and total strain amplitudes of 0.3%~0.8% were used and test strain rates were $1{times}10^{-2} /s,\; 1{times}10^{-3} /s\; and\; 1{times}10^{-4} /s$. A new energy based LCF life prediction model which can explain the effects of temperature, strain amplitude and strain rate on fatigue life was proposed and its excellency was verified by comparing with currently used models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.197-215
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• 2021

Under a severe environment of multiple hazards such as earthquakes and winds, the life-cycle performance of engineering structures may inevitably be deteriorated due to the fatigue effect caused by long-term exposure to wind loads, which would further increase the structural vulnerability to earthquakes. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the lifetime structural seismic performance under the effect of wind-induced fatigue considering different sources of uncertainties. The seismic behavior of a high-rise steel-concrete composite frame with buckling-restrained braces (FBRB) during its service life is systematically investigated using the proposed approach. Recorded field data for the wind hazard of Fuzhou, Fujian Province of China from Jan. 1, 1980 to Mar. 31, 2019 is collected, based on which the distribution of wind velocity is constructed by the Gumbel model after comparisons. The OpenSees platform is employed to establish the numerical model of the FBRB and conduct subsequent numerical computations. Allowed for the uncertainties caused by the wind generation and structural modeling, the final annual fatigue damage takes the average of 50 groups of simulations. The lifetime structural performance assessments, including static pushover analyses, nonlinear dynamic time history analyses and fragility analyses, are conducted on the time-dependent finite element (FE) models which are modified in lines with the material deterioration models. The results indicate that the structural performance tends to degrade over time under the effect of fatigue, while the influencing degree of fatigue varies with the duration time of fatigue process and seismic intensity. The impact of wind-induced fatigue on structural responses and fragilities are explicitly quantified and discussed in details.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 프리캐스트 콘크리트(Precast Concrete; PC) 제작공장의 원자재 재고관리를 위한 세 가지 재고관리 정책, 정량 발주 방식, 정기 발주 방식, (s, S) 발주 방식의 성능을 비교·분석한다. 보다 현실적인 결론의 도출을 위해, 복수 원자재를 사용하는 PC 제작공장의 전체 공정을 대상으로 원자재 수요 및 공급 측면의 변동성을 고려하여 개발된 성능평가 도구인 ARENA 시뮬레이션 모델을 활용하였다, 성능 비교를 위해, 먼저 세 가지 재고관리 정책에 대해 경제적주문량(Economic Order Quantity; EOQ)을 초깃값으로 하여 OptQuest를 통해 재주문점, 주문량, 목표수준 및 주문주기 모수를 최적화하였다. 최적화 결과, 수요 및 공급 측면의 변동성을 고려하지 않는 EOQ 방식에 비해 재고관리 비용을 평균 97.28% 감소시킬 수 있었다. 이후, 프로젝트 발생 주기, 원자재 조달기간, 단위 품절비용 등 세 가지 영향 요인을 설정한 후 세 가지 재고관리 정책에 대한 성능 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 실시간 또는 매일 재고수준을 파악하여 주문 시점을 결정하는 정량 발주 방식과 (s, S) 발주 방식의 재고관리 비용이 고정 주문주기를 갖는 정기 발주 방식보다 각각 30.6%와 27.9% 낮게 나타났다. 또한, 재고관리 비용은 프로젝트 발생 주기를 제외한 원자재 조달기간과 단위 품절 비용 요인에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났지만, 그 차이는 2.17%와 2.09%로 수요 및 공급의 변동성 대응을 위한 모수 최적화 과정으로 인해 크지 않았다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2023

리튬 이온 배터리는 사용 환경과 양극재 조합 비율에 따라 배터리의 성능이 좌우된다. 고성능 리튬 이온 배터리를 개발하기 위해서는 양극재 비율을 다양하게 변화시켜가면서 배터리를 제작하고 성능을 측정해야 한다. 하지만 모든 변수 조합에 대해 배터리를 제작하고 성능을 측정하기에는 많은 시간과 비용이 소모된다. 그렇기 때문에 최근에는 데이터 기반으로 인공지능 모델을 활용하여 배터리의 성능을 예측하고자 하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 공개 배터리 데이터는 동일한 배터리로 측정 실험을 하였기 때문에 양극재 조합 비율은 고정되어 있어서 데이터 속성으로 포함되지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 양극재 소재 조합 비율에 따른 배터리의 성능을 예측할 수 있는 인공지능 모델 개발에 필요한 학습 데이터 모델을 정의한다. 우리는 리튬 이온 배터리의 성능에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인을 분석하여 양극재 소재별 질량과 배터리 사용 환경을 입력데이터로, 배터리의 출력과 용량을 목적 데이터로 정의하였다. 공개 배터리 데이터 중에는 양극재 비율이 포함된 데이터가 없어 양극재 비율을 모두 동일한 값으로 설정한 제한된 데이터로 다중 선형회귀 분석, 서포트 벡터 회귀분석, 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석, LSTM 분석을 수행하였다. 실험 환경이 다른 배터리 데이터에서 각각의 배터리 데이터는 고유한 패턴을 유지하였으며, 배터리 분류 모델은 각각의 배터리를 약 2%의 오차로 분류하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.76-79
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• 2005

Bending deformation and energy absorption characteristics of aluminum-composite hybrid tube beams have been analyzed for improvement in the bending performance of aluminum space frame by using experimental tests combined with theoretical and finite element analyses. Hybrid tube beams composed of glass fabric/epoxy layer wrapped around on aluminum tube were made in autoclave with the recommended curing cycle. Basic properties of aluminum material used for initial input data of the finite element simulation and theoretical analysis were obtained from the true stress-true strain curve of specimen which had bean extracted from the Al tube beam. A modified theoretical model was developed to predict the resistance to the collapse of hybrid tube beams subjected to a bending load. Theoretical moment-rotation angle curves of hybrid tube beams were in good agreement with experimental ones, which was comparable to the results obtained from finite element simulation. Hybrid tube beams strengthened by composite layer on the whole web and flange showed an excellent bending strength and energy absorption capability.