• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2022

PURPOSE: A Mat Pilates exercise program and a stretching program were conducted for elderly women to determine how the two interventions affect their autonomic nervous system. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 20 elderly women over 65 who regularly used a welfare center located in C city of Chungnam. The subjects were assigned randomly to the following two groups: 10 people in the breathing and mat Pilates exercise program group (PG) and 10 people in the breathing and stretching program group (SG). RESULTS: The present study design is randomized controlled trial. Vascular age was decreased significantly in the PG (p < .05). The mean stress index was reduced significantly in the PG (p < .05), and the amount of change was significantly larger in the PG than in the SG (p < .05). The health index was significantly lower in the PG than the SG (p < .05), and the amount of change in the PG was significantly more prominent than in the SG (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The Mat Pilates program was effective in improving the vascular age, average stress index, and health index of elderly women. In particular, it was significantly more effective than the stretching exercise program in improving the average stress and health indices.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Background: Most Pilates programs for older adults have been based on mat Pilates, and there has been limited research on Pilates with mini-balls. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of Pilates with mini-balls and mat Pilates interventions on strength, total body endurance, flexibility, and dynamic equilibrium to determine the differences. Methods: The elderly aged 65 or older living in Gyeongsan, Daegu, were divided into two groups, and the experimental group (n=10) conducted a Pilates exercise program using mini balls for 12 weeks, and the control group (n=10) conducted a mat Pilates exercise program for 12 weeks without mini balls. Strength, endurance, flexibility, and dynamic equlibrium were measured as a pre-test, and post-test was performed in the same way after 12 weeks of application. Results: Comparing the mini-ball Pilates group to the mat Pilates group, there was a significant difference (p<.05) in the 'chair sit and reach' after the intervention. In the within-group comparison, there was a significant increase (p<.05) in 'arm curl right', '30-second chair stand', '2-minute walk', 'back scratch', 'chair sit and reach', and '2.44m up and go' in the experimental group using the mini-ball Pilates program. Mat Pilates program significantly increased the within-group comparisons in '30-second chair stand' and 'chair sit and reach' (p<.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that mini-ball Pilates has a positive effect on the senior fitness and will be a good exercise method for using it as an exercise program for the elderly in the future.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.108-117
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• 2020

This study aims to provide basic data for maintaining and promoting health of obese middle-aged women who are interested in various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease by comparing and analyzing the effect on body composition and lipid metabolism through a 12-week Pilates mat exercise program for obese middle-aged women. This study targeted middle-aged women residing in Gyeonggi-do A, who are obese middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s with a body fat ratio of 30% or more, and had no regular exercise in the past three months. Obese middle-aged women(n=19) were divided into two groups, the Pilates mat exercise program group(n=9) and the control group(n=10), conducting exercise for 60 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. As a result of analysis, the exercise group had a positive effect on body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, body fat percentage, and BMI in body composition, but not in the control group. In the lipid metabolism, the exercise group had a positive effect on TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FFA, but not in the control group. These results suggest that the 12-week Pilates mat exercise program conducted in this study is an exercise program that can prevent cardiovascular and chronic diseases in obese middle-aged women.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2012

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pilates mat exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors and inflammation markers in sarcopenic obesity elderly. All subjects were sarcopenic obesity(height for each of the arms, legs, appendicular muscle mass ratio of 1.16kg/m², 4.31kg/m², 5.21kg/m² under and % body fat is more than 30%) elderly performed the pilates mat exercise during 12-week for 60 minutes 3 times a weeks. All subjects of this study were examined the changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors(TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Glucose, Insulin) and inflammation markers(fibrinogen, adiponectin, leptin, CRP). The results of the study in the exercise group were as follows; The weight, % body fat, TC, TG, LDL-C, fibrinogen, CRP had significantly decreased and muscle mass, HDL-C, adiponectin had significantly increased. And also, pilates mat exercise can effective to improve sarcopenic obesity, and pilates mat exercises performed coy shrink obesity to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory response indicators of older women as old man's physical features of the deterioration of the prevention of obesity and muscle strength loss, causing the effective exercise method is meant to be.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bridging stabilization exercise on balance ability and gait performance in elderly women. The subjects of this study were thirty-one elderly women over 65 years old in HongSung-Gun Senior Citizen Welfare Hall. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups (trunk stabilization exercise on the mat, whole body vibration, and Swiss ball) and participated in each exercise program three times a week for 4 weeks. Each exercise began in the bridging position. The dynamic balance and gait were measured by limit of stability area using force plate, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). The results were as follows: 1) The limit of stability in three groups increased significantly in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral lean after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the limit of stability among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). 3) The BBS and TUG in three groups increased significantly after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 4) There were significant differences among three groups in BBS. Post-hoc test showed that Swiss ball exercise group was significantly higher than the mat and whole body vibration groups. 5) There were no significant differences TUG among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). In conclusion, this study suggested that 4 weeks of the bridging stabilization exercises were effective on balance and gait in all three groups. Particularly Swiss ball exercise group showed higher improvement than two other exercise groups (mat, whole body vibration group).

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

This study is to identify the effects of pilates mat exercise on the body composition, lumbar muscle strength, low back pain and pregnancy stress in pregnant women. In order to carry out this study, nineteen pregnant women were divided into two groups: pilates mat exercise group (n=11) and control group (n=8). EXE group performed pilates mat exercise for 60 min per day, 2days/week for 12 weeks. Our results showed that there was no significant changes in total body water, body fat mass, BMI, body fat percent, and BMR, but the EXE group showed significant increase in skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, EXE group was significantly increased in hip extension and lumbar extension ROM. Analysis of low back pain and pregnancy stress level showed no significant difference between group. In conclusion, our study suggest that pilates mat exercise can be safely applied to pregnant women by increasing the muscle mass of pregnant women and by showing a positive effect on the lumbar muscle strength.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2013

PURPOSE : This study aims to investigate the positive correlation in pre-post test design between squat exercise on different baseform and the static/dynamic balance ability enhancement in adults. METHOD : This clinical study was designed into three different random-sampling adult groups (flat, balanced, vibration exercise device) and performed squat exercise. The static/dynamic balance ability was measured prior to the intervention and vice-versa. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. RESULT : 1) After the intervention, the controlled mat group in mCTSIB has showned the minimal mean value and the variation regards as acceptable by statistic value. 2) After the intervention, The mean value of LOS shows the minimal average variation in Randomised Trials, but the other two trials shows the maximal fluctuation. The difference variation regards as acceptable statistic value. 3)After the intervention, the mean value of mat group measrued as the maximal results, the difference variation regards as acceptable statistic value. 4)The striking correlation difference at mCTSIB has found in the vibration device exercise group, but LOS and Rhythmic W-S showed the correaltion in Mat group. CONCLUSION : The study found the positive correlation that enhanced balance ability on the different dynamic baseform squat exercise than static baseform environment. The significant difference found the balance pad squat effects on developing balance ability and the correlationship regards as statistically significant value.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercises program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during four types of exercises using a sling and a mat. Twenty healthy males were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Exercise 1 was performed in a quadruped position with the subjects lifting the left arm and the opposite leg on the mat. Exercise 2 was performed in a prone position while holding a sling with the right hand and the left knee was fully extended while lifting the left arm and right leg. Exercise 3 was performed in quadruped position while holding a sling with one the right hand and lifting the opposite arm and leg. In exercise 4, subjects were instructed to maintain a balance push-up position while holding slings with both hands in 10 cm forward reaching with extended elbows. Electromyographic(EMG) activities were recorded from the multifidus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal rectus, and erector spinalis muscles during the exercises. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle. Repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used to compare the differences in the muscle activity according to the types of exercise. The EMG amplitudes of all the muscles were significantly different according to the types of exercises (p<.05). The highest EMG activities of each muscle was as follow; multifidus was 73.38%MVIC in exercise 3, the erector spinalis was 40.03%MVIC in exercise 3, the external oblique was 135.88%MVIC in exercise 4, the internal oblique was 128.60%MVIC in exercise 4, and the rectus abdominalis was 95.24%MVIC in Exercise 4. The types of exercises showed a significant difference in composition rate of EMG amplitudes of each muscle (p<.05). EMG composition rate of the multifidus was high in exercise 1 and 3. However, EMG composition rates of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominals were high in exercise 2 and 4. These results showed differences in EMG activities of muscles contributing to trunk stabilization during different therapeutic exercises. Therefore, the type of exercise should be carefully selected to effectively strengthen a specific trunk stabilizer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training using a training mat on the postural balance of the elderly individuals. Methods: Thirty-five participants were selected from a falling prevention class and were randomly allocated to two groups; 17 in an exercise group (EG, $72.7{\pm}5.1$ years) and 18 in the control group ($74.9{\pm}4.0$ years). The EG underwent balance training using training mats for 60 minutes a day, 2 days a week, for 4 weeks. Postural balance parameter (timed up and go test, functional reach test, and one leg standing) were measured pre- and post- training. Results: The EG showed significant improvements in all variables that were analyzed. Conclusion: This study confirmed that balance training using a training mat effectively improves the postural balance in elderly people at risk for falling.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mat activities in PNF on improvement of balance performance in stroke patients. Methods : Included 12 persons with stroke who were living in the community. They participated in exercise class for 60minutes duration three times a week for 6 weeks. Mat activities in PNF program was modified PNF patterns and techniques on various posture. Balance indexes were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up by K.A.T.3000. Results : Balance index scores had larger improvements after 6 weekends of treatment(p<.05) than pre-treatment, also follow-up test(p<.05). Conclusion : The result of this study showed that PNF mat activities intervention can improve balance performance in disabled persons after stroke.