• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

A basic study for the development of a disk type oil skimmer for a tank lorry, compares via experiments to the oil recovery differences by material between the existing oil skimmer disk and several discs which oil adhesion are possible. The experiment results in this study are summarized as follows: In all the disks, the mass of recovery of bunker-A oil was greater than light oil. In light oil, there was nearly no differences in the mass of oil recovery by disk material, but in the case of bunker A oil, recovery efficiency showed big differences depending on the disk materials. For light oil, the differences in the mass of oil recovery per unit of operation time from the initial time zone were hardly shown. However, the mass of recovery of bunker-A oil linearly increased from the initial operation time in all the disks and the increase shaped a slow moving trend as time went on; therefore, the mass of oil recovery per unit of operation time showed differences depending on time. This result shows that oil viscosity has an effect on the disk recovery efficiency. When comparing the mass of pure oil recovery and the mass of water recovery in the total mass of recovery by bunker-A oil, there was no difference in the mass of oil recovery between the window-aluminum material disk and the disks consisting of other materials, but the mass of water recovery of the former was relatively very small. This shows the most ideal result in view of oil recovery efficiency that considers the mass of water recovery. In conclusion, it was found that aluminum is the most advantageous as the material for tank lorry oil skimmer disk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.11 no.2 s.23
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

For the development of a disk type oil skimmer for a tank lorry, a basic study on comparison of oil recovery performance between disk materials of oil skimmer was conducted. The experiment results are summarized as follows: In all the disks, the volume of recovery of bunker-A oil was greater than diesel oil. In light oil, there was nearly no differences in the volume of oil recovery by disk material, but in the case of bunker A oil, recovery efficiency showed big differences depending on the disk materials. For diesel oil, the differences in the volume of oil recovery per unit of operation time from the initial time zone were hardly shown. However, the volume of recovery of bunker-A oil linearly increased from the initial operation time in all the disks and the increase showed a slew moving trend as time. went on; therefore, the volume of oil recovery per unit of operation time showed differences depending on time. This result shows that oil viscosity has an effect on the disk recovery efficiency. When comparing the mass of pure oil recovery and the volume of water recovery in the total mass of recovery by bunker-A oil, there was no difference in the volume of oil recovery between the window-aluminum material disk and the disks consisting of other materials, but the volume of water recovery of the former was relatively very small This shows the most ideal result in view of oil recovery efficiency that considers the volume of water recovery. In conclusion, it was found that aluminum is the most advantageous as the material for tank lorry oil skimmer disk.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

The present study deals with the determination of optimal values of operating parameters such as the temperature of heating, the mass of the plant material and the volume of water leading to the best yield of electromagnetic induction (EMI) heating extraction of Algerian Thymus fontanesii essential oil. After an appropriate choice of the three critical variables, eight experiments leaded to a mathematical model as a first-degree polynomial presenting the response function (yield) in the relation to the operating parameters. From the retained model, we were able to calculate the average response, the different effects and their interactions. The maximum of essential oil recovery percentage relative to the initial mass of plant material was 1.69%, and was obtained at ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L). The chemical composition of the Algerian T. fontanesii essential oil under the obtained optimal conditions ($140^{\circ}C$, 250 g and 4.5 L), determined by GC/MS and GC/FID, reveled of the presence of major components such as: carvacrol ($70.6{\pm}0.1%$), followed by p-cymene ($8.2{\pm}0.2%$).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

The total hydrocarbon distribution of oil products obtained from the pyrolysis of four kinds of mixtures of polyethylene-polystyrene waste has been studied by multidimensional chromatography(high performance liquid chromatography followed by capillary gas chromatography)/mass spectrometry. Saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in oil products were selectively pre-separated according to structural groups by HPLC and the weight fraction of each group was estimated by analysis of each component using GC-FID response factors. The hydrocarbon distribution of aliphatic fraction consists of $C_{5}$ to $C_{25}$ saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. And that of aromatics fraction consists of benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, propenyl benzene, naphthalene, and some of derivatives. Pyrolysis temperature did not affect the ratio of total weight fraction of aliphatic over aromatic hydrocarbon distribution in case of PS only and PE-PS mixtures (1:1 and 1:4 wt. ratio) as a feed while affected the ratio of total wt. fraction in case of PE only. The optimal temperature for the maximum oil production was $600^{\circ}C$ for pyrolysis of PS and 1:1 and 1:4 mixtures of PE and PS. The optimal condition for aromatic recovery was $600^{\circ}C$ with 1:1 mixture of PE and PS. In this condition, aromatic was produced up to 90% of total oil product. The maximum yield of toluene, xylene, styrene, and propenyl benzene were 8.6, 8.9, 51.0 and 7.4% of feed for pyrolysis PS at $700^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, only 1.3% naphthalene was recovered at $700^{\circ}C$ with 1:1 PE:PS(by wt.).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.967-972
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• 1997

Recovery of aromatics in extract phase which was obtained by batch equilibrium extraction between light cycle oil(LCO) and dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) solution as solvent was investigated by re-extraction. To select the most suitable re-extraction solvent for recovery of aromatics in extract phase, distribution equilibrium was measured between extract phase and solvents. The solvents used were benzene(B), toluene(T), m-Xylene(mX), n-hexane(Hx) and n-hexane(Hx) and n-Octane(Ot). From the distribution coefficients and yields of aromatics, Hx seemed to be the most suitable. Furthermore, effects of operation parameters for re-extraction of aromatics in the extract phase were studied by batch equilibrium re-extracion with Hx as solvent. Yields of aromatics were found to increase with increasing solvent/feed (extract phase) mass ratio(S/F), while distribution coefficients of aromatics were fixed irrespective of S/F used. Operating temperature did not affect distribution coefficients and yields of aromatics. Distibution coefficients and yields of naphthalene group(carbon numer : 10~12) increased with increasing cabon number. Mass transfer rates of aromatics were also measured with a batch stirred vessel.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2019

As a part of improving the quality for the fraction of the waste plastics pyrolysis oil (WPPO), the recovery of paraffin components contained in the fraction was investigated by dimethylformamide (DMF) equilibrium extraction. The fraction of a distilling temperature of $120{\sim}350^{\circ}C$ recovered from WPPO by the simple distillation and the aqueous solution of DMF were used as a raw material and solvent, respectively. The concentrations of paraffin components ($C_{12}$, $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$ and $C_{18}$) contained in the raffinate decreased by increasing the mass fraction of water in the solvent at an initial state ($y_{w,0}$), whereas, the concentrations of paraffin components contained in the raffinate increased by increasing the mass ratio of the solvent to the feed at an initial state $(S/F)_0$. The concentrations of $C_{12}$, $C_{14}$, $C_{16}$ and $C_{18}$ paraffin components present in the raffinate recovered at $(S/F)_0=10$ were about 1.37, 2.0, 2.46 and 3.16 times higher than those of the raw materials, respectively. Recovery rates (residue rates present in raffinate) of paraffin components rapidly increased with increasing $y_{w,0}$, and decreasing $(S/F)_0$. The raffinate recovered through this study was expected to be used as a renewable energy.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.436-445
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• 2015

Amomi Fructus with anti-oxidative activity was chosen and essential oil was obtained by SDE (simultaneous distillation extraction), and 39 constituents were determined by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Major components were camphor, borneol acetate, borneol, D-limonene and camphene. Three solvent extracts such as hexanes, diethyl ether and methylene chloride from Amomi Fructus were obtained. These were analyzed by GC-MS and 4 more constituents were identified in addition to 39 components discovered in essential oil. Five major components such as camphor, borneol acetate, borneol, D-limonene and camphene were also detected, however the relative peak percents of those components were different from those of constituents in essential oil. To estimate the kind and the amount of materials evaporated at certain temperature and conditions from essential oil and solvent extracts, dynamic headspace apparatus was used and materials evaporated and trapped at certain conditions were analyzed by GC-MS. Recovery yield of SDE method from Amomi Fructus was measured by using camphor and standard calibration solution of camphor methanol solution and, the yield was 82.0%. Content of Hg was measured by mercury analyzer and contents of Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in Amomi Fructus, essential oils and solvent extracts were determined by ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer). Pb, Cd and Hg were measured in the concentration of 0.72 mg/kg, <0.10 mg/kg and 0.0023 mg/kg, respectively and these were below permission level of purity test. Contents of Mn, Cu and Zn in Amomi Fructus were 213 mg/kg, 8.29 mg/kg and 31.0 mg/kg, respectively and which were relatively higher than other metals such as Cr, Co and Ni. Metals such as Mn (0.65 ~ 9.08 mg/kg), Cu (1.16 ~ 4.40 mg/kg) and Zn (1.10 ~ 3.80 mg/kg) in essential oil and solvent extracts were detected. At this point it is not clear that the metals were cross-contaminated in the course of treating Amomi Fructus or metals were contained in Amomi Fructus. The influence evaluation toward biological model study of these metals in essential oil and solvent extracts will be needed.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2016

The quantitative analytical method for the bioactive substance, 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine) and an index compound, ricinoleic acid in castor plant (Ricinus communis) extract or oil was developed. For the determination of a pyridone alkaloid compound, ricinine, successive cartridge cleanup method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography was set up with $ENVI-Carb^{TM}$ (0.5 g) and $C_{18}$ SPE cartridges. Accuracy and precision were evaluated through fortification studies of one biopesticide (PE) at 10 and $100mg\;kg^{-1}$. Mean recoveries of ricinine were 98.7 and 96.0 % associated with less than 10 % RSD, respectively. For the determination of ricinoleic acid in castor extract and oil, saponification and methylation were optimized using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Recovery was more than 84.8 % associated with 6.2 % RSD after derivatization procedure. Both methodologies developed were applied to analyze real samples including three castor oil products and six commercially available biopesticides containing R. communis, collected at Korean market. The contents of ricinine and ricinoleic acid in most commercial biopesticides were less than the oil or extract contents indicated by label.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.12-29
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• 2019

Permeability and its change due to a fluid injection in jointed rock mass is an important factor to be well identified for a safe and successful implementation of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS), Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects which may accompany injection-induced hydromechanical deformation of the rock mass. In this technical report, we first reviewed important issues in evaluating initial permeability using borehole hydraulic tests and numierical approaches for understanding coupled hydromechanical properties of rock mass. Recent SIMFIP testing device to measure these hydromechanical properties directly through in-situ borehole experiments was also reviewed. The technical significance and usefulness of the device for further applications was discussed as well.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.