• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 1993

To find out the optimum conditions for indigo cell culture in air-lift bioreactor, effects of media composition including nutrients and precursors of the indigo colorants on the cell growth and characteristics of the cell growth under various cultural conditions were analyzed. Optimum cultural conditions were tested and the growth characteristics were analyzed in external and internal loop type air-lift bioreactors during 14-day culture. Better cell growth was obtained when the inoculum size was higher in the range of 0.5∼2.5% packed cell volume tested. In the sucrose concentration of 2 to 4%, the cell growth was better when the sucrose concentration was 4% (w/w) in both types of reactors. Sucrose was used up in the early stage of exponential phase of growth At the optimum concentration of a Precursor tryptophan at 1 U UW was 3.8 g/l in internal loop bioreactor, and 3.5 g/l in external one after 14 days of cultivation. Addition of indole showed negative effect on cell growth of suspension culture in air-lift biorector culture and cell mass of 2.5 g/l and 2.2 g/l were obtained in external and internal loop bioreactor, respectively. Selected inorganic nitrogen source potassium nitrate showed about 110% increase in cell growth than that of control. DCW was 16.34 g/l under optimum conditions during 14-day cultivation in internal loop bioreactor.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

A suitable bioreactor culture system for shoot proliferation and bulblet formation of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum Makino was established. Uptake of soluble carbohydrates in different bioreactor culture systems was also analyzed during the entire culture period. Optimal conditions for multiple shoot formation were determined in raft culture (RC) and modified raft culture system (MRC) (13-15 per explant) in which the explants were placed on a net contacting liquid medium. For bulblet formation and enlargement, 93.4％ of shoot clumps formed bulblets at the basal part. Furthermore, they were uniform in size when cultured with ebb & flood system (E&FS). Bulblets harvested from RC and MRC showed vigorous rooting, however, their growth was not uniform. Whereas soluble carbohydrate contents in the bulblets cultured in E&FS were low, starch content was high. Sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations in the medium of E&FS culture system decreased as bulblet formation and enlargement proceeded, suggesting that external sucrose is taken up to by the cells before it is hydrolyzed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 1993

The optimal conditions for operating a moving-aeration bioreactor were determined as 30rpm and 150 (ml/min) of air flow rate, which can yield ca. 7.3 (l/h)of maximum mass transfer coefficient. It was also found that the agitation speed played much much important role than air input rate in oxgen transfer into the medium. $2.6{\times}10^6$ (cells/ml) and 0.6 (ml/l) of maximum cell denisty and IL-2 production were observed in batch cultivation of IL-2 producing BHK cell line. 0.53 (mM/l/h) of oxygen uptake rate was also estimated. The performance of a moving-aeration bioreactor (specific growth rate and oxygen uptake rate, etc.) was superior to other culture systems, such as cell-life and static membrane aeration bioreactors. Ii must be useful to apply this reactor to many culture processes by improving structural limitations in scaling-up the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.46
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• pp.5-16
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the present fashion phenomenon by considering the types of Hiphop that shows the origination background and special feature. Popular music plays the most significant role in this 'age of culture' by its musical and visual methods through mass media. A fashion reflects and represents the culture of it's era. From the early 1990's a new fashion style called 'Hiphop' has become a universal hit among teenagers and even among those in 20s and 30s. As we can see from these points Hiphop fashion has the characteristics of being sporty borderless and genderless. In other words fashion represents individal's unique characters and their culture. This is why the study of fashion trends such as Hiphop is important; becanuse they can give us a series of fascinating insights into all sorts and conditions of men and women in our time : how they view theselves and how they choose to relate to other people whether of their own age or otherwise.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.239-243
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• 2012

Degradation of butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) by the white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and the activities of some degrading enzymes were examined in two different media containing 100 mg/l of the compound. P. ostreatus pre-grown for 7 days in complex YMG medium was able to completely degrade BBP within an additional 24 h but degraded only 35 mg/l of BBP in 5 days of incubation in minimal medium. Fungal cell mass in the culture in YMG medium was higher in the presence than in the absence of BBP. The esterase activity of the fungal culture in YMG medium was higher than that in minimal medium and increased with the addition of BBP. On the contrary, laccase activity was higher in minimal medium and it did not increase upon the addition of BBP. General peroxidase activity increased for a few days after the addition of BBP to both media. The degradation of BBP and its metabolites by P. ostreatus thus may be attributed mostly to esterase rather than lignin-degrading laccase. In addition, the activities of the enzymes involved in BBP degradation and their changes varied significantly in the different media and culture conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.139-142
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• 1998

To obtain informations for construction of a mass culture system, factors affecting on the specific growth rate of marine Chlorella sp. purchased from the Chungmu Laboratory of the South Sea Fisheries Institute, the National Fisheries Research and Development Agency were investigated using a vertical tubular photobioreactor (VT-PBR) system. Optimal temperature, illumination intensity, air- and $CO_{2-}$ flow rate for Chlorella sp. were $20^{\circ}C$, 6,000 lux, 0,56 vvm and 0.028 vvm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 1976

Candida brumptii was one of the best isolates which could grow on alcohol distillation slops (reported in the previous paper). Attempts were made to investigate the cultural conditions for cell mass production by this strain, and the results obtained were as follow. The supernatant of the alcohol distillation slops without dilution support ed better growth of the strain than diluted ones. The addition of ammonium sulfate (0.2%), ammonium phosphate (0.1-0.2%), potassium phosphate (0.2%) to the supernatant resulted in positive effects for the growth, among the various inorganic nitrogen and other salts supplements. BOD and COD of the supernatant were reduced approximately 30% and 20%, respectively in 3 days culture. Cell production was maximized when grown at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0. The yield of cell mass was 1.03% by dry weight and its crude protein content was about 52.65%

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a suitable method for inducing the proliferation of prothallus and producing sporophytes of rock polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.). The prothalli used in all experiments were obtained from spore germination and sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for prothallus propagation were investigated by culturing 300 mg of prothallus in MS ($1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, and $2{\times}$ strength) medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). Fresh weight of prothalli was 4.8 g on $1{\times}$ MS, 4.5 g on $1/2{\times}$ MS and 4.3 g on 1/4 MS medium. To select a suitable soil combination for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was ground with distilled water, spread in five combinations onto different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and then cultivated for 13 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). The results showed that a mixture containing a 2:1 (v:v) ratio of horticultural substrate and perlite, increased sporophyte formation to 462.5 sporophytes per pot (7.5 cm2). The other soil substrates produced from 314.5 to 405.3 sporophytes per pot. Therefore, our results will provide conditions suitable for mass production of Polypodium vulgare L.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.432-436
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the optimal aeration rate for mass propagation of ever-bearing strawberry by bioreactor culture. The aeration rate was treated in four levels: 0.1 vvm (air volume/medium volume/min), 0.2 vvm, 0.3 vvm, and 0.4 vvm. In 0.2 vvm conditions, shoot length was the longest at 9.03 cm in bioreactor culture, leave numbers were 40.4 ea and fresh weight was 6,106 mg. Plant growth rate at 0.2 vvm condition was faster than other treatments. In the aeration condition, 0.2 vvm was most effective to increase aerial part growth and to decrease medium consumption. As the culture periods increased, the fresh weight also increased rapidly. After six weeks of cultivation, shoots were emerged with 10.4 ea per plantlet, resulting in developing a complete plant. As a result, the bioreactor culture system for mass propagation of strawberry is required to continuously supply the air by 0.2 vvm speed and cultivate at least for six weeks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.212-217
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• 2011

A photoautotrophic micropropagation methodology in liquid culture medium has a number of advantages for large-scale propagation of plants. This paper describes an improved system for the mass propagation via somatic embryogenesis of the medicinal plant Kalopanax septemlobus Nakai. Somatic embryo-derived young plantlets of K. septemlobus were cultured either under heterotrophic conditions with sucrose on half-strength MS medium with $30gL^{-1}$ sucrose, under heterotrophic conditions without sucrose, or under photoautotrophic conditions (MS liquid medium without sucrose under forced aeration) for four weeks before transferring the plantlets for acclimatization. Plantlets grown under photoautotrophic conditions had more leaves, higher chlorophyll content, a higher net photosynthetic rate (NPR), and a higher survival rate. The results indicate that the photoautotrophic conditions with a forced ventilation system are effective in enhancing the growth of plantlets and the rate of net photosynthesis. The plantlets grown under photoautotrophic conditions had a high survival rate (92%) upon ex vitro transplantation. Our study shows that autotrophically produced plantlets acclimatize better and sooner upon ex vitro transplantation than conventionally cultured plants.