• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2011

The specific objective of this study was to develop an IRDS (integrated receiver drier subcooling) condenser model for use in a mobile air-conditioning system. A three-zone model based on the desuperheating, two-phase, and subcooling sections of a condenser could be used to estimate the performance with a good accuracy. Overall heat transfer coefficients for each of the three sections, expressed as a function of the air velocity across the condenser and refrigerant mass flow rate and the model using the elemental difference method incorporate calculations to determine the pressure drop, heat performance within the condenser and it includes physical parameters (pass, tube hole size and length) that can be varied to analyze potential design changes without exhaustive experimental efforts. it was found that an accuracy of heat performance was within 5% in case of using the various condensers, the refrigerant pressure drop was predicted within 25% and the pressure drop of air side was well matched with experiment data within 4%.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 2012

Obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. However the presence of the obesity related deranged metabolic profiles varies widely among obese individuals. These individuals, known as 'metabolically healthy obese phenotype (MHO)', despite having excessive body fatness, display favorable metabolic profiles characterized by insulin sensitivity, no hypertension, as well as less dyslipidemia, less inflammation. The purpose of this study was to compare cardiac characterization and clinical profile of MHO and Non-MHO (nonmetabolically healthy obese) subjects in men. We measured treadmill exercise capacity (METs) and maximum blood pressure (BP) in 210 subjects through a medical checkup at J General Hospital. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the modified Adult Treatment Panel III definition criteria. Both MHO and Non-MHO subjects showed statistically significant changes in the left ventricular mass index (P<.001, P<.01, respectively), A-velocity (P<.01, P<.001, respectively), E/A ratio (P<.01, P<.001, respectively), E'-velocity (P<.001, P<.001, respectively), HOMA-IR (P<.01, P<.001, respectively) and maximum systolic BP (P<.01, respectively) compared with the MH-NO (metabolically healthy non obese) subjects. In conclusion, MHO participants were at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and partly metabolic disorder.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.263-264
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• 2012

We present the properties of dust and the near-infrared spectral features in nearby early-type galaxies. The properties of dust are obtained from the AKARI far-infrared all-sky survey diffuse map. The AKARI/IRC is used for the near-infrared spectra. We improve spectral data with the new dark subtraction method on the basis of the knowledge acquired in our laboratory experiments of the engineering-model detector for the IRC. We have succeeded in fitting the continuum by a power-law function and detecting CO and SiO absorption features in early-type galaxy spectra. Comparing the properties of dust and near-infrared spectral features, we find that the power-law slope depends on dust temperature, but not on the dust mass, which suggests that low-luminosity AGNs may contribute to the changes in the power-law slope and dust temperature.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.96-113
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• 1984

It has been appeared since 1979 that the pattern of laver culture changes from household management to entrepreneurial management. The typical entrepreneurial laver culture management (ELCM) can be defined as a management by the floating aquaculturing method and mechanical processing system. Historical studies show that the ELCM could be operated only under the following condintions; \circled1 securing capital, labor and aquaculturing farm. \circled2 Leveling up of technology to combine these resources effectively. \circled3 Realizing its true value of products for good profits. In turning from household mangement to ELCM, there are some obstacles as follows ; \circled1 Uncertainty, which cannot maintein the merit of mass production because the object of laver culture is living in the sea. \circled2 Immaturity of management owing manly to the lower level of technology and scarcity of competent managers. \circled3 Social problems ; lack of aquaculturing farm, overpopulation in fishing villiage, side-job with agriculture etc. For these reasons, there has been household management with overlabor and underconsumption in fishing village. In order that ELCM can enter the stage of maturity, those problems should be solved. Because ef laver industrial inferiority, these can be solved by the support assistance of government. As the required conditions in ELCM are filled by the government policy, ELCM are increased recently in its numbers.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.327-341
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• 2016

This study explores the effective visual resources in the “regularity in chemical reactions” unit of ninth grade science textbooks (2009 revised version). The frequency and role of visual resources were initially examined, and the students’ perceptions of visual resources were investigated. The results of the analysis represented the learning material presentation (68%), motivational categories (14%), guide to inquiry procedures (9%), and inquiry results and summaries (8%). According to the investigation of the students’ perceptions of visual resources, the most effective visual resource for motivation is a photograph depicting physical and chemical changes, such as in bread baking and the most effective for learning material presentations in mass conservation, definite proportion, and stoichiometric concept units were a cartoon, graph, and formula representing stoichiometric phenomena, respectively. The most effective resource for guide to inquiry (experimental) procedures were photographs of both instruments and sequential experiment processes; and in the inquiry results and summary category, incomplete tables and graphs for students to work on themselves. The aims of this research are to increase the usefulness of visual resources in the teaching-learning activity and provide informative supplements for the development and improvement of visual resources, according to the students’ perceptions.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2011

This paper proposes a method for reusing kinematic design data for virtual facilities, Making a virtual model of a facility involves two major activities: geometric design (virtual model visualization) and kinematic design that should be remodeled frequently whenever design changes occur, Conventionally, a virtual model of an automated facility focuses on the design level, which mainly deals with design verification, alternative comparison, and geometric model diagnosis, Although a design level model can be designed with the information of past models from PLM system, a simulation level model is not sufficient utilized to be reused for kinematic design purpose, We propose a method for reusing kinematic information of a past simulation model to cope with this problem, We use the concept or the 'center of mass', which is a point representing the mean position of the matter in a body or system. And we also use comparison method of a boundary box to identity which 3D objects have to be involved from the design model to a link structure that is contained in the simulation model. Because a proposed method only use not a historical approach but a geometrical approach, it is more effective to apply to the field.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.416-429
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• 2011

Most of precedent studies related to hip hop culture and fashion, which have been conducted till now were progressed under only theoretical background of hiphop, not the changed status of hiphop currently. Practical studies explaining the status of hip hop in popular culture, especially, the area of popular fashion are insufficient. Therefore, this study was conducted by focusing on cultural characteristics and musical characteristics by the stream of period, for which concept hip hop is accepted to people currently and which effect it makes on the area of fashion. Especially, the study was progressed by dividing periodical background into before and after the 2000s because there was the most noticeable change for the genre of hip hop in that period. Because of the appearance of 'Alternative hip hop' which is a sub-genre of hip hop music, hip hop music was changed to be more popular. Also, hip hop fashion also showed big changes. Hip hop fashion before 2000s had showed poor conditions, resistance, complex and alienation of them by their fashion. On the other hand, hip hop fashion after 2000s also showed popular characteristics because of high-level environment and social status. This study intended to understand and grasp hip hop as a kind of cultural situation coexisted by many-sided characteristics as well as redefine the changed concept and contents of new hip hop currently.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate changes in the physical, psychosocial and spiritual health of people with mental disorder in community participating in the Integrated Health Care Program (IHCP). Methods: This study applied the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The participants were 37 chronic psychiatric patients who had been clinically diagnosed with mental disorder and visiting a mental rehabilitation center located in S City (17 in the experimental group, and 20 in the control group). The experimental group participated in the IHCP consisting of 24 sessions for eight weeks. Results: After the intervention, only the participants in the experimental group reported significant improvement in physical (body mass, triglyceride), psychosocial (mental symptoms, depression, self-esteem, ability of problem solving), and spiritual wellbeing when compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: These results indicate that IHCP is effective in improving the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual wellbeing of people with mental disorder. Therefore, IHCP developed in this study is considered a useful nursing intervention for raising the comprehensive health level of people with mental disorder in community.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.525-536
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• 2014

Recently, the first generation of mass production of FinFET-based microprocessors has begun, and scaling of FinFET transistors is ongoing. Traditional capacitance and resistance models cannot be applied to nonplanar-gate transistors like FinFETs. Although scaling of nanoscale FinFETs may alleviate electrostatic limitations, parasitic capacitances and resistances increase owing to the increasing proximity of the source/drain (S/D) region and metal contact. In this paper, we develop analytical models of parasitic components of FinFETs that employ the raised source/drain structure and metal contact. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified with the results of a 3-D field solver, Raphael. We also investigate the effects of layout changes on the parasitic components and the current-gain cutoff frequency ($f_T$). The optimal FinFET layout design for RF performance is predicted using the proposed analytical models. The proposed analytical model can be implemented as a compact model for accurate circuit simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.202-214
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• 2015

Stimuli-responsive biomaterials that alter their function through sensing local molecular cues may enable technological advances in the fields of drug delivery, gene delivery, actuators, biosensors, and tissue engineering. In this research, pH-responsive hydrogel which is comprised of dimethylaminoethyl methacylate (DMAEMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was synthesized for the effective delivery of doxorubicin (Dox) to breast cancer cells. Cancer and tumor tissues show a lower extracellular pH than normal tissues. DMAEMA/HEMA hydrogels showed significant sensitivity by small pH changes and each formulation of hydrogels was examined by scanning electron microscopy, mechanical test, equilibrium mass swelling, controlled Dox release, and cytotoxicity. High swelling ratios and Dox release were obtained at low pH buffer condition, low cross-linker concentration, and high content of DMAEMA. Dox release was accelerated to 67.3% at pH 5.5 for 6-h incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, while it was limited to 13.8% at pH7.4 at the same time and temperature. Cell toxicity results to breast cancer cells indicate that pH-responsive DMAEMA/HEMA hydrogels may be used as an efficient matrix for anti-cancer drug delivery with various transporting manners. Also, pH-responsive DMAEMA/HEMA hydrogels may be useful in therapeutic treatment which is required a triggered release at low pH range such as gene delivery, ischemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis.