• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mask-making

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Focused Ion Beam Milling for Nanostencil Lithography (나노스텐실 제작을 위한 집속이온빔 밀링 특성)

  • Kim, Gyu-Man
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2011
  • A high-resolution shadow mask, a nanostencil, is widely used for high resolution lithography. This high-resolution shadowmask is often fabricated by a combination of MEMS processes and focused ion beam (FIB) milling. In this study, FIB milling on 500-nm-thin SiN membrane was tested and characterized. 500 nm thick and $2{\times}2$ mm large membranes were made on a silicon wafer by micro-fabrication processes of LPCVD, photolithography, ICP etching and bulk silicon etching. A subsequent FIB milling enabled local membrane thinning and aperture making into the thinned silicon nitride membrane. Due to the high resolution of the FIB milling process, nanoscale apertures down to 60 nm could be made into the membrane. The nanostencil could be used for nanoscale patterning by local deposition through the apertures.

An Improved Multiple Interval Pixel Sampling based Background Subtraction Algorithm (개선된 다중 구간 샘플링 배경제거 알고리즘)

  • Mahmood, Muhammad Tariq;Choi, Young Kyu
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2019
  • Foreground/background segmentation in video sequences is often one of the first tasks in machine vision applications, making it a critical part of the system. In this paper, we present an improved sample-based technique that provides robust background image as well as segmentation mask. The conventional multiple interval sampling (MIS) algorithm have suffer from the unbalance of computation time per frame and the rapid change of confidence factor of background pixel. To balance the computation amount, a random-based pixel update scheme is proposed and a spatial and temporal smoothing technique is adopted to increase reliability of the confidence factor. The proposed method allows the sampling queue to have more dispersed data in time and space, and provides more continuous and reliable confidence factor. Experimental results revealed that our method works well to estimate stable background image and the foreground mask.

3D digital fashion design utilizing the characteristics of the mask of Nuo, Jiangxi province, China (중국 장시성 누오(儺) 가면의 특성을 활용한 3D 디지털 패션디자인)

  • Liu, Huan;Lee, Younhee
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.455-476
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    • 2022
  • The aim of this study was to develop Jiangxi Nuo masks using 3D digital fashion design technology and suggest various ways to utilize traditional culture based on the characteristics of Nuo masks, a traditional Chinese artifact of intangible cultural significance. The researchers conducted a literature review to gather information about Nuo culture and masks that could represent Jiangxi. Features of the masks were analyzed and classified. The result are as follows. First, the symbolic characteristics of Jiangxi's Nuo masks can be divided into those based on their origin and history, the user's social status, and the notions of primitive beliefs of the chosen people, such as naturism and totemism. Second, Nuo masks' splendid decorations convey meanings such as luck, the bixie, longevity, wealth, and peace in the family. Third, playfulness in mask-making is about dismantling the original form of the mask, re-creating it through application. Fourth, the masks express primitiveness mostly by conserving the wood's original color or material. The initial masks carved to represent images of figures aptly deliver the primitive forms and images of Nuo culture. In this study, Nuo masks were developed and produced using the 3D digital technology CLO 3D by adopting the expressive characteristics and applying design methods such as asymmetricity, exaggeration, and modification. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of creating diverse as well as economical designs through the reduction of production.

A Study on the Change of Masks for Goseong Ogwangdae Play - Before and after the designation of intangible cultural assets- (고성오광대 연희용 탈의 변화 양상)

  • Nam, Jin-A
    • (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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    • no.41
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    • pp.257-284
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    • 2020
  • Goseong Ogwangdae started academic research in the late 1950s and was designated as a national intangible cultural asset in 1964. From the time of the academic survey to the time of designation, it was recorded as using paper masks, but when the recording image was filmed in 1965, it was already changed to wooden masks. In 1960, before being designated as an intangible cultural asset, the number of masks, which was 9 points, gradually increased to 19 points in 1964. It is necessarily included in the leper, Chorani, Malttuki, Cheongbo-Yangyang, Halmi, and Jemilju, but the character of the yangban is not yet clearly differentiated. Hwangbongsa and Sangju appeared as bare faces, and consumption, milling, Cheongbo-Yangyang are used together with Bibi and inspiration. It can be guessed that Bibi was not the appearance of a foreign object with horns as it is now, considering that Bibi and Madangsoi were used together. Since 1965, shortly after the designation, the whole of the Goseong Ogwangdae mask has been changed to a wooden mask. All the characters except for resident, courtyard, and top-of-the-line are wearing masks. Bibi, Hongbaek, and service masks have never appeared until 1964. The Yangban was changed to the closing ceremony with six people in the order of Won-Yangban, Baekje, Heukje, Cheongje, Hongbaek, and Jonggadoryong. Starting in 1969, the mask enters the stable period where the kind is the same as the present. Bibi-Yangban uses both the Won-Yangban and the Jemilju uses the Somu, but all other characters use the individual mask to use a total of 18 masks. The Yangbans are clearly differentiated, and a total of seven Yangban appear. The reason why the change in the type of mask and the expression of material is so large is that the first generation of mask makers died and the tradition of mask production was cut off, but there is also a cause of the extreme change in the environment of the drama that the performers who joined after the designation had to face. Also, it is closely related to the change of the times when the meaning and weight of masking in masking has changed. At that time, the performers were not so tied to the current concept of 'original form' that they preserved the appearance of the designated time. Originally, Goseong Ogwangdae was centered on improvisation dance, not the formalized dance as it is now, and there was a certain fluid aspect in the retelling, so it was flexible in the use of masks even before the designation of cultural assets. Strict rules did not apply in the details, as it was a self-sufficient play by the performers, not an offer event. The form and contents of this fluid play are changed to preparation for the performance while preparing for the folk art contest. As the subject of the contest in self-sufficient play, dance, costumes, and props became more and more colorful as well as dancing, costumes, and props. As a result, participation in the contest brought about changes in the overall performance and changed the mask, which was accepted within the preservation society.

A Development on the Non-Photomask Plate Making Technology for Screen Printing (II) (포토마스크가 필요 없는 스크린 제판 기술 개발(II))

  • Park, Kyoung-Jin;Kang, Hyo-Jin;Kim, Sung-Bin;Nam, Su-Yong;Ahn, Byung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.45-54
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    • 2008
  • We have manufactured a photoresist which has excellent dispersity and good applying property due to 330 cps of viscosity for environment-friendly and economical maskless screen plate making. And the photoresist applied on the screen stretched was exposed with mask by UV-LED light source so we could manufacture the photoresist which proper for the UV light source. And it was developed by air spray with $1.7\;kgf/cm^2$ of injection pressure. Because of the excellence of power and resolution of the UV-LED light sourse, the pencil hardness and solvent resistance of curing photoresist film were excellent as those of conventional photoresist film. Moreover the $100{\mu}m$-width stripe image which has sharp edges was formed. So we confirmed a possibility of dry development process by air spray method.

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Micro-Pattern Machining Characteristics Evaluation of $Si_3N_4$-hBN based Machinable Ceramics Using Powder Blasting Process (파우더 블라스팅에 의한 $Si_3N_4$-hBN계 머시너블 세라믹스의 미세패턴 가공성 평가)

  • 박동삼;조명우;김동우;조원승
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2004
  • Sandblasting has recently been developed into a powder blasting technique for brittle materials. In this study, the machinability of $Si_3N_4$-hBN based machinable ceramics are evaluated for micro - pattern making processes using powder blasting. Material properties of the developed machinable ceramics according to the variation of h-BN contents give a good machinability to the ceramics. The effect of scanning times, the size of patterns and variation of BN contents on the erosion depth of samples without mask and samples with different mask patterns in powder blasting of $Si_3N_4$-hBN ceramics are investigated. The Parameters are the impact angle of $90^{\circ}$, the scanning times of nozzle up to 40, and the stand-off distances of 100mm The widths of masked pattern are 0.1mm 0.5mm and 1mm. The powder used is Alumina particles, WA#600. and the blasting pressure of powder is 0.2MPa. Through required experiments, the results are investigated and analyzed. As the results, the machinability of the developed ceramics increases as the BN contents in the ceramics.

Conservation of The Human Shaped Terra Cotta Mask Excavated from Jungcheon-ri, Jinju (진주 중천리 출토 인두형토기(人頭形土器)의 보존)

  • Lee, Hyunkyoung;Choi, Hyunwook;Lee, Seungli;Gwak, Hongin
    • Conservation Science in Museum
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    • v.14
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    • pp.23-28
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    • 2013
  • This paper aimed to show the whole conservation process of the human shaped terra cotta mask that was excavated from one of construction sites at Jungcheon-ri, Geumsan-myeon, Jinju. This mask was X-rayed to get the correct making techniques and there are 4 holes on the top of the head and each diameter of the 3 holes is exact and the other hole is different from the three. The long and sharp shape of the nose is in trapezoid which was separately made with clay and put on (the face). It's found that there are round grooves each around upper and down lips. (upper in length: 10mm, down in length: 6 mm). All restoring materials and adhesives used for restoration to associate each piece are reversibility materials. According to a few points on buried bones of animals distributed around the sites, holes and grooves on the top of the head, ears and teeth to wear something, it academically presumes that this mask could be possibly used for the group ritual. Especially, the whole procedure from excavation to scientific conservation process resulted to have a special exhibition to give the public new eyes how the exhibition realizes to the public.

Efficient and Low-Cost Metal Revision Techniques for Post Silicon Repair

  • Lee, Sungchul;Shin, Hyunchul
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.322-330
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    • 2014
  • New effective techniques to repair "small" design errors in integrated circuits are presented. As semiconductor chip complexity increases and the design period becomes tight, errors frequently remain in a fabricated chip making revisions required. Full mask revision significantly increases the cost and time-to-market. However, since many "small" errors can be repaired by modifying several connections among the circuit blocks and spare cells, errors can frequently be repaired by revising metal layers. Metal only revision takes significantly less time and involves less cost when compared to full mask revision, since mask revision costs multi-million dollars while metal revision costs tens of thousand dollars. In our research, new techniques are developed to further reduce the number of metal layers to be revised. Specifically, we partition the circuit blocks with higher error probabilities and extend the terminals of the signals crossing the partition boundaries to the preselected metal repair layers. Our partitioning and pin extension to repair layers can significantly improve the repairability by revising only the metal repair layers. Since pin extension may increase delay slightly, this method can be used for non-timing-critical parts of circuits. Experimental results by using academia and industrial circuits show that the revision of the two metal layers can repair many "small" errors at low-cost and with short revision time. On the average, when 11.64% of the spare cell area and 24.72% of the extended pins are added to the original circuits, 83.74% of the single errors (and 72.22% of the double errors) can be corrected by using two metal revision. We also suggest methods to use our repair techniques with normal commercial vender tools.

A Study on the e-Governance Network in the Development Process of Public Mask Applications for COVID-19 (COVID-19 공적 마스크 앱 개발과정에서의 e-거버넌스 네트워크 연구)

  • Lee, Jung-Yong;Lee, Jung-Hyun;Kim, Yong-Hee
    • Informatization Policy
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.23-48
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    • 2021
  • ICT technology development has led to a breakthrough change in government decision making by improving mutual communication between various stakeholders. The formation of ICT-based cooperation network between public organizations and civic tech developers to solve the problem of masks in the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a milestone. The purpose of this study is to examine the properties of e-Governance and analyze the dynamic network structure of the communication process for chat rooms created during the development of public mask apps. First, as a result of the analysis, the possibility of online-based e-Governance can be identified. In addition, the combination of expertise to solve social problems interacted organically within the network. Emotional communication for cooperation between key actors was marked as important for the successful operation of the network.

Developing a clothing and textiles studio course for future home economics teachers using principles of PBL and maker education (PBL과 메이커 교육을 적용한 가정과 예비교사를 위한 의류학 실습 수업 개발)

  • Lee, Yhe-Young
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.134-151
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this research is to develop a clothing and textiles studio course for preservice home economics teachers applying principles of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and maker education to equip future teachers with the ability to nurture creativity among adolescents. The studio course was developed in the following stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. We concluded that the resulting course met the following objectives extracted from the 2015 revised curriculum of home economics subjects: to promote creative and environmentally-friendly fashion design and styling abilities, gain the ability to use makerspace tools, understand flat pattern making and sewing processes, and develop creative thinking, aesthetic sense, and communication skills. Furthermore, the educational effects of PBL and maker education were confirmed through student comments on the course. Students mentioned the practicality of the material in their actual lives along with their enhanced integration of the subject material, self-directedness, aesthetic sense, ability to learn through trial and error, collaboration and communication, and sharing. Based on results from the implementation and evaluation stages, a clothing and textiles studio course should include the following modules: introduction of terms and tools, submission and sharing of clothing reformation and upcycling techniques, introduction to hand sewing, pouch making, heat-transfer printing, 3D printing, mask making, hat making, vest making, and the final team project on fashion styling. It is important for instructors to provide detailed guidelines on selecting personas for styling, looking for available materials, and selecting materials online.