• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.361-401
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• 2021

This paper sets up a two agent small open economy with monopolistically competitive firms and catching up with the Joneses to investigate the labor and capital Laffer curve, taking into account aging population along the line of Auray et al. (2016), Galí and Monacelli (2005), and Trabandt and Uhlig (2011). The paper finds that the higher the market power of firms is, the larger the consumption inequality between asset holders and non-asset holders is in the economy with aging population. It also finds that there is room for government to increase the tax revenue by raising tax rates under the economy with higher markup, as households will work more hours to compensate for their loss of labor income to tax hikes. The expected maximum tax revenue is likely to shrink with progressive taxations, since non-asset holders with additional dividend income work less and consume more. The paper finds that the fiscal multiplier decreases with the degree of progressive redistribution.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the features of private tutoring and its social and economic implications in Eastern European countries. In recent decades, academic attention to private tutoring increased as the expansion of private tutoring has been noticed globally including Europe, Africa and South America. Firstly, this study will investigate the nature and the scale of private tutoring in Eastern European countries which experienced transition to a democratic and market economy. Secondly, it will analyze the growth of private tutoring in the context of education market. Finally, it will consider some issues relating to intervening private tutoring in order to promote the equal opportunity of education in public education provision.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.631-637
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• 2014

Recently, following the application of modular housing techniques to not only residential sector, but also to business sector, the scope of modular housing market b expanding. In the case of other developed countries, such markets are entering into the maturity stage, though the market in Korea is not fully formed yet. Thus, it is difficult to check its trend to estimated mid- to long-term prospects of the market. In this context, the study predicted demand of the modular housing market by using a non-linear prediction model based on time series analysis. To get the prospects for the modular housing market, the quantity of housing supply was estimated based on the estimated quantity of newly built housings, and assumed that a portion of the supplied quantity would be the demand for modular housings. Based on the assumption of demand for modular housings, several scenarios were analyzed and the prospects of the modular housing market was obtained by utilizing the non-linear prediction model.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.21-41
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• 2022

The effect of change in exchange rates on an economy is very important, especially, to a small open economy like South Korea. I explore whether Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have positive influences on exchange rate-pass through import price of import market for fishery products in South Korea. Competition among FTA partners is enhanced after FTAs are effective. I expect that the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through (hereafter, ERPT) into import price of fishery products (in terms of Korea currency) would be reduced since the import market for fishery products in South Korea is an oligopolistic market. Specifically, I investigate two research questions with six South Korea's FTA partners-Norway, Thailand, Peru, U.S., China and Vietnam. First, whether the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through into import price of fishery products from six FTA partners would decrase in the post-FTA era; seconds, the size of reduction has a negative relation with the size of their market share in the import market for fishery products in South Korea if it decreases. The empirical results indicate that the degree of ERPT into import price from other FTA partners than Norway has been reduced after FTA, statistically and significantly; however, I do not find the evidence that the size of reduction is related to their market share. The findings in this study imply that FTAs have negative effects on producers' economic welfare in South Korea's fishery industry by reducing the extent to which are exchange rate pass-through as well as reducing tariff barriers.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-285
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• 2016

This paper analyses the regional financial market of Kyungbuk-East Coast region. The result shows that the credit unions do not do much for easing the credit constraints of small firms in the region. Many papers suggest that it is necessary for them to adhere closely to the regional economy. But they do not do their best to collect borrowers' private informations. Instead they rely on the credit scoring system to assess their creditworthiness and require collaterals to reinforce their weak credits. That is the real root of weak competitiveness of credit unions. To overcome such a problem they need to actively participate in the development of the regional economy, bearing in mind the cooperative principles, especially commitment for the community. On the other hand the government should contrive plans to foster them. When they function actively the regional financial market will become efficient and the regional economy grow smoothly.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2021

For twenty years, in the EU there has been a trend of a lack of maritime infrastructure and a redundance of the road one, which has a negative impact on the economy. The intermodal transport market structure in the EU has not changed over the past ten years. The stability of transport systems due to the lack of changes in the transport market remains under threat, affecting supply chains and networks through the optimization of warehousing and transportation costs. The research methodology is based on a quantitative assessment of cause-and-effect relations between economic growth and transport and logistics in the EU. A statistical analysis of security indicators, intermodal and modal transport, international trade in goods within the EU and in the world trade in goods, the dynamics of GDP of the EU countries, the level of openness of the EU economy, investment and maintenance costs of different modes of transport and infrastructure has been carried out. The results show that in 2000- 2010 there were positive changes in the transport and logistics infrastructure of the EU, which had a positive effect on trade, openness of the economy of the EU, GDP growth. However, at that time, negative effects of environmental impact and the load on road and rail transport were accumulating. Investment in different modes of transport is limited, and technical maintenance and infrastructure maintenance costs form a significant part of GDP of the EU. A slowdown in economic growth leads to budget constraints and infrastructure financing gap. As a result, the freight and passenger intermodal and modal transport market structure remains virtually unchanged. The load on rail and road transport remains stable, despite the reduced level of transport hazards. Transport productivity has declined over the past ten years. Herewith, the intensification of trade and the openness of the EU economies require constant modernization and innovative renewal. The EU policy in this direction remains normative, uncontrolled, which is reflected in investment differences within the EU and maintenance costs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.129-135
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• 2022

This study aims to identify the factors supporting and inhibiting the digitalization of blue economy MSMEs in Bitung, Indonesia. The literature shows little research on digitalization related to the blue economy in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia. This indicates that there is a large research gap related to digitalization and the blue economy in the Indonesian context. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires with open-ended questions to blue economy MSMEs. Data was also obtained from in-depth interviews with representatives of Aruna, an Indonesian company that focuses on simplifying the supply chain of fishery products by connecting small-scale fishers to the global market through technology. According to the study's findings, two primary factors-motivation to develop their business and efforts to maintain seller-buyer interaction-support SMEs' use of technology in the blue economy. However, digital literacy and technological infrastructure, such as the internet network, are the two main factors that become obstacles in the effort to digitize MSMEs in the blue economy. The role of the government is also a contingent factor that can strengthen the relationship between factors that support digitization and weaken the relationship between factors that hinder digitalization.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.127-139
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• 2022

Purpose: As sharing economy is becoming increasingly relevant to people's lives, we want to understand why people participate in the sharing economy. We propose and validate three factors that are likely to influence consumers' choice of participating in the sharing economy at distribution market. Also, we found antecedents that affect these variables. These antecedents include appointment and return convenient, extended operating time, variety-seeking need, usage irregularity, other's clean usage, and feeling of membership between users. Research design, data, and methodology: This research collected 341 questionnaire data from participants in China. These participants were asked about the usage of DiDi, the most popular shareware in China. The data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS and Amos. Results: Usage convenience, usefulness of short-term usage, and trust in other users were found to have a positive impact on consumers' intention to participate in the sharing economy. In addition, we found that all the antecedents affect these variables positively. Conclusions: This research provides new driving factors for consumer participation in the sharing economy. Moreover, these findings will help managers develop marketing strategies for inducing the consumers to participate in the sharing economy.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.12-37
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• 2017

The analysis of results of the market of loans granted to legal entities, the physical persons are provided in the work. The assessment of condition of industry segments of the market of the credits of legal entities is carried. The results of assessment of the market of the credits of physical persons by types of the granted loans are provided. The correlation and regression analysis on the industry segments of crediting of legal entities is carried out. The dynamics of development of debt on the industry segments of crediting is determined. The results show that: Hypothesis 1. The amount of the issued credits to the legal entities steadily in-creases on all industries of economy. Communication between the industry segments of market very high. Hypothesis 2. Crediting of physical persons is characterized by relative stability. The structure of overdue debt repeats the structure of the issued credits to the physical persons.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2020

Recently, ESG bond issuance has been gradually spreading to banks and non-financial private companies in Korea. However, the Korean ESG bond market is still in its infancy in terms of size, diversity and investor base compared to the global ESG bond market. In other words, ESG bonds are rapidly forming in the global market, but are still in the formation stage in the domestic market, and various policy and practical measures such as system, incentives, and infrastructure are needed to activate them. In this paper, we examine the domestic and international status of ESG bonds in relation to responsible investment. In addition, this paper explores specific measures to revitalize the domestic ESG bond market in four aspects: establishing ESG bond standards, procedures and regulations, increasing ESG bond investment demand, increasing ESG bond issuance, building market infrastructure and market efforts. This study is expected to contribute to the development of the domestic ESG bond market and responsible investment.