• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

Background: The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is increasing recently, but medical management for GERD has many limitations. Therefore, variable surgical treatments have been introduced. Material and Method: A retrospective study was done in 10 patients who underwent the Belsey Mark IV operation at Korea university Guro hospital between 1996 and 2001. Preoperative diagnoses were hiatal hernia with gasroesophageal reflux in 8 patients and achalasia in 2 patients. Result: Mean age of the patients was 54.3$\pm$19.0 years. Belsey Mark IV operation was performed on patients where preoperative medical failed and mean hospital days were 13.1$\pm$2.6 days. We routinely practiced follow-up endoscopy on postoperative 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months. After remission for reflux and esophagitis, they were transferred to internal medicine department. Six patients of hiatal hernia with reflux (one patient who lost follow-up and the other patient who didn't practice the follow-up endoscopy due to short postoperative follow-up period were excluded) had lowered endoscopic gradings and two patients of achalasia did not complained of reflux symptoms, postoperatively. We experienced 10% operation failure rate. Conclusion: We experienced satisfactory operation results with Belsey Mark IV in hiatal hernia with GERD and achalasia patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.583-594
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to perform the fetal education effectively for the delivered woman and her husband. This study was conducted by the questionnaire survey on 199 delivered women and their 171 husbands at several hospitals located in Seoul and Kyonggi Province from February 28 to March 26, 2002. The contents of questionnaire included the purposes, the cognition and the practice of fetal education. The SAS program was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The character of subject was analyzed by the percentage. The difference between the cognition and practice of fetal education was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank sum test. The factor analysis affected on the practice of fetal education was adopted by Multiple regression. The results were as follows; 1. In the purpose of fetal education, the well- balanced emotion showed the highest mark. The cognition of fetal education(woman:$4.39{\pm}0.52$, husband:$3.88{\pm}0.70$) and the practice (woman:$3.88{\pm}0.60$, husband:$3.83{\pm}0.70$) showed the relatively high mark, but the score of cognition showed higher than that of practice. 2. In the comparison of the cognition between the delivered woman and the husband for the fetal education the item of the mental or health state would affect unborn baby, which occupied the highest mark in both woman and the husband(woman:$4.81{\pm}0.44$, husband:$4.81{\pm}0.50$). But they were prohibited to eat the deformed food, which showed the lowest mark(woman:$3.19{\pm}1.12$, husband:$3.21{\pm}1.29$). 3. In the comparison of the practice for the fetal education between the delivered woman and the husband, the practice for the healthy baby showed the highest mark in woman ($4.51{\pm}0.71$), which had a statistically significant difference(P=0.025), compared with that of the husband($4.13{\pm}0.99$). 4. In the comparison of cognition and practice for the fetal education, the general character was associated with the duration of marriage, the satisfaction with marriage and the support of husband on pregnancy. The mark was associated with the age of woman, the level of education and the first birth. 5. The significant factors influencing on the practice for the fetal education were connected with the cognition of fetal education, age, satisfaction with marriage, the support of husband on pregnancy, the type of family, the experience of delivery and the state of health during the period of pregnancy. etc. In conclusion, it is indicated to make effort for transforming and developing the traditional fetal education in accordance with the modern fetal education. And it is suggested that the fetal education might be recognized by all members of family, and the importance of husband's role for the fetal education should be informed as well as that of woman's.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.482-497
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• 2018

This study would investigate the impacts of coffee shop companies' mecenat activity on identification, corporate image, love mark and loyalty. For sampling, an investigator who visited the coffee shops in person conducted surveys with customers. 800 copies were distributed for 11 days from May 23 through June 2, 2018, and excluding unreliable questionnaires from the collected questionnaires, 711 copies were used in the final analysis. As a result of the analysis, it turned out that the higher social contribution, purity, public interest and preference, the higher identification became. Also, the higher social contribution, public interest and preference, the higher corporate image became. On the other hand, it turned out that purity had a negative (-) impact on the corporate image. It turned out that purity and preference had positive impacts on the love mark, while did not affect social contribution, while public interest had a negative (-) impact on that. It turned out that identification had a positive impact on the corporate image, and identification and corporate image had positive impacts on the love mark. Also, identification, corporate image and love mark had positive impacts on loyalty. It is expected that the above research result would provide practical implications for coffee shop companies' marketing techniques in the future, and further, it is judged that it would play a positive role in the quality of life of consumers who experience coffee shop companies' mecenat activity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

Korean biopharmaceutical industry is a high value-added industries of the country as a key business strategy of the country. The overseas market is accelerating rapidly due to drug demand according to population aging, new drug R&D investment performance visualization, changes in biopharmaceutical R&D center, strategic foreign technology exports, and the active support of government. Therefore, the domestic pharmaceutical companies also should enhance the competitiveness as global pharmaceutical companies and need to build the image of their own company that can be trusted by consumers. This study compared and analyzed visual characteristics shown in the CI symbol mark and age-specific preferences of domestic pharmaceutical companies recognizing the importance of CI as a marketing tool. As a result, preference for the symbol mark had been shown to be significantly higher preference of the old logotype as the age group is higher being proportional to awareness. In addition, the picture-type symbol mark was totally preferred rather than the word mark. Among the picture-type symbol mark, the form of the nature was strongly preferred rather than abstract form. The company also requires a sense of responsibility for recognizing changes in the mass to the globalization. It is hoped that this study will help to develop symbol mark direction as the basis for the identity strategies to improve the image of domestic pharmaceutical companies with global competitiveness.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare color correspondence of different sizes of Vita Mark II$^{(R)}$ and TriLuxe$^{(R)}$ Feldspar blocks. Methods: The three commercially available shades(1M2, 2M2, 3M2) of Mark II & TriLuxe blocks for the CEREC$^{(R)}$ CAD/CAM system were examined. For each of three colors, three different sizes were tested, 5 blocks each. The measurements were made using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere using the CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ colorimetric system. Results: The $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ value of Vita Mark II$^{(R)}$ ceramic block showed significantly higher than TriLuxe$^{(R)}$ ceramic block(p<0.05). In comparing the Vita Mark II$^{(R)}$ specimen of the three different shade, color differences between materials(${\Delta}E^*$) showed the lowest value of 2.09, and the highest was 2.24. ${\Delta}E^*$ values of the materials of Vita Mark II$^{(R)}$ were higher than 2. As the size of ceramic block differed, the color correspondence of Vita Mark II$^{(R)}$ showed statistically significant difference but, this result is clinically acceptable. Conclusion: All the different sizes of the different shades of Vita TriLuxe$^{(R)}$ blocks for the CEREC$^{(R)}$ system showed the high degree of color correspondence necessary in industrially prefabricated CAD/CAM blocks. The results of the present study suggested that it would be necessary to establish the reproducible and constant color specification system for an esthetic restoration.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

The demand of liquified natural gas is increasing due to environmental issues. This reason has resulted in increasing the capacity of liquified natural gas cargo tank. The Mark-III type primary barrier directly contacts liquified natural gas. Also, the primary barrier is under various loading conditions such as weight of liquified natural gas and sloshing loads. During a ship operation, various loads can cause fatigue failure. Therefore, the fatigue life prediction should be evaluated to prevent leakage of liquified natural gas. In the present study, the fatigue analysis of insulation system including primary barrier is performed using a finite element model. The fatigue life of primary barrier is carried out using a numerical study. The value of principle stress and the location of maximum principle stress range are calculated, and the fatigue life is evaluated. In addition, the effects on the insulation panel status and the arrangement of knot or corrugation are analyzed by comparing the fatigue life of various models. The insulation system which has best structural performance of primary barrier was selected to ensure structural integrity in fatigue assessment. These results can be used as a design guideline and a fundamental study for the fatigue assessment of primary barrier.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.518-528
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• 2013

A number of schools have introduced the Reward and Punishment Mark System. It has been applied to children at school in order to minimize the ill effects that are often caused by physical punishment. In this case, teachers have caused problematic issues in the course of student life guidance at school. However, the application of the personal Reward and Punishment Mark System raises many other questions as well. Accordingly, there is the necessity of making up for its weak points on the systematic level. The purpose of this study is to understand the Effect of the Collective Reward and Punishment Mark System, as a substitute punishment to the physical punishment, applying the reward and punishment mark system not to an individual but to a group. The Collective Reward and Punishment Mark System for the upper grade students of primary schools showed a positive effect which assists their adaptation to school. To put it more concretely, according to the characters of the study subjects, the system has proved that boy students are more positively affected than girl students. It has been also revealed that those students in the fourth grade experience a positive change in all areas of the adaptation to school, while those in the fifth and the sixth grade were negatively affected. Moreover, those who hold a lower rank in respect of grade achievement experienced a more positive change than those standing among a high rank. It is expected that the Effect of the Collective Reward and Punishment Marks System, on the basis of the study, possesses affirmative intervention on the field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.786-792
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• 2010

This paper presents a real-time lane detection method which can accurately find the lane-mark boundaries in complex road environment. Unlike many existing methods that pay much attention on the post-processing stage to fit lane-mark position among a great deal of outliers, the proposed method aims at removing those outliers as much as possible at feature extraction stage, so that the searching space at post-processing stage can be greatly reduced. To achieve this goal, a grid-based morphology operation is firstly used to generate the regions of interest (ROI) dynamically, in which a directional edge-linking algorithm with directional edge-gap closing is proposed to link edge-pixels into edge-links which lie in the valid directions, these directional edge-links are then grouped into pairs by checking the valid lane-mark width at certain height of the image. Finally, lane-mark colors are checked inside edge-link pairs in the YUV color space, and lane-mark types are estimated employing a Bayesian probability model. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in identifying lane-mark edges among heavy clutter edges in complex road environment, and the whole algorithm can achieve an accuracy rate around 92% at an average speed of 10ms/frame at the image size of $320{\times}240$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2004

국내 TRIGA Mark II&III 및 우라늄 변환시설 해체시 다량의 금속폐기물 발생이 예상되며, 현재 이러한 저준위 방사성 금속폐기물을 처리, 재활용하는 기술들에 대한 연구가 국$\cdot$내외적으로 활발히 수행 중에 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 해체시 발생하는 금속폐기물의 효율적인 감용 및 재활용에 관한 국내외 처리 기술을 검토하여 국내 TRIGA Mark II&III 및 우라늄 변환시설에서 발생하는 해체 금속폐기물의 처리 방안을 수립하기 위한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.815-820
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• 2001

확장된 마크흐름선도(EMFG: Extended Mark Flow Graph)는 이산 시스템을 설계할 수 있는 강력한 도구일 뿐만 아니라 시스템을 직접적으로 구현하기 위한 적당한 표현이다. 본 논문에서는 EMFG의 동작 해석 알고리즘을 개선하여 시간 트랜지션이 존재하는 EMFG의 동작을 분석하고자 한다. 이를 통해 시스템의 분석 및 설계가 용이하며 컴퓨터를 이용한 자동화 시스템의 분석과 설계가 가능하다.