• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.906-911
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• 2004

In order to evaluate estrogenic compounds in natural products, an in vitro detection system was established. For this system, the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was stably trans-fected using an estrogen responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plas-mid yielding MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells. To test the estrogenic responsiveness of this in vitro assay system, MCF7/pDsCAT-ERE119-Ad2MLP cells were treated with various concentrations of 17f3-estradiol. Treatments of 10$^{-8}$ to 10$^{-12}$ M 17$\beta$-estradiol revealed significant concentration dependent estrogenic activities compared with ethanol. We used in vitro assay system to detect estrogenic effects in Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts. Treat-ment of 500 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Puerariae radix extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 4- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. Treatment of 500, 50, and 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of Ginseng radix Rubra extracts increased the transcriptional activity approximately 3.2-,2.7, and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with the ethanol treatment. These observations suggest that Puerariae radix and Ginseng radix Rubra extracts have effective estrogenic actions and that they could be developed as estrogenic supplements.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2007

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and 4 Vibrio spp.(V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. harveyi and V. ordalii) were isolated from the diseased olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus. The isolates were tested on the pathogenicity in vitro. The properties of extracellular products(ECPs) were investigated with enzymatic activities, hemolytic activities toward the sheep and olive flounder erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity activities on the cell-line. And potential signal transduction pathways of the bacterial internalization were detected by using signal transduction inhibitors. P. damselae was high in phospholipase activity, hemolytic activity to olive flounder erythrocytes and cytotoxicity activity. And P. damselae had diversified internalizing pathways as compared to isolated vibrios. Therefore, these activities may be related with pathogenicity of P. damselae.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 2016

Ginseng, a Korean native herb, has been a symbol of mystic cure-all which provides longevity benefits throughout Korean history. According to Chinese historical records, a major source of wild ginseng has been described as Korean peninsula, which is the most suitable ginseng production area, and the Manchu region near Mt. Baekdu and the Maritime Province. Since Tang dynasty period (618-917 CE), Chinese has also called ginseng as "Goryeo Ginseng", which is named after "Goguryeo" (37 BCE-668 CE), an ancient kingdom of Korea, from which they mainly imported the herb as the region was famous for its high quality of ginseng. To date, it refers to Korean ginseng. This study compares the medicinal properties of ginseng as stated in the ancient Korean medical books with the major Korean historical records regarding the usage of ginseng and its symbolism of longevity in everyday life. By contrasting these findings, we tried to figure out how the actual medicinal properties of ginseng and the anticipation of longevity are related. It was confirmed that the expectations about longevity were widely applied to everyday life. In addition, the study investigates the various usage of ginseng as a motive for decorative patterns and as an ingredient for daily products including snacks, health drinks, various types of food, clothing patterns, and so on. Finally, the usage of ginseng ingredients in the cosmetic products fulfilled the desire of Korean people to purchase, showing the aesthetic recognition and medicinal understandings about the herb. These findings suggest that ginseng is an important medicinal agent that not only symbolizes longevity and good health but also has a great influence on the lives of Koreans.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.449-461
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study to explore factors consumers prioritize when purchasing seafood online. The originality of the study lies on adopting AHP-based approach in analyzing prioritized purchasing factors of seafood online. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was conducted targeting Korean consumers who have purchased seafood online. AHP method was applied to rank factors consumers prioritize before making decision. Findings - First, product's factor ranked first among other high level factors including delivery service, seller, online platform. Second, sanitation, taste, country of origin ranked first, second, third respectively, within product's factors. Third, safe delivery, timeliness, information accuracy ranked first, second, third respectively, within delivery factors. Fourth, consumer reviews, consumer response ability, promotion ranked first, second, third within seller factors. Fifth, Personal information management system, credibility, user-friendliness ranked first, second, third, within online platform factors. Research implications or Originality - To activate seafood online market, it is crucial to assure consumers that the seafood is well managed in a sanitary way from the production site to table. Existing government programs such as seafood traceability system, HACCP, and cold-chain infrastructure needs improvement. Due to highly perishable characteristic of seafood, delivery factors matter when purchasing online. Online platforms needs to continue to improve delivery service. Seafood products are mostly not branded and without objective information about their properties. Creating quality classification and seafood brands are likely to help consumers chose seafood online.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

This study represents a fundamental research for a passenger-ship escape guidance system that is a ship-borne agent, and it is for the support of escape decision-making by providing accurate maritime safety information in real time. We conducted a passenger escaping experiment on a training ship, SAEYUDAL, using the situation-aware escape guidance system, which has been developed for on-board application based on products for buildings. It is shown that the system contributes to the shortening of the escape duration and the dispersion of the escaping persons by generating and guiding the safe escape routes which dangerous areas are considered. From the experiment on ship's heeling condition, it is revealed that the heeling angle is linearly related to the escape duration. Therefore, this study shows that the shortening of the escape duration enables a safe and rapid mustering that is the most important process under emergency and appropriate incident responses to minimize loss of lives.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.291-305
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• 2009

As you known well, Ulsan port is very famous for handling chemical products which occupies about 80% of quantities of all Korean ports. Many ship's operators prefer to handle liquid cargo es at proper anchorages instead of the berth for saving port expenses. Ulsan M-10 anchorage was assigned for handling liquid cargoes, however this anchorage's space is restricted by the oil pipeline which lays under seabed about 400m off from the center of M-10 anchorage, for which we have to consider of the external force and counter force for keeping the safety of anchoring. Where, external force is induced by wind, tidal currents and wave while counter force is induced by holding power of anchor/chain. In this study, author evaluated a method to analyze theoretically the limit of external force condition up to which an anchoring ship can keep her position without dragging, and for which applied to many kinds of combined Ships as mother ship of 50,000 DWT Tanker and 4 sizes of Tanker as alongsided ship.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.276-280
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• 2018

This paper has developed a forging process for conical shells for making aluminum cylindrical large shells. An incremental forging process was applied to reduce forging loads and die cost. The preform is designed based on the crosssectional area of the final forged shape. Inner diameter of the preform for mandrel forging is constant, and outer diameter is conical so that it matches the cross-sectional area of the product. However, simulation confirmed that the larger diameter is smaller than predicted and the length is larger than predicted because in the initial stage of forging, the large diameter portion first comes into contact with the anvil at the initial stage of forging and stretches in longitudinal direction. So, it has developed a rule to design the preform considering 3-D deformation instead of plane strain deformation at the beginning stage of mandrel forging. The developed mandrel forging process can be applied to more similar products and economic benefits may be obtained.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.177-193
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to shed the light on one of the most important influential factors for the development the Palestinian economy, which is logistics system. The discussion about the Palestinian state and its economy arise after the UN General Assembly voted to grant Palestine a nonmember state. Palestine is considered land-locked country, although it has seashore. Although Palestine has seashore, it is considered land-locked country due to the lack of sovereign logistics infrastructure. International Trade with Israel, Jordan, and Egypt is done through land border crossings. Palestinian international trade to European, Asian, and American countries is currently done through Israeli airports and seaports. Almost 99% of the Palestinian imports are through land. Israeli policies and procedures incur Palestinian exports additional transportation costs when delivering their products to Israeli ports and Airport and even when transit these cargos to neighboring countries through Israeli controlled areas. Therefore, without direct access to international markets, the Palestinian economy will not be able to compete in international markets, and will continue its dependence on the Israeli economy. Considering that the current situation will continue, alternative routes for international trade to avoid using the Israeli ports are Aqaba Port in Jordan and Port Said in Egypt. In the long term, having a seaport and Airport in Gaza, Airport in the West Bank, and constructing the Corridor connecting Gaza and the West Bank, is the only solution capable for independently integrating the Palestinian economy with the region and other countries in the world, and therefore creating competitive advantage for the Palestinian exports.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 2016

The Silk Road named by Ferdinand von Richthofen was not designated as a specific route. A lot of East-West trade routes had already existed across the continent and the geographical scope and definition of the Silk Road is still expanding. In particular, the claim that the Eastern end of the Silk Road reaches Gyeongju is an example of this expansion. Burial treasures from tombs on the Korean Peninsula have already been identified as products from the Sassanian Dynasty of Persia, and various archaeological and epical evidences support this finding. However, the specific route where these exchanges were made, around the 6th-8th centuries, has yet to be identified. Maritime as well as inland routes can easily be hypothesized. The Silk Road was largely activated by the Yam postal system with the expansion of the Mongol Empire. It not only served as an effective pathway for the Yuan to rule over the Goryeo, but also connected the Eastern end of the Silk Road to Gyeongju. This can explain the situation since the 13th century. Therefore, this paper claims that the Yeokcham system had been operating on the Korean Peninsula since the Unified Silla Kingdom, the previous period of Goryeo, or perhaps even before then. The Yeokcham should thus be regarded as a prototype of the Mongolian Yam, and the Korean peninsula should be recognized as another route which contributed specifically to the development of the Silk Road, not just as a user or a beneficiary.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 1997

The fishing industry of Korea is now i a critical transitional stage. That is, broadly speaking, there are two dominant factors that constrain the further development of Korea fishey and effective competition in the international fishing industry. First of all, the global fishing industry has experienced many significant changes due to the execution of U.N, maritime law, the establishment of EEZ(the Exclusive Economic Zones), the increased roles of WTO(the World Trade Organization) as well as Korea being a member of OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Second, the fishing industry of Korea is faced with the following domestic troubles, such as the icreasing fishing expenses, insufficient labor supply, and the collapse of traditional local co-operative organizations of fishing villages, etc. However, the demand for aquatic products of home consumers not only continues to increase but also is shifting to select more valuable species, completely ignoring the above-mentioned serious pressures incurred by the Korean fishery. To solve these problems and keep developing steadily, it is necessary for the fishing industry of Korea to adopt a more active and flexible development pattern in order to reset up the regional economic base in fishing villages nation-wide and make the exploitation of fishing resources balance. The paper gives an reconsideration to the primary alternatives facing the Korean fishery and its prospective roles in a realistic and far-sighted attitude. It may serve as an endeavour in seeking an outlet for the fishing industry of korea to advance forwardly and lastingly.