• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2024.01a
• /
• pp.467-468
• /
• 2024

본 논문에서는 중국의 자율운항선박 기술개발 현황 및 신기술 관련 승인제도에 관한 연구하고자 한다. 제4차 산업혁명에 따라 해운산업에서도 자율운항선박이 등장하게 되었고, 현재 많은 국가들이 치열하고 기술개발에 열을 올리고 있다. 우리나라 역시 자율운항선박 기술개발을 위해 노력하고 있으며, 이와 더불어 자율운항선박 상용화를 위한 규제특례 및 승인제도를 도입하고자 한다. 자율운항선박은 현존선과 다른 선박 구조적 특성 및 시스템상의 특성을 가지고 있으며, 국제해사기구의 기준을 기반으로 주요 해양국가들은 자율운항선박의 실증운전 및 상용화를 위하여 자율운항선박 및 기자재 인증제도를 채택하고 있다. 본 논문은 중국의 자율운항선박 기술개발 현황 및 자율운항시스템등과 같은 신기술 승인제도를 연구하여 시사점을 얻고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2023

As the development of the 4th industrial revolution in the maritime industry has accelerated, the technical development and progress of maritime autonomous surface ship(MASS), and the development of international regulations have been accelerated. In particular, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) has established a road-map for the development of the non-mandatory goal-based MASS instrument(MASS Code) and started developing a non-mandatory MASS Code at MSC 105th meeting. Many countries are actively participating in the Correspondence Group on the development of MASS Code, and the development of detailed requirements for MASS functions in the MASS Code is underway. Especially, the concept of "Mode of Operation" for MASS functions was mentioned in the Correspondence Group for the first time, and it is expected that discussions on these modes will be conducted from the IMO MASS JWG meeting to held in April 2023. The concept of "Mode of Operation" will be useful in explaining MASS and MASS functions and will be discussed continually for the development of MASS Code. This paper reviews the contents of the IMCA M 220 document, which provides guidelines on operating modes, to conduct research on the benchmark for setting the operating modes of MASS.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.395-402
• /
• 2019

The development and operation of the MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) is being actively discussed for more efficient and safer maritime transportation solutions. The autonomous navigation technology has positive aspects such as the prevention of marine accidents, improvement of fuel efficiency of ships and cost reduction, and negative aspects such as job loss, task change, and security problems. It is expected that there will be new human element issues such as the situation awareness of remote operators, because the shore-based control will be conducted when fully autonomous ships are in operation. In this paper, we consider major human element issues that should be factored in the development and operation of MASS, and suggest a method of HRA (Human Reliability Analysis) for P IFs (Performance Influencing Factors) of the remote operators that are expected according to the shore-based control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.162-163
• /
• 2023

As the development of the 4^th industiral revolution in the maritime industry has progressed, the technical development of autonomous ships, and the development of international regulations have been accelerated. In particular, the IMO Maritime Safety Committee(MSC) has established a road-map for the development of the non-mandatory goal-based MASS instrument(MASS Code) and started developing a non-mandatory MASS Code at MSC 105^th meeting. Many countries are actively participating in the Correspondence Group on the development of MASS Code, and the development of detailed requirements for MASS functions in the MASS Code is underway. Especially, the concept of "Mode of Operation" for MASS functions was mentioned in the Correspondence Group for the first time, and it is expected that discussions on these modes will be conducted from the IMO MASS JWG meeting to held in April 2023. The concept of "Mode of Operation" will be useful in explaining MASS and MASS functions and will be discussed in the future for the development of MASS Code. This paper reviews the contents of the IMCA M 220 document, which provides guidelines on operating modes, to conduct research on the benchmark for setting the operating modes of MASS.

• Maritime Security
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2023

Recently, with the rapid development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology industries, the emergence of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship), which were thought only in the distant future, is approaching a reality. Along with the development of these amazing technologies, changes in the private law sector, such as liability, compensation for damages, and maritime insurance, as well as in the public law sector, such as maritime safety, marine environment protection, and maintenance of maritime order, have become necessary in the field of maritime law. In particular, with the advent of a new type of ship called MASS that does not have a crew on board, the kind and type of liability, compensation for damages, and insurance contracts in the event of a marine accident will also change. In this paper, the general theory about concept, classification, effectiveness and future of MASS and the general theory about concept and various obligations and responsibilities under the maritime law for discussion of MASS are reviewed. Next, in addition, regarding the problems that may occur in the event of a marine accident from MASS, the status as a ship, the legal relationship of the chartering contract, obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthiness, subject of responsibility, and liability for damages and immunity are reviewed from the perspective of maritime law. In addition, in the degree four of MASS, the necessities of further research to clarify the attributable subjects and standards of responsibility in the event of a marine accident, as well as the necessities of institutional improvement such as technology development, enactment and amendment of law and funding are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2023

The digital transformation of the shipbuilding, shipping, and logistics sectors is predicted to lead to the introduction of autonomous ships and changes in the way ships are operated. The co-existence of various operation forms, such as autonomous operation and remote operation, with the existing operation methods is expected to lead to the transformation of the ship operation process and the emergence of new stakeholders. This paper studies the future ship operation process according to the change in ship operation method, predicts the change in the operating environment of future ships, and derives functional requirements by major tasks and stakeholders. The Delphi technique is applied to construct a ship operation scenario from the planning stage of voyage and cargo transport to the stage of arrival at the final destination port and discharge of cargo, and to predict future work changes by task and actor. Seafarers' activities are expected to be minimised by remote and autonomous operation, and experts in each field are expected to have responsibilities and tasks in different aspects of ship operation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.793-806
• /
• 2022

As the IMO introduced MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships), ISO(International Organization for Standardization) announced ISO 19847 of a maritime data sharing standard for collecting and remotely managing data of ship systems. Previous literature evaluated the risk using HAZOP for ISO 19847 and proved that risk assessment is useful through experiments. However, redundancy of ISO 19847 ship data server which is one of the risk reduction method suggested in previous literature, was designed but couldn't tested due to the limitations of the conditions. So, in this study, to prove the usefulness of the ship data server redundancy of ISO 19847 which was not tested in previous literature. It based on the design of previous literature, and the network of ship data servers was modeled using the SES/DEVS format and simulated using the DEVS# open source library.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.187-189
• /
• 2022

As the structure and operation method of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) are discussed accroding to the IMO degree, the interest and necessity for remote operators who manage and supervise the operation of MASS are increasing gradually. The form of MASS operation is clearly accompanied by various changes including new technologies and equipment in comparison with the current operation of ship. In IMO Degree 2 and 3, the capabilities that remote operators who will operate them must differ from those of existing seafarers(navigation officers, engineers and ratings). Regarding this remote operation, the NI(Nautical Institute) is the first in the world to present a syllabus and a curriculum of qualification for remote operator. Based on this, the paper introduces and compares the education model of MASS remote control operation and NI model, and further uses it as basic data for the creation of curriculum for future MASS remote operator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.992-1001
• /
• 2022

The maritime traffic analysis has been conducted in various ways to solve problems arising from the complex marine environment. However, recent trends in the maritime industry, such as the development of the maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), suggest that maritime traf ic analysis needs change. Accordingly, based on the studies conducted over the past decade for improvements, automatic identification system (AIS) data is mainly used for maritime traffic analysis. Moreover, the use of geographic information that directly af ects ship operation is relatively insufficient. Therefore, this study presented a method of using a combination of shape format data and AIS data to enhance maritime traffic analysis in preparation for the commercialization of autonomous ships. Consequently, extractable marine traffic characteristics were presented when shape format data were used for marine traffic analysis. This is expected to be used for marine traffic analysis for the introduction of autonomous ships in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2021.11a
• /
• pp.78-80
• /
• 2021

This study is based on Degree of Recognition and AHP surveys for experts, this study investigates changes in the demand of seafarers in response to changes in the shipping industry environment in which Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS) emerge according to the application of the fourth industrial revolution technology to ships, and it looks into changes in seafarers' skills. It also analyzes and proposes a plan for cultivating seafarers accordingly. As a result of Degree of Recognition and AHP analysis, it is analyzed that a new training system is required because the current training and education system may cover the job competencies of emergency response, caution and danger navigation, general sailing, cargo handling, seaworthiness maintenance, emergency response, and ship maintenance and management, but jobs such as remote control, monitoring diagnosis, device management capability, and big data analysis require competency for unmanned and shore based control.By evaluating the importance of change factors in the duties of seafarers in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, this study provides information on seafarers educational institutions response strategies for nurturing seafarers and prioritization of resource allocation, etc. The importance of factors was compared and evaluated to suggest changes in the duties of seafarers and methods of nurturing seafarers according to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.It is expected that this study is meaningful as it systematically derived the duties and competency factors of seafarers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships from a practical point of view and analyzed the perception level of each relevant expert to diagnose expert-level responses to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.