• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2002

The landscape disign of Gamcheon wholesale fish Market was designed around a turnkey base to promote the economy of Busan Metropolitan City, to establish a fishery marketing center and to modernize existing facilities. The objectives of the project were to promote the mood of an old market, while preserving its functions and efficiency as a market, to design outdoor spaces with natural resources and amenities in balance, and to create attractive tourist spots in connection with the wide area development plan. The project was oriented, fast, to enhance the functions of the market. For this purpose, a multi-dimensional space layout was designed in consideration of functions as a wholesale market. The safety of pedestrians was secured by separating lathes for vehicles and for pedestrians. Tree planting with various functions such as sheltering, wind breaking and guiding was planned. Secondly, nature-friendly and human-friendly landscaping design was attempted. For this, the beautiful natural resources of Amnam Park were utilized, and green spaces such as green bridges linking buildings in the wholesale market, and rooftop gardens were to be arranged. In addition, environment-friendly facilities such as roads paved with natural materials(i.e. gravel, shells) and program parking lots were to be planned. Thirdly, landscape design was considered to create attractive tourist spots. For example, a fish farm was created as a theme street for pedestrians and various water-friendly spaces such as pedestrian ramps, observatories and seaside streets were to be secured. The main contents are as follows. First, a green bridge to Ahnnam Park was introduced for a tour source and flower garden, an event plan and viewing deck open to the sea were planned on the bridge's axis. Secondly, for the effective land use plan concerning open space and convenience to visitors, a promenade was planned, which is connected with the theme plaza and small plazas by environmental sculptures in front of the market hall and at the gate. As well, an observatory and a roof garden help create three dimensional multi leveled space, with a good view of the natural landscape of the sea, sky and park Thirdly, landscape materials, such as trees and those for facilities, strengthened for protection against the seawind and salt damage were selected. The commercial market area was intended to be transformed a traditional functional area of efficiency and economy into an attractive marine leisure area where both tourists and neighbors can make use of it.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

The marine electronic system for safe navigation such as ECDIS has been contributing to increase the safety of navigation, decreasing the mariner's load of navigation. The ECDIS should be developed and approved by international standard of IMO for performance standard and IEC for type-approval method and required results. However, these standards have some ambiguities for us not to directly adopt them for real approval system, so we should analyze them for more clear meaning and prepare our own detail standard for type-approval system. The first thing to do for the goal of this research was to analyze the standard in detail and make ambiguity be cleared in our own standards, considering each test item in view of test methodology. For the result of analysis we could develop more evident and detail type-approval standard for each test item with test technology needed. Especially, we developed the colour differentiation test process of ECDIS monitor, which include the colour differentiation formula derived from CIE colour scheme. Several test items require sensor informations of navigation equipment compatible with IEC 61162. We also developed the signal simulator for general messages of IEC 61162 that must be provided. Additionally, the type-approval processes and standards for Back-up arrangement and RCDS mode were developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.154-155
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• 2011

2010년 천리안위성의 성공적인 발사에 따라 인공위성의 활용에 대한 기대가 커지고 있다. 천리안 해양관측위성(GOCI)이외에 아리랑 2호가 현재 운용중인 우리나라 위성들이다. 가까운 시기에 아리랑 5호(2011년 말), 아리랑 3호(2012년), 아리랑 3A호(2013년)가 발사될 예정이다. 즉, 해양적용을 위한 위성환경은 이제부터 준비되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 대외적으로 보면, 인공위성 자원은 아주 많다. 문제는 이와 같은 자원을 어떻게 활용할 것인가 인데 이의 활용 기술 개발적 측면에서는 많이 소홀한 것이 사실이다. 전세계적으로 이 시스템 개발을 위한 치열한 경쟁이 진행 중에 있다. 이미 소말리아 주변 감시체계는 많은 부분을 위성에 의지하고 있다. 우리나라에서 최초로 위성활용 가능성을 보여준 사건이 허베이스피리트호 원유유출 사고이다. 이 사고는 2007년 12월7일 아침 7시6분경 서해안 만리포 북서쪽 10km 해상에서 크레인을 적재한 1만1800t급 바지선이 정박 중인 홍콩 선적 유조선 허베이 스피리트호(14만6000t급)와 부딪치면서 발생했다. 이와 같은 기름 유출 사고의 경우, 유출 범위를 정확하게 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 거의 준비된 상태가 아님에도 불구하고 12월 8일 아침 최초로 유출된 기름을 모습을 보여주는 위성이미지(광학위성)가 얻어졌다. 하지만 이와 같은 자료가 관련 전문가가 이용할 수 있기까지 많은 시간이 소용되었고, 이 정보를 전달할 수 있는 방법도 없었다. 사실 단순한 이미지가 아니라 지리정보체계를 가진 오염정보를 제공할 방법도 준비도 되어 있지 못한 상황이었다. 본 발표를 통하여, 허베이스피리트호 사고뿐만 아니라, 2011년 6월부터 수개월간 지속된 발해만 오염사고 적용 등 다양한 사례 소개를 하고, 이를 기반으로 해양경찰청에서 업무활용을 위한 방안을 제시한다. 먼저, 해경청의 주요 임무인, 경비, 수색구조, 오염대응 분야별로 현황 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 국외사례에 대한 조사를 한 후, 최종 인공위성 원격탐사기술의 해경청 도입방안에 대한 설계를 실시하였다. 국제적으로 인공위성을 이용한 해양 경비, 수색구조, 오염 모니터링기술 개발이 이루어지고 있으며, 유럽 국가는 시범도입을 진행 중에 있다. 유럽해사안전국(EMSA)은 해양경비 및 수색구조를 위한 선박통항 및 보고 서비스와 오염대비대응(Pollution Preparedness and Response, PPR) 위성 서비스를 회원국에 제공하고 있다. 해양경찰청 임무 수행뿐만 아니라, 해양영토 관리적 측면에서 첨단 위성장비 활용, 선진국형 해상경비 패러다임의 전환 필요성이 크다고 할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 1977

The shipping business which consistutes main stream of foreign trades in the world desires more larger and higher speed ships to convey a large amount of cargo at a time rapidly and safely. They also want to introduce new techniques into transportation system so to meet the rapid growing demand of maritime mobile communications with the improvement of efficiency of radio apparatus and reduction of the hard labors of radio operators mechanization and modernization of radio apparatus is necessary. Now HF band is used mainly for communications between maritime mobile stations and coast stations but the quality of received signal is not so good and the coverage is not sufficient by the condition of propagation of waves. There is also limitation of channel capacity in HF band. So to cope with or improve of these defects and meet the demands of modern maritime communication it is essential to introduce maritime satellite communication system in this field. By using the maritime satellite we can establish high quality communication circuits as maritime Telex, Faximile, high speed data transmission line and can expand coverages. Therefore industrial rationalization of marine transportation is possible with the reduction of painful labors of radio operators by improving safety and promoting of efficiency of movement of ships and freights. Obviously it is prospected that the introduction of maritime satellite communication system will bring a rapid promotion of its usuage in maritime mobile communication field and also anticipated that maritime satellite communication system will be a main current in maritime mobile communication field over the world in the near future with moderated cost of transmission links as in the case of INTELSAT in the past 10 years after its first launching.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.483-490
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• 2016

Automobile door latch is a fine design and assembly techniques are required in order to produce them in a small component assembly shape such as a spring, injection products, a small-sized motor. The door latch is fixed to not open the door of the car plays an important role it has a direct impact on the driver's safety. In this study, during trimming of the terminals of the connector main components of the car door latch, reduce rollover and conducted a research to find a suitable effective shear surface. Using the Taguchi method with orthogonal array of Finite Element Analysis and optimal Design of Experiments were set up parameters for the shear surface quality of the car door latch connector terminals. The design parameters used in the analysis is the clearance, the radius, and the blank holding force, the material of the connector terminal is a C2600. Trimming process optimum conditions suggested by the analysis has been verified by experiments, the shear surface shape and dimensions of a final product in good agreement with forming analysis results.Taguchi method from the above results in the optimization for the final rollover and effective shear surface improved for a vehicle door latch to the connector terminal can be seen that the applicable and useful for a variety of metal forming processes other than the trimming process is determined to be applicable.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Dynamic interaction of the ground-foundation-structure must be considered for safety of earthquake resistant design for piles supported structures. The p-y curve, which is proposed in the static load and cyclic load cases, is used for the earthquake resistant design of piles. The p-y curve does not consider dynamic interaction of the ground-foundation-structure on dynamic load cases such as earthquake. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the p-y curve to earthquake resistant design. The dynamic p-y curve by considering dynamic interaction of the ground-foundation-structure has been studied, and researches had same conditions that pile caps were on the ground surface and superstructures were added on pile caps for the simple weight. However, group piles are normally embedded into the ground except for marine structures, so it seems that the embedding the pile cap influences on the dynamic p-y curve of group piles. In this study, the shaking table model test was conducted to confirm dynamic behavior of group piles by the embedded pile cap in the ground. The result showed that dynamic behavior was different between two cases by embedding the pile cap or not.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

Two different sensors (here, KOMPSAT and RADARSAT) are considered for ship detection, and are used to delineate the detection performance for their data The experiments are set for coastal regions of Mokpo Port and Ulsan Port and field experiments on board pilot boat are conducted to collect in situ ship validation information such as ship type and length This paper introduce mainly the experiment result of ship detection by both RADARSAT SAR imagery and land-based RADAR data, operated by the local Authority of South Korean, so called vessel traffic system (VTS) radar. Fine imagery of Ulsan Port was acquired on June 19, 2004 and in-situ data such as wind speed and direction, taking pictures of ships and natural features were obtained aboard a pilot ship. North winds, with a maximum speed of 3.1 m/s were recorded Ship's position, size and shape and natural features of breakwaters, oil pipeline and alongside ship were compared using SAR and VTS. It is shown that KOMPSAT/EOC has a good performance in the detection of a moving ship at a speed of kts or more an hour that ship and its wake can be imaged. The detection capability of RADARSAT doesn't matter how fast ship is running and depends on a ship itself, e.g. its material, length and type. Our results indicate that SAR can be applicable to automated ship detection for a VTS and SAR combination service.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

The piggery wastewater is the major source of the water pollution problem in the rural area. The treatment alternatives for piggery wastewater are limited by the characteristics of both high organic and nitrogen(N) content. In order to investigate an efficient N removal system, the thermophilic aerobic digestion process was examined. The experiment was investigated organic and nitrogen removal efficiency at various HRTs and air supply volume. The results of semi-continuous experiment indicated that a higher removal of the soluble portion of COD was achieved with the longer HRTs. However, the inert portion of COD in piggery wastewater was not much changed by thermophilic aerobic digestion. In addition, with the higher HRT of 3 days, up to 79% of NH4-N removal efficiency was achieved. Lower the HRTs, a decrease of NH4-N removal was founds. The gas samples from the lab reactor were analyzed along with the N content in influent and effluent. The N2O formation in our system indicates a novel aerobic deammonification process occurred during the thermophilic aerobic digestion. Both N02 and N03 were not presented in the effluent of thermophilic aerobic digester. With the HRT of 3 days, 36.4% of influent N(or 57.5% removal N) was aerobically converted to N2O gas. The ammonium conversion to N2O gas significantly decrease to 4.5% at low HRT of .05 day..

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2007

Starting at the beginning q the 20th century, increasing amounts of tetrach1oroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE)were manufactured due to the extensive use of these compounds in industry, in the military, and in private households, mainly as nonflammable solvents. This widespread use, along with careless handling and storage, are among the most serious contaminants of soil, sediment and groundwater. Highly chlorinated ethenes are typically not degraded through oxygenation by aerobic bacteria Since complete reductive dechlorination of PCE and TCE to ethene (ETH) has been observed in anaerobic enrichment culture, anaerobic dehalorespiring bacteria have received increased attention in the last decade. Under anaerobic conditions, these compounds con be reductively dehalogenated to less-chlorinated ethenes or innocuous ethene by microorganism through dehalorespiration. We have been studying anaerobic enrichment culture which used lactate as the electron donor for reductive dechlorination of PCE to ETH the anaerobic mixed microbial culture was enriched from the sediment sample taken from site contaminated with PCE. PCE was consistently and completely converted to ethene. In addition, the accumulation of intermediate products such as 1,2-ds-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) was observed in the anaerobic mixed microbial culture. the established dechlorinating enrichment culture was analyzed by DGGE using primers specific to DefrJ1ococcoides 16S rRNA gene sequences. In conclusion, we established the PCE dechlorinating enrichment culture and confirmed the existence of Dehalococcoides in an enrichment culture.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

In this study, we performed an analysis of the accumulation of inorganic arsenic and growth rate with changes in phosphate concentration in Hizikia fusiforme. When exposed to inorganic arsenic for fourteen days, we found that the collection of inorganic arsenic hardly increased at high phosphate concentrations (2 mg L^-1). However, when the phosphate concentration was low (0.02 mg L^-1), accumulation of inorganic arsenic increased. Additionally, H. fusiforme decreased in a growth rate of 14.5% in low phosphate concentration (0.02 mg L^-1) and fell in a growth rate of 30% when exposed to inorganic arsenic (10 ㎍ L^-1). H. fusiforme cannot distinguish between phosphate and inorganic arsenic. Thus, when phosphate concentration was lower, the inorganic arsenic accumulation increased, and accumulated inorganic arsenic inhibited photosynthesis and cell division, reducing the growth rate. H. fusiforme is known to have higher inorganic arsenic accumulation than other seaweeds. Therefore, various studies are needed to secure the food safety of H. fusiforme which is an essential aquaculture species in Korea.