• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.24-34
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• 2021

해양과 연안 지역의 과도한 개발과 이용으로 인하여 해양생태계에 발생하는 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 많은 국가에서 해양생태계 관리계획을 수립하여 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크 분석법을 적용하여 우리나라와 주요 해양 국가들의 해양생태계 관리 방향 및 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 국내외 공통적으로 해양생태계 관리 기반 구축, 국제적 협력 및 파트너십 구축, 기후변화 대응 강화와 관련된 내용을 포함하고 있었으며, strengthen, promote, improve, establish 등의 단어가 많이 사용된 핵심어로 나타났다. 하지만 세부적인 관리계획에서는 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 국외에서는 특정 종에 대한 관리계획의 제시와 이미 수행 중인 제도적 기반을 개선하는 단계인 반면, 국내의 경우 포괄적인 해양생물 관리 강화 및 해양생태계 관리를 위한 제도적 기반을 구축하는 단계임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 국내·외 해양생태계 관리 방향을 이해하고 향후 국내 지역의 해양생태계 관리계획 수립 시 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.240-258
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• 2006

The potential of ecosystem-based fisheries management is recently recognized to be very important to improve the sustainability of fisheries resources. Under the depressed condition of many fisheries resources, this recognition has been expanded and more effort has been taken to improve this approach. Taking ecosystem concept includes the use of other tools of management in addition to fisheries regulation, such as stock and productivity enhancement, provision of physical structure, or marine protected areas. In the ecosystem-based fisheries management approach, it would require to holistically consider ecological interactions of target species with predators, competitors, and prey species, the effects of climate on fisheries ecology, the complex interactions between fishes and their habitat, and the effects of fishing on fish stocks and their ecosystem. Fisheries management based upon the understanding of these factors can prevent significant and potentially irreversible changes in marine ecosystems caused by fishing. A useful approach for analyzing tropho-dynamic interactions and mass-balance in marine ecosystems is introduced to demonstrate the complexity and usefulness of the ecosystem approach, which was applied to a small ecosystem in Korea. Korea should seriously consider to take the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management, since most major fish stocks are currently depleted due to many reasons such as overfishing, land reclamation and coastal pollution.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.170-186
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• 2019

해양생태계조사는 많은 항목을 다양한 장소로부터 다양한 시기에 조사/분석한다. 따라서 다항목의 복잡한 생태 자료를 효과적으로 분석하기는 매우 어려우며, 또한 자료 분석을 통하여 생태계의 현황을 파악하고, 문제점을 진단하기는 더욱 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문은 생태 조사 자료의 분포 특성과 이상치 분석을 통하여 복잡한 생태 자료의 합리적 해석에 대한 예시를 제시하고자한다. 주요 연구 내용은 각 생태 자료의 분포 특성을 고려한 한반도 연안의 생태 요소별 배경 농도 도출과 생태계 모니터링 지시자 도출 및 적응적 관리 체제 구축이다. 본 논문에 이용된 자료는 해양수산부와 해양환경공단이 주관하는 국가해양생태계종합조사의 연안생태조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 주요인용 시기는 2015~2017년 자료이다. 본 논문은 상기 과정을 정립하는 예비 연구이며, 국가해양생태계종합조사 중 연안생태조사가 한반도 전 연안에서 총 3회가 완료되는 시점인 2020년 이후에 연안생태계의 생태 요소별 배경 농도 및 관리 방안에 대한 최종 결과가 도출될 예정이다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.32-49
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• 2010

Ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a holistic assessment of the status of fisheries by integrating fishery ecosystem indicators for management objectives. In this study four objectives were identified such as the maintenance of the sustainability, biodiversity and habitat quality and socio-economic benefits. The ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) model to assess fisheries and their resources at the ecosystem level developed for Korean fisheries (Zhang et al., 2009) has a number of indicators for three management objectives. However, it was found that there were some overlapping components among indicators and that there were difficulties in assessing some indicators in the EBFA model. This study identified problems of the approach and suggested more pragmatic and simpler indicators. It also presented alternative reference points to assess indicators and discussed issues associated with the application of the EBFA model to a marine ranching ecosystem. In this study a total of 24 indicators were used for the assessment which included 4 socio-economic indicators. New indicators and reference points were demonstrated by applying it to the Uljin marine ranch.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

Due to the recent increase in greenhouse gases in atmosphere, world climate is rapidly changing and in turn, the earth ecosystem responds upon the climate changes. Comparing the ecosystem in the past, the present shapes of ecosystem is the result of the serious modification. Fishery resources in marine ecosystem, which usually occupy the upper trophic level, are also inevitable from such changes, because they always react to the natural environmental conditions. The northwestern Pacific is the most productive ocean in the world producing about 30% of world catch. From time to time, however, it has been notified that abundance, distribution and species composition of major fish species were altered by climate events. Furthermore, primary productivity of the ocean is not stable under the changing environments, so that carrying capacity of the ocean varies from one climate regime to another. Major climate events such as global warming, atmospheric circulation pattern, climate regime shift in the North Pacific, and El Nino event in the Pacific tropical waters were introduced in relation to fisheries aspects. The current status and future projection of fishery production was investigated, especially in the North Pacific including Korean waters. This new paradigm, ecosystem response to environmental variability, has become the main theme in marine ecology and fishery science, and the GLOBEC-type researches might provide a solution far cause-effect mechanism as well as prediction capability. Ecosystem management principles for multi-species should be adopted for better understanding and management of ecosystem.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.497-506
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• 2011

The rapid industrial and technological development has made the human activities for the utilization of marine resources more complex. Marine spatial management is a space-based approach. It is a comprehensive and integrated management approach. The ultimate goal of marine spatial management is the "sustainable use" of marine resources. The partial approach is applied in the existing marine spatial management, mainly coastal zones which involves integrated approach. Also this showed various limitations including restricted mostly to coastal zones, and limitation to implementation tools. However, for marine spatial management to have a reasonable approach that attaches importance to the relationship between humans and the holistic ecosystem, it is important to internalize a central principle in marine spatial management that focuses on the sustainable use of marine resources. In the present study, four central principles are proposed that will eventually be applied through marine spatial management planning tools. These principles are 1) the establishment of a cooperative decision making and planning system that is based on stakeholder participation; 2) scientific assessment of the current status and impact on the basis of ecology, sociology, and economics; 3) reasonable and optimal spatial assignment based on the forecasting of future-use characteristics and environmental changes; and 4) ascribing importance to the implementation of the results of rational planning processes.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2015

생태계기반 관리를 위해서는 정책적 활용도가 높은 생태모델이 개발되어야 한다. 이러한 생태모델이 개발되기 위해서는 복잡한 생태적 과정에 대한 면밀한 이해가 우선되어야 하며, 생태학자, 모델개발자, 이해당사자 그리고 관리자 사이의 원활한 의사소통이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 해양생태모델의 이론적 배경, 미국과 유럽의 생태모델의 최근 기술동향, 그리고 새만금 및 금강 하구역을 대상으로 우리나라 환경현안을 다루기 위한 생태모델 개발방향을 제시하였다. 기술동향에서 소개된 내용은 역학모델 중심의 생태순환모델과 통계모델이며 이들의 정책 활용 잠재성을 토의하였다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.158-172
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• 2022

2015~2019년에 한국의 주요 연안습지 24~34개소를 중심으로 바닷새의 분포 현황을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 바닷새는 총 7목 16과 111종이었고, 연간 출현종은 51~89종으로 2018년에 가장 많았다. 연간 관찰된 개체수는 92,821~265,783개체였으며, 2018년에 가장 많았다. 권역별로는 전라남부권역에서 가장 많은 종 수(55~72종)가 확인되었으며, 가장 많은 개체수(연평균 62,542개체)는 충청권역에서 관찰되었다. 조사지점별로는 2016년에 순천만 조사지점에서 68종으로 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 비인/장안 지역에서 2018년에 95,399개체로 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 서식지 이용 유형별 바닷새 조성비는 해안성조류가 평균 38%로 가장 많이 출현하였으며, 다음으로 헤엄치는 조류, 섭금류, 해양조류, 맹금류 순이었다. 법정보호종은 해양보호생물 8종, 멸종위기 야생동물 19종(I급 6종, II급 13종), 천연기념물 12종이 확인되었다. 주요 연안습지에서 바닷새는 조사시기에 따라 출현종 및 개체수의 차이를 보여 체계적이고 지속적인 실태조사 및 서식지 특성을 고려한 보전 정책 반영이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.249-260
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• 2022

This mini review examines the habitat connectivity and effectiveness of Korean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) region. We first reemphasize that the Korean region of the YSLME is a single ecosystem (ecoregion) given the biophysical distribution patterns. The MPAs within the YSLME contribute about 50% to the total MPAs in Korea, accounting for about 10% of the territorial sea waters of Korea and 20% of the waters of YSLME on the Korean side. By area, national parks account for nearly 45% of the MPAs, followed by the wetland protected areas at 25%, with other types of MPA comprising the remaining 30%. Large MPA (> 100 km²) is the dominant type of MPA, accounting for 90% of the total area. We find that MPAs in the region are connected physically and perhaps also genetically. However, the level of protection was found to be low, and a no-take zone is rarely implemented. In addition, interrupted freshwater discharge caused by river-mouth dams poses a major hindrance to the physical connectivity of the MPAs. Restoration of the river-mouth dams and strengthened regulation on MPAs, with further expansion of MPAs in line with the current development of post-2020 global biodiversity frameworks, should be priorities for better management of marine resources. The newly revised law incorporating the concept of "Marine Ecosystem Axis Management" would reinforce the processes, and their effectiveness together with overall management of MPAs in Korea should be evaluated by designing appropriate measurement tools.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.194-207
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• 2021

It is necessary to assess and manage the different elements of the marine ecosystem, such as climate change, habitat, primary and secondary production, energy flow, food web, potential yield, and fishing, to maintain the health of the ecosystem as well as support sustainable development of fishery. We set up an ecosystem model around the Korean peninsula to produce scientific predictions necessary for the assessment and management of marine ecosystems and presented the usability of the model with scenario experiments. We used the Atlantis ecosystem model based on the marine food web; Atlantis is a three-dimensional end-to-end model that includes the information and processes within an entire system, from an abiotic environment to human activity. We input the ecological and biological parameters, such as growth, mortality, spawning, recruitment, and migration, to the Atlantis model via functional groups using existing research and local measurements. During the simulation period (2018-2019), we confirmed that the model reproduced the observed data reasonably and reflected the actual ecosystem characteristics appropriately. We thus identified the usability of a marine ecosystem model with experiments on different environmental change scenarios.