• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.31-48
• /
• 2002

This paper is aimed to analyze how to evaluate the choice of optimal management measures and level of control in fisheries management under the costly and imperfect management system by comparing with costless and perfect management system that is commonly assumed in the analysis of fisheries regulations. Fishermen would set the level of fishing efforts at the point where the marginal fishing profit for fishing effort is equal to the marginal level of fine under costly and imperfect management system. Therefore, under the case where the marginal fishing profit is higher than the marginal level of fine, the level of fishing efforts would be made at the point which is higher than the level of fishing efforts made under costless and perfect management system and is not a point where the economic profit is maximized in regulated fisheries. From this conclusion, the fishermens avoidance activities against regulations as well as the level of control in fisheries management substantially have an influence on the choice of fisheries management instruments. According to the analysis of optimal fisheries management policy, the economic profits in regulated fisheries are determined by the level of fisheries enforcement costs and total fishing profits, in which as enforcement costs increase the economic profits decrease. In addition, the economic profits vary in response to the level of control in avoidance activities. That is, as avoidance costs decrease, the economic profits increase. The determination of optimal level of control in fisheries management should be made at the point where the marginal regulation costs are equal to the marginal profits from regulated fisheries, in which marginal regulation costs are different according to the type of management measures. And the level of profits changes in response to different levels of avoidance activities. The management measure that can maximize the difference between the marginal regulation costs and marginal profits from regulated fisheries should be chosen as an optimal fisheries management instrument.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 습지의 가치 도출 방안으로 개발 사업 추진으로 인하여 습지 등 자연생태계가 훼손될 경우 이를 복원하는데 실제 소요된 비용을 파악하고, 회복과정에서 나타나는 생태과학적 지표인 생물종다양성지수를 이용하여 복원에 소요되는 한계비용 등을 산출함으로써 습지의 진정한 가치 도출에 기여해보고자 한다. 이는 경제적 분석에서 사용되는 두 가지 측면 중 하나인 비용 측면만으로는 훼손된 습지를 얼마만큼 복원해야 하는지 알 수 없음을 의미한다. 따라서 한계비용을 도출하여 복원비용을 파악하는 것이 습지관련 프로젝트를 진행하면서 보다 더 정확한 의사결정을 내릴 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.930-935
• /
• 2005

This study tried to suggest a new direction of rail freight pricing in Korea. Determinant factors of rail freight fare are collected and pricing principles are introduced. Marginal social costs are to be fare of rail freight in theory and those costs should be estimated in the near future. From the market pricing of North American rail freight carriers we can find a direction of future pricing and from the EU efforts to estimate social marginal costs we can also find research agenda.

• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 1987

An algorithm for the minimum total process percent defective under marginal costs is presented. Initial process is single series system, which is constructed by k process units, and each process is considered priority. Minimum of total process percent defective for parallel-series system exists when additional process setup costs are larger than marginal costs.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제59권5호
• /
• pp.871-881
• /
• 2010

In the uniform price electricity market or bilateral electricity market, the energy transactions in which the network is not considered and ISO's system operation costs which ISO try to minimize are settled separately. In this paper, transmission loss, one of the ISO's system operation costs, was dealt. The conventional marginal loss allocation method gives economic signals but three aspects have to be considered; excessiveness, arbitrariness and cross-subsidy. In this paper, marginal loss compensation efficiency method was suggested which consider those aspects of the conventional marginal loss allocation method. Also the characteristics of the marginal loss compensation efficiency were analyzed in the appendixes. And simple 2-bus system and IEEE 14 bus system were used to explain these characteristics.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.77-98
• /
• 2022

This paper empirically verifies that the types of capital adjustment costs serve as an important mechanism in relation to investment decision-making after confirming that the investment dispersion of Korean firms is pro-cyclical and can affect business cycles. Specifically, it is found through empirical methods using corporate financial data that capital adjustment costs generally assumed to take a quadratic form in macroeconomics are asymmetric and irreversible in the Korean economy. In particular, capital adjustment costs are empirically proven to cause investment dispersion to expand given that the substitution effect of the marginal value to the marginal cost for one unit of investment in the inter-temporal investment decision is affected by that cost with regard to the resale of owned equipment assets, as opposed to new investments in equipment assets. We ultimately show, albeit indirectly, that investment dispersion can affect business cycles as capital adjustment costs influences investment decisions. What is implied is that the capital adjustment cost is not merely an exogenously deep parameter that fits the dynamics of business cycles in a macroeconomic model but could instead be a policy variable that can be endogenized through government policies.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.499-520
• /
• 2013

기존 연구에서는 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용을 추정할 경우 쌍대성 이론에 근거하여 임의로 설정된 하나의 방향성 벡터(directional vector) 설정하였으나 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 다양한 형태의 방향성 벡터를 사용하여 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용을 추정하였다. 기존의 방법론에서는 임의로 설정된 방향성 벡터가 한계저감비용 추정에 결정적인 역할을 하여 선택된 방향성 벡터에 따라 한계저감 비용 추정치가 상당한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 $45^{\circ}$의 방향성 벡터를 설정하는 경우에는 실제 이산화탄소 배출량 수준과는 다른 배출량 수준에서의 한계저감비용을 추정하게 되지만 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론에 의하여 추정된 한계저감비용은 실제 이산화탄소 배출량 수준에서 한계저감비용을 추정하여 보다 더 현실을 정확하게 반영하는 추정치이다. 새로운 방법론을 서유럽 국가에 적용하여 추정한 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용은 기존 방법론을 사용하는 경우에 비하여 적은 것으로 추정되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.248-252
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The anterior region is a challenge for most clinicians to achieve optimal esthetics with dental implants. The provisional crown is a key factor in the success of obtaining pink esthetics around restorations with single implants, by soft tissue and inter-proximal papilla shaping. Provisional abutments bring additional costs and make the treatment more expensive. Since one of the aims of the clinician is to reduce costs and find more economic ways to raise patient satisfaction, this paper describes a practical method for chair-side fabrication of non-occlusal loaded provisional crowns used by the authors for several years successfully. Methods: Twenty two patients (9 males, 13 females; mean age, 36,72 years) with one missing anterior tooth were treated by using the presented method. Metal definitive abutments instead of provisional abutments were used and provisional crowns were fabricated on the definitive abutments for all of the patients. The marginal fit was finished on a laboratory analogue and temporarily cemented to the abutments. The marginal adaptation of the crowns was evaluated radiographically. Results: The patients were all satisfied with the final appearance and no complications occurred until the implants were loaded with permanent restorations. Conclusions: The use of the definitive abutments for provisional crowns instead of provisional abutments reduces the costs and the same results can be obtained.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제63권3호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2014

It is expected that there will be delay of scheduled transmission network reinforcement and huge investment of renewable energy resources in Korea. As transmission capacity expansion delayed, supplying power to Seoul metropolitan area will not be increased as scheduled. In addition, uncertain renewable energy out of Seoul metropolitan area can cause transmission congestion in the future power system. These two combining effects will make the difference in locational marginal prices(LMP) and congestion costs increase. In that sense, this paper will analyze how much the congestion costs for Korea power system are incurred in the future power system. Most of previous approaches to analyze the congestion costs for electric power system are based on the optimal power flow model which cannot deal with hourly variation of power system. However, this study attempted to perform the analysis using market simulation model(M-Core) which has the capability of analyzing the hourly power generation cost and power transmission capacity, and market prices by region. As a result, we can estimate the congestion costs of future power system considering the uncertainty of renewable energy and transmission capacity.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제17권
• /
• pp.29-54
• /
• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 항공기 착륙료를 이착륙 서비스 지원에 투입된 비용을 각 운항 별로 유발한 비용수준에 따라 공정하게 배분하는 방법으로 산정하여 각 사용자에게 부담하도록 함으로써 현재 적용되고 있는 평균 비용에 근거한 요율 산정이나, 일부 학자들이 주장하고 있는 한계 비용에 의한 가격 결정 방법의 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 가격 결정 모델을 개발하는 데 있다. 원가회계 이론을 적용하여 각 이착륙 서비스 별 비용을 배정하는 방법을 적용하되 항공기 중량과 혼잡수준을 원가를 차별화 시키는 변수로 고려 한다. 시설 제공에 투입된 비용은 평균 비용의 원리를 적용하고 시설 운영 비용은 한계 비용원리를 적용하여 각 운항서비스 별 총비용을 산정하여 착륙료를 부과함으로써 한계 비용에 의한 가격이 되도록 하면서도 합리적인 방법으로 총 비용을 회수 할 수 있도록 하는데 그 가치가 있다. 또한, 원가 원가 회계 원리를 적용하여 모델을 도출함으로써, 각 공항의 회계 자료를 이용하여 실제적으로 착륙료 계산이 가능한 모델을 제시할 수 있다는 장점도 있다.