• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.5 s.21
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

A construction process consists of value adding activities and non-value adding activities, necessary or unnecessary. If construction personnel can eliminate inefficient and/or unnecessary activities within the process, they may have a great opportunity to improve their construction process. The Product Process Analysis (PPA) technique, which was developed in the manufacturing industry, can be applied for identifying wastes in the construction process and ultimately improving the process itself. It provides useful tools, such as a process chart worksheet and flow diagram, for mapping the flow of construction activities with predetermined standardized symbols. These tools make people understand the flow of activities more easily, identify value adding/non-value adding activities within the process, and areas where the process can be improved. The example applications of PPA are demonstrated in the paper through the case studies implemented on the construction process of structural steel. The results of case studies indicate that PPA technique was effective at identifying and removing wastes in the steel construction process. It is also found that PPA technique is more effective for improving highly repetitive construction processes.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-113
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• 1997

This paper outlines a framework for a diagnosis of a complex system with uncertain information. Sensor validation ploys a vital role in the ability of the overall system to correctly determine the state of a system monitored by imperfect sensors. Here, emphases are put on the heuristic technology and post-processor for reasoning. Heuristic Sensor Validation (HSV) exploits deeper knowledge about parameter interaction within the plant to cull sensor faults from the data stream. Finally the modified probability distributions and validated data are used as input to the reasoning scheme which is the runtime version of the influence diagram. The output of the influence diagram is a diagnostic mapping from the symptoms or sensor readings to a determination of likely failure modes. Once likely failure modes are identified, a detailed diagnostic knowledge base suggests corrective actions to improve performance. This framework for a diagnostic expert system with sensor validation and reasoning under uncertainty applies in $HEATXPRT^{TM}$ a data-driven on-line expert system for diagnosing heat rate degradation problems in fossil power plants [1].

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.1 s.307
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

This paper proposed color matching technique, including display characterization, chromatic adaptation model, and gamut mapping and extension, to generate consistent colors for the same input signal in each display device. It is necessary to characterize the relationship between input and output colors for display device, to apply chromatic adaptation model considering the difference of reference white, and to compensate for the gamut which display devices can represent for reproducing consistent colors on DTV display devices. In this paper, 9 channel-independent GOG model, which is improved from conventional 3 channel GOG(gain, offset gamma) model, is used to consider channel interaction and enhance the modeling accuracy. Then, the input images have to be adjusted to compensate for the limited gamut of each display device. We proposed the gamut mapping and extension method, preserving lightness and hue of an original image and enhancing the saturation of an original image in xy chromaticity diagram. Since the hmm visual system is more sensitive to lightness and hue, these values are maintained as the values of input signal, and the enhancement of saturation is changed to the ratio of input and output gamut. Also the xy chromaticity diagram is effective to reduce the complexity of establishing gamut boundary and the process of reproducing moving-pictures in DTV display devices. As a result, reproducing accurate colors can be implemented when the proposed method is applied to LCD and PDP display devices

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.10
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• pp.12-21
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• 1996

The trellis shaping is the method of selecting a minimum weight sequence from an equivalent class of possible transmitted sequences. It is perforemed by searching through the trellis diagram of a shaping convolutional code Cs. A shaping gain of the order of 1dB may be obtained with a simple 4-state shaping code. But when the rellis shaping is applied to multi-dimensional constellation, the shaping gain is decreased and the transmission delay is increased, which make it difficult to apply the trellis shaping to multi-dimensional constellation. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, the shell mapping algorithm is used for the mapper in the proposed trellis shaping. The simulatio result shows that the proposed trellis shaping is better than coventional trellis shaping to multi-dimensional constellation. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, the shell mapping on multi-dimensional costellation with respect to shaping gain and transmission delay. And the constellation expansion ratio (CER) and the capacity of transmitted injformation are identical to those of conventional trellis shaping on multi-dimensional constellation.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

It is well known that multipoint and computerized intraoperative mapping systems improve the results of surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and show tremendous potential for opening an entirely new era of surgical intervention for the more common and lethal types of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias such as atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. In addition, the ability to map and ablate the sometimes fleeting automatic atrial tachycardia is greatly enhanced by computerized mapping systems. In this study, we have developed 64 channel computerized data analysis system using microcomputer (Macintosh ${II}_{x}$) for basic research of electrophysiology and electrical propagation. The bipolar electrogram information is acquired from 64 cardiac sites simultaneously at a sampling rate of 1 ksampls/sec with continuous and total data storage of up to 30 seconds. When the reference electrogram is selected and reference point is picked up, delay time from the reference point is displayed on two dimensional diagram of the heart. System design permits easy expansion to almost 256 simultaneous sites. this system is expected to enable us to study pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmia and to improve the result of diagnosis and surgical treatment for cardiac arrhythmia.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.95-118
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• 2011

In developing information systems, conceptual modeling is among the most fundamental means. The importance attributed to conceptual modeling has not only given rise to a lot of modeling methods, but also to the "yet another modeling approach (YAMA)" syndrome and the "not another modeling approach (NAMA)" hysteria. Criticism of conceptual modeling methods usually targets their lacking of theoretical foundations. In response to such criticism, various approaches towards theoretical foundations of conceptual modeling have been proposed so far. One of the recent responses to the quest for theoretical foundations of conceptual modeling is the reference to the philosophical ontology. The currently most prominent of diverse approaches towards ontological foundations of conceptual modeling appears to be the Bunge-Wand-Weber (BWW) ontology. Recent approaches attempt to regard BWW ontology as another conceptual data model as well as a criterion for evaluating various conceptual models. However, unfortunately, relatively few researches have been made on interoperability between the Entity-Relationship (ER) model, which is the most dominant conceptual data model, and ontology based model. In this paper, we investigate the interoperability between ontology and the ER model. In detail we (i) reclassify components of ER model with respect to ontology concepts, (ii) identify some components that cannot be directly represented in ontology notation, and (iii) present alternative representations to the components to acquire ontologically clear ER diagrams. Additionally, we (iv) present a set of mapping rules for converting the ontologically clear ER diagram into the corresponding ontology. In a case study, we show the process of converting an ER diagram for a concise Project Management System (PMS) into the ontologically clear ER diagram and the corresponding ontology. We also describe an experiment that we undertook to test whether users understand the Ontologically-Clear ER diagram better.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.68-77
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• 1990

In this paper, a neural patten recognition method for the automatic circuit diagram reading system is proposed. The proposed procedure to recognize a deformed logic symbols is composed of three stages: feature detection, log mapping, and pattern classification. In the feature detection stage, a modified competitive learning algorithm where each pattern has the inhibition weight as well as the activation weight is developed. The global information of hand-written logic symbols is obtained by the feature detection neural network having both the inhibition and activation weights. The obtained global data is then transformed into a log space by the conformal mapping where according to the Schwartz's theory about the human visual signal process-ing, the degree of rotation and the scale change are mapped into the translation change. Logic symbols are finally classified by a three layer perceptron trained by the error back propagation algorithm. The computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed multistage neural network system can recognize well the deformed patterns of hand-written logic circuit diagrams.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

With increasing amounts of information on the web and needs to access accurately them, it is very important to standardize metadata and to store and manage system. The RDF(Rdsource Description Framework) is a framework for representing exchanging, and reusing metadata. And, it can be processing uniformly the standardized metadata, because it uses XML(eXtensible Markup Language) syntax. The RDF schema provides a basic type system for use RDF models. In this paper, we propose rules and an algorithm to convert the RDF schema into an UML(Unified Modeling Language) class diagram and formal models to represent an object-oriented schema for the RDF schema. The proposed rules and algorithm are useful for natural mapping and the object modeling of RDF schema can be easily converted into the object-oriented schema, and the formal models supports an efficient environment for retrieving and processing object-oriented documents.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

In these days, Entity-Relationship Model is the most popular modeling tool for designing databases, and XML is a de facto standard language for representing and exchanging data. But, because of many commercial products supporting Entity-Relationship Model use their's own representation formats, and thus it gives rise to difficulties the inter-operability between these products. In this paper, we propose an ERX, a generation tool of XML Schema from Entity-Relationship Model. ERX receives an Entity-Relationship Diagram as an input, transforms it based on transformation rules, and generates a XML Schema Definition as an output. Transformation rules contain entity set, relationship set, mapping cardinalities, and generalization.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-124
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• 1998

Recently, as the importance placed on the design phase of system development has increased, the use of diagrams to design the overall system before implementing the actual program code has seen a proportionate increase. This study focuses on the diverse diagrams depicting organizational processes when integrating multiple processes of individual organizations to form an Inter-Organizational System(IOS). In this study, we attempt to identify the critical representation features of process diagrams that enable the effective integration of Inter-Organizational processes. In particular, the effect of the mapping relationship between the representation features of different diagrams to be integrated was tested empirically in a laboratory setting. The experimental task consisted of integrating the processes of two organization based upon the given process diagrams. Actual business processes were selected from real world cases and process diagrams were formulated based upon existing object-oriented notation. An analysis of the errors committed by the subjects during the integration process indicated that the mapping relationship between the diagram features representing the respective organizational processes had a significant impact upon the final integration outcome. Based upon these results, the present study provides a guideline for process diagrams that are crucial to effective Inter-Organizational process implementation and maintenance.