• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6143-6150
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• 2012

The current society, namely information society is now moving to a specific topic which is SMART. In this sense, recently a variety of social areas including communications and SOC domains are moving fast to this topic. In Korea, The electric power area has been doing a pioneering job relatively successfully and the water supply area is just now taking the first step. The purpose of this research is to develop a technical Framework for Smart Water Grid Service. Related researches has been studied and the 4 constituting technical element areas were defined first. For each of the four areas, a framework modeling was fulfilled and as a result, a TRM(Technical Road Map) was suggested for each of the area. Finally, an Enterprise TRM covering all of the 4 areas was described. Furthermore, the currently suggested Framework model was compared to a related model and it was found that the integration of the models is desirable to wholly cover from Macro to Micro level applications and services. It is expected that the current approach contribute, more or less, to the smart implementation in the areas of water management.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

The amount of damage and the area of damage to forest fires are increasing globally, and the effectiveness analysis of the restoration method after the damage is performed insufficient. This study calculated the area of forest fire damage was calculated using Sentinel-2B satellite images and stack map and the intensity of forest fire damage is analyzed according to the forest type. In addition, the vegetation index was calculated using various wavelength bands. Based on the results, the vegetation resilience by the restoration method was quantitatively. As results, areas with a high proportion of coniferous forests suffered high intensity forest fire damage, and areas with a relatively high ratio of mixed and broad-leaved forests tended to have low forest fire damage. Also, artificial forests showed a recovery of about 92.7% compared to before forest fires and natural forests showed a recovery of about 99.6% from the result of analyzing vegetation resilience in artificial and natural forests after forest fires. Accordingly, it was confirmed that natural forests after forest fire damage had superior vegetation resilience compared to artificial forests. It can be proposed that this study is meaningful in providing important information for efficiently restoring the affected target site and the selection criteria for trees to reduce forest fire damage through the evaluation of vegetation resilience by the intensity of forest fire damage and restoration methods.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 1999

Digital maps produced in Korea are various in scale and include a lot of geographic and attribute data. In this study, it is argued that, to reduce the production cost and the difficulties for renewal, it is necessary to establish the already nationally drawn 1:5,000 scale digital maps as the base maps and simplify them as much as the TIGER files in the U.S. The comprehensive data included in the digital maps in Korea are mostly land use information, which are supposed to be established separately from the digital maps. The land use information system could be maintained and updated cheaply and frequently at the local government level. In response to common needs, the land use information could be imported to GIS and used for analyses. As technologies and societies changes, the Census questions and methodologies should be changed for better uses. Along with GIS, the Census would be developed and processed more reliably and efficiently. Also, it is recommended for Korean government to develop the Census Tract and Block Group system. Current Eup, Myon, Dong as basic units for Census information may not be useful or effective for micro level urban analyses and public service planning activities because of their large population and land areas. It is recommended that optimum population of a Census Tract be 5,000 and a Block Groups 1,500, and one Census Tract includes 1~9 Block Groups. It is recommend that Census Tract and Block Group boundary lines be decided flexibly in light of population, physical features, socio-economic attributes, and tradition. For urban analyses using GIS, socio-economic census data, city government's information such as parcel data and building permit data, survey data, and satellite image data could also be used. The existence of Census Tracts and Block Groups as well as GIS could help for the data and methods to be useful for urban analyses and public service provisions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-8
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• 2011

Recently, the demand for enterprise for service map providing and portal site services of a 3D virtual city model for public users has been expanding. Also, accuracy of the data, transfer rate and the update for the update for the lapse of time emerge are considered as more impertant factors, by providing 3D information with the web or mobile devices. With the latest technology, we have seen various 3D data through the web. With the VRML progressing actively, because it can provide a virtual display of the world and all aspects of interaction with web. It offers installation of simple plug-in without extra cost on the web. LiDAR system can obtain spatial data easily and accurately, as supprted by numerous researches and applications. However, in general, LiDAR data is obtained in the form of an irregular point cloud. So, in case of using data without converting, high processor is needed for presenting 2D forms from point data composed of 3D data and the data increase. This study expresses urban LiDAR data in 3D, 2D raster data that was applied by compressing algorithm that was used for solving the problems of large storage space and processing. For expressing 3D, algorithm that converts compressed LiDAR data into code Suited to VRML was made. Finally, urban area was expressed in 3D with expressing ground and feature separately.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

International attention on the Northern Sea Route has been increased as the decreased sea-ice extents in Northern Sea raise the possibility to develop new sea routes and natural resources. However, to protect ships' safety and pristine environments in polar waters, International Maritime Organization(IMO) has been developing the Polar Code to regulate polar shipping. The marine navigation supporting system is essential for ships traveling long distance in the Northern Sea as they are affected by ocean weather and sea-ice. Therefore, to cope with the IMO Polar Code, this research proposes the functional requirements to develop the marine navigation supporting system for the Northern Sea Route. The functional requirements derived from the IMO Polar code consist of arctic voyage risk map, arctic voyage planning and MSI(Marine Safety Information) methods, based on which the navigation supporting system is able to provide dynamic and safe-economical sea route service using the sea-ice observation and prediction technologies. Also, a requirement of the system application is derived to apply the marine navigation supporting system for authorizing ships operating in the Northern Sea. To reflect the proposed system in the Polar Code, continual international exchange and policy proposals are necessary along with the development of sea-ice observation and prediction technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.120-134
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• 2015

InVEST Water Yield model developed by Natural Capital Project was applied for South Korea to assess domestic forest ecosystem's water provisioning services. The InVEST Water Yield model required 8 input dataset, including six spatial map data and two derived by coefficients. By running the model with relatively easy acquired and modified data, the result of domestic forest ecosystem's water provisioning services was 9,409,622,083 ton using the standard of the year 2011. The result showed similar patterns and distribution of rainfall in 2011, but showed difference when compared with existing researches spatially driven in nationwide statistical analysis results. This difference is assumed to occur with different model mechanism in spatial implementation and statistical analysis. So given that the model is currently still developing, applications should be taken on qualitative perspectives rather than on quantitative perspectives. Additionally, for advancing the application of InVEST water yield model, quantification of suitable input data and comparison using multi-modeling is required.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Cloud manufacturing is a new concept of manufacturing process that works like a single factory with connected multiple factories. The cloud manufacturing system is a kind of large-scale CPS that produces products through the collaboration of distributed manufacturing facilities based on technologies such as cloud computing, IoT, and virtualization. It utilizes diverse and distributed facilities based on centralized information systems, which allows flexible composition user-centric and service-oriented large-scale systems. However, the cloud manufacturing system is composed of a large number of highly heterogeneous subsystems. It has difficulties in interconnection, data exchange, information processing, and system verification for system construction. In this paper, we derive the user requirements of various aspects of the cloud manufacturing system, such as functional, human, trustworthiness, timing, data and composition, based on the CPS Framework, which is the analysis methodology for CPS. Next, by analyzing the user requirements we define the system requirements including scalability, composability, interactivity, dependability, timing, interoperability and intelligence. We map the defined CPS system requirements to the requirements of oneM2M, which is the platform standard for IoT, so that the support of the system requirements at the level of the IoT platform is verified through Mobius, which is the implementation of oneM2M standard. Analyzing the verification result, finally, we propose a large-scale cloud manufacturing platform based on oneM2M that can meet the cloud manufacturing requirements to support the overall features of the Cloud Manufacturing CPS with dependability.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.146-157
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• 2019

One of the most distinctive features of the South Korean rural environment is that the variation of weather or climate is large even within a small area due to complex terrains. The Geospatial Schemes based on Topo-Climatology (GSTP) was developed to simulate such variations effectively. In the present study, we reviewed the progress of the geospatial schemes for production of farm-scale agricultural weather data. Efforts have been made to improve the GSTP since 2000s. The schemes were used to provide climate information based on the current normal year and future climate scenarios at a landscape scale. The digital climate maps for the normal year include the maps of the monthly minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation in the past 30 years at 30 m or 270 m spatial resolution. Based on these digital climate maps, future climate change scenario maps were also produced at the high spatial resolution. These maps have been used for climate change impact assessment at the field scale by reprocessing them and transforming them into various forms. In the 2010s, the GSTP model was used to produce information for farm-specific weather conditions and weather forecast data on a landscape scale. The microclimate models of which the GSTP model consists have been improved to provide detailed weather condition data based on daily weather observation data in recent development. Using such daily data, the Early warning service for agrometeorological hazard has been developed to provide weather forecasts in real-time by processing a digital forecast and mid-term weather forecast data (KMA) at 30 m spatial resolution. Currently, daily minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, solar radiation quantity, and the duration of sunshine are forecasted as detailed weather conditions and forecast information. Moreover, based on farm-specific past-current-future weather information, growth information for various crops and agrometeorological disaster forecasts have been produced.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.367-377
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• 2018

A cultural ecosystem service(CES), which is non-material benefit that human gains from ecosystem, has been recently further recognized as gross national income increases. Previous researches proposed to quantify the value of CES, which still remains as a challenging issue today due to its social and cultural subjectivity. This study proposes new way of assessing CES which is called Cultural Service Opportunity Spectrum(CSOS). CSOS is accessibility based CES assessment methodology for regional scale and it is designed to be applicable for any regions in Korea for supporting decision making process. CSOS employed public spatial data which are road network and population density map. In addition, the results of 'Rapid Assessment of Natural Assets' implemented by National Institute of Ecology, Korea were used as a complementary data. CSOS was applied to Namyangju-si and the methodology resulted in revealing specific areas with great accessibility to 'Natural Assets' in the region. Based on the results, the advantages and limitations of the methodology were discussed with regard to weighting three main factors and in contrast to Scenic Quality model and Recreation model of InVEST which have been commonly used for assessing CES today due to its convenience today.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.169-185
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• 2016

Recently mean stand height has been added as new attribute to forest type maps, but it is often too costly and time consuming to manually measure 9,100,000 points from countrywide stereo aerial photos. In addition, tree heights are frequently measured around tombs and forest edges, which are poor representations of the interior tree stand. This work proposes an estimation of mean stand height using an image-based point cloud, which was extracted from stereo aerial photo with FUSION S/W. Then, a digital terrain model was created by filtering the DSM point cloud and subtracting the DTM from DSM, resulting in nDSM, which represents object heights (buildings, trees, etc.). The RMSE was calculated to compare differences in tree heights between those observed and extracted from the nDSM. The resulting RMSE of average total plot height was 0.96 m. Individual tree heights of the whole study site area were extracted using the USDA Forest Service's FUSION S/W. Finally, mean stand height was produced by averaging individual tree heights in a stand polygon of the forest type map. In order to automate the mean stand height extraction using photogrammetric methods, a module was developed as an ArcGIS add-in toolbox.