• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2014

Carbon footprint of apple was a sum of $CO_2$ emission in the step of manufacturing waste of agri-materials, and greenhouse gas emission during apple cultivation. Input amount of agri-materials was calculated on 2007 Income reference of Apple by Rural Development Administration. Emission factor of each agri- materials was based on domestic data and Ecoinvent data. $N_2O$ emission factor was based on 1996 IPCC guideline. Carbon dioxide was emitted 0.64 kg $CO_2$ to produce 1 kg apple fruit, and carbon dioxide was emitted 43.6% in the step of the manufacturing byproduct fertilizer, 1.3% in the step of the manufacturing single fertilizer, 4.7% in the step of the manufacturing composite fertilizer, 6.3% in the step of the manufacturing agri-chemicals, 14.6% in the step of the manufacturing fuel, 11.5% in the step of the fuel combustion, 17.7% of $N_2O$ emission by nitrogen application and 0.18% of disposal of agri-materials. It is needed for farmers to use fertilization recommendation based on soil testing (soil. rda.go.kr) because scientific fertilization is a major tools to reduce carbon dioxide of apple production. The fertilization recommendation could be also basic data in Measurable-ReporTablele-Verifiable (MRV) system for carbon footprint.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2004

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers　 health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the work environment and work condition factors affecting workers　 stress symptoms among the Korean manufacturing factory workers. A total of 7,818 factory workers employed in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by standardized industry classification, company size, and locations. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Work environments included physical work environments (temperature, noise, hazardous organic compounds, and so on) and psychological work environments (job demands, job control, and social support at work), and work conditions included daily working hour, rest time, and so on. Men were 71.5% and the mean age was 34.0 years old. The average working period in the present company was 6.9 years. The average stress score was 26.2 under the perfect score, 50, which means the moderate level of stress. Perceived stress had significant correlations with young age, poor physical work environment, high fatigue, bad perceived health status, and high job demands in Pearson's simple correlation analysis. Perceived health status and perceived fatigue explained 21% variance of stress symptoms and the work environment factor explained 4.8% of that; however, work condition did not have the sufficient effect. In particular, psychosocial work environment variables (job demand, job control, and social support at work) had a clear effect on stress symptoms rather than the physical work environments. Poor perceived health status, severe perceived fatigue, poor physical work environment, high job demands, low social support, heavy alcohol consumption and little exercise were significantly related to high stress symptoms in the Korean manufacturing workers.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2011

It seems required to determine what might affect the technological innovation activities of manufacturing companies and what kind of role they could play for them to carry out technological innovation activities in an effective way. The objective of the present study is thus to conduct a depth empirical analysis of the structural relations among business environment, technological innovation activities and performance of manufacturing companies. From the analysis, following outcomes could be drawn: First, with regard to the relationship between business environment and technological innovation activities of manufacturing companies, it has become clear that the external environment is a factor that can influence technological innovation activities such as management of technical property, technological innovation system as well as technical network, while it exercises no impact upon adaptation of manufacturers to new technologies. The internal environment, on the other hand, turns out to have influence on such overall factors of technological innovation activities as management of technical property, technological innovation system, adaptation to new technologies and technical network; and Second, as for the relationship between technological innovation activities and their performance, it has been obvious that management of technical property and technological innovation system, both factors of technological innovation activities, affect the performance of product development and financial achievements of manufacturing companies. Their adaptation to new technologies will also affect their performance of product development as well as financial achievements. These findings suggest that it is important for manufacturing companies to set up an operating system that may be able to upgrade the practical applicability of their technological development activities in an attempt to promote performance of their technological innovation activities.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.885-888
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• 1995

Virtual Manufacturing System(VMS) is a computer model that represents the precise and whole structure of manufacturing system and simulates their physical and logical behavior in operation. In this paper, a real time simulation for the virtual factory is proposed to integrate a process planning with scheduling under distributed environments. In order to communicate the information under distributed environment, weuse a sever/client concept and socket program. the VMS is implemented on the internet environment.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권spc호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2003

This paper traces the expanding role of simulation from its early beginning on mainframe computers to the $21^{st}$ Century's enterprise manufacturing environment of remote access and control. It includes an examination of the current and future role of integrated graphic animation as a primary medium of technical communications. The paper concludes with an example application of distance learning in the design, analysis, and operation of Programmable Logic Controllers on the Factory Floor of the future.

• 산업공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1999

Job efficiency and productivity of a manufacturing system with frequent job schedule changes are affected by performance of information system between job order planners anti manufacturing device operators. This paper describes implementation of concurrent information system which can active identify machine status and dispatch job orders to operators in a machine shop. Client and server environment for various machinery is implemented using OSI based network between shop floor control system and manufacturing devices. Portability and scalability are among many characteristics of the implemented system. The developed client and server system is expected to realize high productivity for manufacturing device.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.478-483
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• 2000

In this study to cope with the decreasing product's life-cycle a virtual simulator to realize the simulation environment similar to a real manufacturing line is developed. The developed simulator plays a role in reducing the product conversion time by alternating manufacturing components and work plans on the simulation as manufacturing lines change and actuating a virtual manufacturing lines change and actuating a virtual manufacturing line before a real production. The developed simulator realized a virtual manufacturing line on the simulation using various manipulators and work cells as manufacturing components. Also It can be shown that the simulator can cope with rapid change of a manufacturing line by developing a interface that a separate process is managed for each manufacturing module and a manipulator component and a work cell are changed for a user to become convenient to teach tasks of each work module. using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and OpenGL of Silicon Graphics for libraries to realize 3-dimensional graphic and constructing a database system, a hybrid type of hierachical and relational model to develop a progra that has efficiency and standardization.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Nowadays, the increasing global competition forces manufacturer to reduce the cost and time for implementation of manufacturing system. The AR(augmented reality) technology as a new human-machine interface introduces a noteworthy perspective for a new manufacturing system design. Using AR technology, a physically existing production environment can be superimposed with virtual planning objects. Therefore, the planning tasks can be validated without modeling the surrounding environment of the production domain during short process planning time. In this paper, we introduce the construction of AR browser and determine the optimal environment parameters for field application of AR system through lots of tests. And, many methods such as multi-marker coordinate system, division of virtual objects and so on, are proposed in order to solve the problems suggested from initial field test. Based on these tests and results, the test-bed of C/Pad assembly system is configured and robot program for C/Pad assembly is generated based on AR system.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

The workplace noise environment is composed of three basic elements : manufacturing (in a generic sense) facilities, office areas, and the community around the facility. Work must be done by all employees , and this involves communication within a variety of locations within the facility ; areas may be extremely noisy, moderately noisy, or quiet, such as an office. At the same time, the facility should not be annoying to the community. In this paper, the workplace environmental noise of office areas in power plant are studied. Turbine generator in power plant generates the noise of 90∼95 dB(A) in the frequency range of 1 kHz, which may cause occupational hearing loss. By abatement method which are made of isolation material and distance damping effect, about 29.5 dB(A) reduction has been obtained in office areas of the Power Plant . But, the workplace environmental noise of office areas in the power plant is not suited to office's purpose.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.126-136
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• 1997

This paper describes a task level cell programming environment that deals with difficulties in programming Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMCs), and consists of the cell programming editor and the automatic generation module. In the cell programming editor, cell programs can be developed with task- oriented cell specifications that reduces the amount of details to be considered by cell programmers. The automatic generation module transforms task specifications into executable programs used by cell constituents. The development tool in designing the environment is an object-oriented approach which provides a simple to use and intuitive user interface, and allows for an easy development of object models associated with the environment. Test results are illustrated in order to demonstrate the applicability of the developed envifonment.