• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2015

Purpose: Impaired reaching movement is commonly observed in children with cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the inclination of seat surface can influence the reaching movement in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The subjects were 31 children, 16 children with spastic bilateral CP and 15 typically developing (TD) children. The children performed static sitting and forward reaching under three conditions: a horizontal seat surface (Horizontal $0^{\circ}$), a seat surface inclined anterior 15 degrees (Ant $15^{\circ}$), and a seat surface inclined posterior 15 degrees (Post $15^{\circ}$). A 3-axis accelerometer ('ZSTAR3') was used for analysis of the reaching movement. A 3-axis accelerometer was attached on the manubrium of the sternum, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and styloid process of the ulna. We measured the reaction time, movement time, and data amount during reaching the 8 cm target with an index finger on the three inclined seat surfaces. Results: Reaction time and movement time for CPs showed significant delay; comparing the TD's and CP's amount was significantly greater than the TD's during reaching task (p<0.05). In particular, CP's reaction time and movement time on a seat surface inclined Ant $15^{\circ}$ was significantly more delayed compared with the other seat surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that seat-inclination intervention may provide an ergonomic approach for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2019

The present study was performed to identify the nematodes recovered from the Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius brandtii, from Daejeon Metropolitan City, the Republic of Korea. Total five nematode worms were detected in the body cavities of two out of the twenty birds necropsied, and they were identified using morphological features, light and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular (18S rRNA analysis) methods. The nematodes were all female Diplotriaena manipoli and had numerous eggs at different developmental stages in the uterus. The nematodes were long and slender measuring about 123-145 mm. The eight submedian cephalic papillae were arranged into four large, outer papillae and four small, inner-circle papillae. A pair of amphidal pores were located at the lateral portion of the mouth. The manubrium apex of trident was rounded and three branches of trident were bluntly rounded at the posterior ends. Using 18S rRNA partial sequence arrangements, DNA analysis of nematode worms was also carried out, and they were identified to be close to the Serratospiculum tendo based on a phylogenic tree analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular characterization and SEM study of D. manipoli.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2001

Median cleft of the lower lip and/or mandible is a rare congenital anomaly, first mentioned by Couronne in 1819. Monroe(1966), Fujino(1970), Ranta(1984) and Oostrom(1996) conducted comprehensive reviews and list cases in literature. Median cleft varies greatly, from a simple vermilion notch to a complete cleft of the lip involving the tongue, the chin, the mandible, the supporting structures of the median of the neck, and the manubrium sterni. The associated anomalies include ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, neck contraction, heart lesion, absence of hyoid bone, and so on. The etiology of median cleft is unknown. Various possibilities, such as failure of mesodermal penetration into the midline, failure of fusion of mandibular processes, external factors apart from the embryogenic pattern such as pressure, position in utero, circulatory failure caused placental adhesion, diseases in pregnancy, and so on, have been discussed. A 8-year-old girl was referred to the Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital and had been aware of the fact that at birth "she had something wrong with her mouth." Shortly after birth she had been examined by a plastic surgeon and at that time surgical procedure had been performed to release the tongue from the lower jaw and lip at local hospital. On admission, she had a slight notching of lower lip and two fibrous frenum ran from the lip along the ventral surface of the tongue, diastema between her mandibular central incisors, and slightly constricted bifid mandible associated independent movement of the two halves of mandible. The patient had autogenous iliac bone graft to reconstruct the mandibular midline defect. The postoperative result was uneventful. In future, the correction of the soft tissue deformities such as notching of the lower lip and partial ankyloglossia will be required for the esthetic and functional improvement.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1996

The survey on branchial anomalies was conducted by Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. A total of 173 cases were reported, which were managed by 36 members and cooperators during the three years from January 1, 1993 through December 31, 1995. The following results were obtained by retrospective analysis of the 173 cases of branchial anomalies. The presenting symptoms were cervical mass in 101 cases, pit with or without discharge in 71, cervical abscess in 47 and respiratory difficulty in 3. The average age of the patients with cervical abscess was 52 months. Seventy(79%) of 89 patients with branchial anomalies and a cystic mass had their first clinical manifestations by 1 year of age, while 40(51%) of 78 patients with only a branchial cyst had their first clinical manifestation in first year of life. Radiologic studies were carried out in 77 patients (43%). The preferred diagnostic modalities were ultrasonography(47 patients), simple neck radiogram(19) and CT scan(17). Preoperative diagnosis was correctly made in 156(91%) of 173 patients. Seventeen patients were incorrectly diagnosed as thyroglossal duct cyst in 5 patients, cystic hygroma in 4, dermoid cyst in 3, and lymphadenopathy in 3. There were no remarkable difference in sex and laterality of presentation but bilateral lesions were found in 9(5%) patients and unusual locations of the anomalies were the manubrium, left subclavicular area, median cervial area, preauricular and parotid area. There were 78(45%) patients with cyst, 52(30%) patients with sinus, 35(20%) patients with fistula and 8(5%) patient with skin tag. Embryological classification was possible in only 64(37%) patients. The 2nd branchial anomaly was present in 50(78%), the 1st branchial anomaly in 10(18%), and the 3rd or 4th branchial anomaly in 4(6%). Histopathological study of the lining epithelium(N=134) is recorded that 45% were lined with squamous epithelium, 17% with respiratory epithelium, 6% with. squamous and respiratory epithelium, 14% with inflammatory change. Lymphoid tissue was common(62%) in the wall of the lesions. Twelve(7%) of 158 patients had postoperative complications including wound complication, recurrence and facial nerve palsy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.503-507
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• 2007

지하수 유동 모델에 반영되는 유역의 수리지질학적, 수문학적 특징들은 지하수 유동 특성에 주요한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 현장 특성들이다. 상기 특징들을 최대한 반영하기 위하여 438개의 관정자료를 토대로 갑천 유역(유역 면적 $648.3km^2$)의 대수층 구조 특성을 분석하고, 24개의 하천 자료를 이용하여 지하수 유동 모델을 구축하였다. 그리고 검 보정된 준분포형 유출모형(SWAT)의 22개 소유역의 지하수 함양량 결과를 3차원 지하수 유동 모델(MODFLOW)과 연계하여 갑천 유역의 광역 지하수 유동 특성을 평가하였다. 모의된 지하수위와 86개 지하수 관측정의 지하수위 비교에서 결정계수는 0.9918, 유역 전체의 물교환량의 상대오차율이 약 0.57%로 갑천 유역의 지하수 유동 특성을 잘 반영하였다. 갑천 유역의 지하수는 지형 및 대수층 특성과 하천의 영향에 의하여 전반적으로 유역 남쪽에서 북쪽으로 유동하는데 산지 지역에 존재하는 하천들은 손실과 이득 하천의 형태를 반복하는 반면, 갑천 중 하류 부분과 갑천-유등천 합류 부근은 이득하천의 형태를 보이고 있다. 그리고 소유역별 지하수 물교환량 분석한 결과, 상기 지역을 포함하는 소유역의 하천 공급원이 해당 유역의 지하수 함양량보다 지하수 유동 체계에 따라 인근 소유역에서 공급되는 지하수 유입량 비율이 훨씬 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 유등천 중 상류 지역의 소유역을 제외한 산지 지역의 경우는 하천 공급원이 지하수 유동 체계에 의한 유입량보다 해당 유역 내에서 공급되는 지하수 함양량 비율이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 지표수와 지하수의 상호작용 및 하천 유출에 지하수 유동 특성이 주요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 평가되었다.ens 4.4% (2.19)로 나타났다. 4. 全모기類의 月別 捕獲個體數에 對한 百分率은 다음과 같다. 5月 : 0.1% (1981年), 0.0% (1982年); 6月 : 3.5%, 1.3%; 7月 : 50.0%, 33.9%; 8月 : 37.1%, 52.1%; 9月 : 8.8%, 11.9%; 10月 : 0.5%, 0.8%; 11月 : 0.1%. 5. 모기類의 出現은 1981年과 1982年 모두 5月初로서 共通性을 지니고 있으나 增加勢를 보이는 것은 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 1981年은 6月 첫째 週이고 1982年은 前年度보다 3週 앞당겨진 5月 둘째 週였다. 6. 發生最大 peak는 1981年이 7月 다섯째 週이고, 1982年은 2週가 늦은 8月 둘째 週였다. 7. Culex (Culex) pipiens pallens의 最大發生 peak는 1981年度에 7月 다섯째 週, 1982年度는 2週 앞당겨진 7月 셋째 週였다. 8. Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus summoro년의 最大發生 peak는 1981年, 1982年 모두 8月 둘째 週였다. 9. Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis의 最大發生 peak는 1981年에 7月 다섯째 週, 1982年은 2週 앞당겨진 7月 셋째 週였다. 10. 重要 3種의 最大 peak를 比城하면 Culex (Culex) pipiens pallens와 Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis는 1981年과 1982年 모두 最大 peak時期가 同一하였으며, Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus summoro년는 2年間 모두 8月둘째 週에 나타났다.osterior to manubrium and anterio

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 1984

국내의 다음세대 컴퓨터 개발을 위한 VLSI 설계와 CAD 분야에 대한 연구 방향을 제시한다. 연구의 목표는 국제적으로 경쟁할 수 있는 VLSI 설계능력과 백만개 정도의 트랜지스터로 자성된 회로를 경제적으로 설계하기 위한 CAD 기술과 System의 확립이다. ·새로운 회로 구조와 알고리즘에 대한 연구 · CAD 도구와 언어의 개발에 관한 첨단 CAD 기술개발연구 · VLSI 설계에 필요한 CAD 도구 이용과 개발에 필요한 표준 인터페이스, 네트워킹, 컴퓨팅 하드웨어. 시스템 소프트웨어에 대한 연구등의 부분으로 크게 나눌 수 있다. 이용 가능한 CAD system을 평가하고 개선하며 첨단 CAD에 대한 소프트웨어와 하드웨어에 대해 · 컴퓨팅 하드웨어 · 프로그램 분위기 · 네트워킹 능력 ·자료 교환을 위한 표준인터페이스 등에 관해 조사분석도 병행한다. CAD에 관한 세부적인 연구 과제는 · 시스템 사양언어 · 설계 검증 ·시스템시뮬레이션· 설계 합성 · 설계 해석· 설계 방법론·디바이스와 공정 모델링 프로그램 등이다. 고속 계산용 VLSI에 관한 구조와 알고리즘은 행렬 계산을 위한 ·분산 배열 처리 회로 ·시스토릭 (Systolic) 배열 회로 ·셀률라(Cellular) 논리 회로 · 3차원 배열 회로 와 · 비규칙적 계산 알고리즘을 갖는 VLSI가 있다. VLSI설계훈련과 CAD 기술 축적을 위해 CAD enter를 설립하여 전국적인 CAD 네트워킹을 관계 연구소와 여러 대학에 가설하며, MPC 계획을 추진한다. VLSI설계 가능성이 입증되면 VLSI 설계능력을 더욱 향상 시키기 위해 0.5∼1.0mm기술의 silicon faundary를 설립한다. 연구 개발 조직은 대학, 산업체. 연구소가 삼위일체가 되어 수행될 수 있도록 연구 개발 위원회를 설치 운영하며 경쟁적이며 경제적으로 연구 업무를 집행하는 것이 바람직하다.았다.형질에 관여하는 귀전자에 미치는 기구에 대하여 검토할 여타가 있다고 보여진다. 분해능의 특징으로 미루어 앞으로는 레이저를 이용한 계측 방법이 그 주류를 이룰 것으로 사료된다. 우선 본 해설은 기체의 온도 및 농도의 광학적 측정방법중 Raman산란광 검출법에 대하여 실제로 측정하는 입장에서 간단히 소개한다.lity)이, 높은 $GA_3$함량에 기인된다'는 주장은 본실험(本實驗)으로 부인(否認)되었다. 따라서, 응용학적(應用學的) 측면에서 고려해 볼 때, 리베스식물(植物)의 육종기간 단축을 위한 모든 화아분화(花芽分化) 촉진 조치는 P.J.-식물(植物)이 20. node이상 생육하였을 때 취하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 결론 지어진다.앞당겨진 7月 셋째 週였다. 8. Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus summoro년의 最大發生 peak는 1981年, 1982年 모두 8月 둘째 週였다. 9. Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis의 最大發生 peak는 1981年에 7月 다섯째 週, 1982年은 2週 앞당겨진 7月 셋째 週였다. 10. 重要 3種의 最大 peak를 比城하면 Culex (Culex) pipiens pallens와 Anopheles (Anopheles) sinensis는 1981年과 1982年 모두 最大 peak時期가 同一하였으며, Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus summoro년는 2年間 모두 8月둘째 週에 나타났다.osterior to manubrium and anterior to aortic arch) replacing the normal mediastinal fat. (2) In benign thymoma, the marging of the mass was smooth and the normal fat

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.368-372
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• 1999

Background: Although there have been few reports about minimal skin incision for the repair of congenital heart lesions, minimizing an unsightly scar is a particularly important factor in growing children. We have adopted a technique that permits standard full sternotomy, conventional open chest cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic cross-clamping, left atrial vent, and antegrade cardioplegia with minimal surgical scar. Material and Method: With minimal skin incision and full sternotomy, 40 patients with congenital heart disease underwent open heart surgery from April 1997 through September 1997. Defects repaired included 30 ventricular septal defects, 4 atrial septal defects, and 1 sinus Valsalva aneurysm in 35 children(M:F=17: 18), and 3 Atrial septal defects, 1 ventricular septal defect, and 1 partial atrioventricular septal defect in 5 adults(M:F=1:4). Midline skin incision was performed from the second intercostal space to 1 or 2 cm above the xiphoid process. For full sternotomy, we used the ordinary sternal saw in sternal body, and a special saw in manubrium under the skin flap. During sternal retraction, surgical field was obtained by using two retractors in a crossed direction. Result: The proportion of the skin incision length to the sternal length was 63.1${\pm}$3.9%(5.2∼11cm, mean 7.3cm) in children, and 55.0${\pm}$3.5%(10∼13.5cm, mean 12cm) in adults. In every case, the aortic and venous cannulations could be done through the sternal incision without additional femoral cannulation. There was no hospital death, wound infection, skin necrosis, hematoma formation, or bleeding complication. Conclusion: We conclude that minimal skin incision with full sternotomy can be a safe and effective alternative method for the repair of congenital heart diseases in children and adults.