• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2007

If the effort(manpower) and schedule are estimated, there is very difficult to allocate the manpower according to the schedule time units efficiently. Generally, the Putnam's Rayleigh Model has been applied popularly. This distribution model is expressing topology that manpower is consumed concentrically in first-half point. But actual manpower of projects are consumed concentrically at middle or second half point. Therefore, this model cannot be applied in software project planning area. This paper suggests a model to distribute manpower efficiently. Fist of all, we investigate a typical type presenting in software development field and manpower profile type of actuality development projects. Next, we suggested a method to present the model by a drawing a contour about manpower profile for the efficient manpower distribution. The proposed model shows better performance than Rayleigh and Gomma model. By applying proposed model, we will properly distribute manpower to schedule in software development planning phase, and finally we may manage project successfully.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.5
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• pp.1123-1132
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• 2004

Successful project planning relies on a good estimation of the manpower required to complete a project. The good estimation can be derived from Rutnam's Rayleigh Model or Phillai et al.'s Gamma Model. These models only can be applied for the projects which the need of manpower is increased exponentially and the highest of manpower is required at the end of development phase. However, in a practical project, most manpower is required during development phase and a small amount of manpower is assigned during maintenance phase. In addition, the Waterfall Model and Unified Process only can be adopted for development phase. So the current development environments cannot be adopted into the existing manpower distribution models which the highest manpower is required at the end of development phase. This paper suggests an appropriate model for development phase to solve this problem. First, the appropriate manpower distribution for development phase of the Waterfall model was derived from Putnam's manpower distribution and then manpower distribution of development phase was derived for Unified Process. After comparing the required manpower of two Processes, total manpower distribution is similar each other even though the required manpower and task is different for each point of development phase. From this result, a unified model is derived and it can be applied for both development processes.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2004

Successful project planning relies on a good estimation of the manpower required to complete a project in addition to the schedule options that may be available. Existing software manpower estimation models present the total manpower and instantaneous manpower distribution for the software life cycle. Putnam's Rayleigh and Phillai et al.'s Gamma models present a model with assumption that the manpower is needed at the system delivery. This means that 40 percent of total manpower is applied at the software development, and the other 60% is applied during maintenance phase. However Warburton observes the manpower is needed during development phase with the peak at the completion of the software design phase. So, the existing models were not appropriate to be applied to practical projects. This paper suggests the Sigmoid model which does not consider the point of manpower peak to fix the problem above. The suggested model showed some improvement when practical data was applied. Therefore, the Sigmoid model can be used as alternative of Rayleigh and Gamma model to estimate distribution of manpower during software development phas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.149-162
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design of a probabilistic model for optimum manpower planning in R&D department by Montecarlo simulation. Methods: We investigate the process and the requirement of manpower planning and scheduling in R&D department. The empirical distributions of necessary time and manpower for R&D projects are developed. From the empirical distributions, we can estimate a probability distribution of optimum manpower in R&D department. A simulation method of estimating the probability distribution of optimum manpower is considered. It is a useful tool for obtaining the sum, the variance and other statistics of the distributions. Results: The real industry cases are given and the properties of the model are investigated by Montecarlo Simulation. we apply the model to the research laboratory of the global company, and investigate and compensate the weak points of the model. Conclusion: The proposed model provides various and correct information such as average, variance, percentile, minimum, maximum and so on. A decision maker of a company can easily develop the future plan and the task of researchers may be allocated properly. we expect that the productivity can be improved by this study. The results of this study can be also applied to other areas including shipbuilding, construction, and consulting areas.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

The efficiency of fabrication (fab) operation is one of the key factors in order for a semiconductor manufacturing company to stay competitive. Optimization of manpower and forecasting manpower needs in a modern fab is an essential part of the future strategic planing and a very important to the operational efficiency. As the semiconductor manufacturing technology has entered the 8-inch wafer era, the complexity of fab operation increases with the increase of wafer size. The wafer handling method has evolved from manual mode in 6-inch wafer fab to semi-automated or fully automated factory in 8-inch and 12-inch wafer fab. The distribution of manpower requirement in each specialty varied as the trend of fab operation goes for downsizing manpower with automation and outsourcing maintenance work. This paper is to study the specialty distribution of manpower from the requirement in a typical 6-inch, 8-inch to 12-inch wafer fab. The human resource planning in today’s fab operation shall consider many factors, which include the stability of technical talents. This empirical study mainly focuses on the human resource planning, the manpower distribution of specialty structure and the forecast model of internal demand/supply in current semiconductor manufacturing company. Considering the market fluctuation with the demand of varied products and the advance in process technology, the study is to design a headcount forecast model based on current manpower planning for direct labour (DL) and indirect labour (IDL) in Taiwan’s fab. The model can be used to forecast the future manpower requirement on each specialty for the strategic planning of human resource to serve the development of the industry.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 1997

The distribution of staff in a hierachial organization has been studied in a variety of forms and models. Results here show that the promotion process follows a binomial distribution with parameters n and $\alpha=e^{-pt}$ and the recruitment process follows a poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda$. Futhermore, the mean time to promotion in the grade was estimated.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.7 s.96
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• pp.1491-1498
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• 2004

Successful project planning relics on a good estimation of the manpower required to complete a project, together with the schedule options that may be available. Despite the extensive research done developing new and better models, existing software manpower estimation models are present only the total manpower or instantaneous manpower distribution according to the testing time for the software life-cycle. This paper suggests the manpower estimating models for software testing phase as well as testing process and debugging process in accordance with de-tected faults. This paper presents the polynomial model for effort based on testing and debugging faults. These models are verified by 5 different software project data sets with coefficient of determination and mean magnitude of relative error for adaptability of model.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.661-671
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• 1993

In order to compare the geographical distribution of physician by level of medical care and specialty, a log linear model was applied to the annual registration data of the Korean Medical Association as of the end of December, 1991 which was supplemented from related institutions and adjusted with relevant sources. Those physicians in primary and secondary care institutions were not statistically significantly unevenly distributed by province-level catchment area. There were some differences in physician distribution among big cities, medium and small-sized cities, and counties; however, those physicians for primary care level were equitably distributed between cities and counties. Specialties for secondary care physicians were less evenly distributed in county areas than in city areas, and generalists are distributed more evenly in cities and counties than in big cities. There is a certain limitation due to underregistration in the annual physician registration to the Korean Medical Association; however, the geographical distribution of physicians has been improved quantitatively. It is strongly suggested that specialties and the level of medical care should be considered for further physician manpower studies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.93-107
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to derive directions and implications for improving performance in operating agrifood export organizations by identifying significant performance impact factors. Research design, data, and methodology - A seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model was estimated using data from a survey conducted among 120 exporters including 16 leading export organizations. In the SUR estimation, the export volume and price are used as dependent variables and securing the quantity of products ordered and exported, quality management, and marketing activities are considered as explanatory variables for the operation performance. Results - The amount of farmer education, the manpower in charge of marketing, and the interaction terms between whether or not they belong to a leading export organization and the item dummy for mushrooms have a significant impact on the export volume where the export volume is specified as a dependent variable. The export volume is greater with a greater amount of farmer education and greater manpower in charge of marketing from the perspective of quality management. When the export price is estimated as a dependent variable, the manpower in charge of marketing is shown to have a significant impact on the export price. Conclusions - The government needs to strengthen its support of the performance of agrifood export organizations. The analysis indicates that the education of and consulting with farmers, and the manpower number in charge of marketing are key factors in the operation performance of export organizations. Therefore, supporting the export organizations in expanding their human resources in charge of marketing can increase the export volumes for agrifoods. Given, however, that the export volume associated with joint payments, human resources specialized in quality management, and the amount of participation in export exhibitions are not significant factors, it is essential to improve the supporting policies for those areas. The manpower in charge of marketing from the perspective of marketing has a significant impact on both the export volume and export price. Thus, we identify this as the most important category that should be supported to enhance performance in export organizations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1982

Some observations from the examination of actual manhour curves for the power plant design engineering obtained from Sargent & Lundy Engineers and of a few of the model curves proposed by Bechtel, are analyzed in this paper. A model curve representing typical design engineering manhour has been determined as a probability density function for the Gamma Distribution. By means of this model curve, we strategically forecast the future engineering manpower requirements to meet the Government's long range nuclear power plan. As a sensitivity analysis, the directions for the localization of nuclear power plant design engineering, are studied in terms of the performance factor for the experienced versus inexperienced engineers.