• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.970-975
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• 2012

In Sasang constitutional medicine, doctors diagnose and treat patients according to their Sasang consitutition (SC) type. In this work, by a clinical test with a radial pulse tonometer, we investigated radial pulse properties which were significant in distinguishing unhealthy subjects from healthy subjects for each SC type. We measured radial pulse properties on left and right Gwan locations with a pulse tonometer for 299 elderly female subjects of age of 50 years old or above. We used a newly developed SCAT system to determine subjects' SC types. Subjects' health levels of either healthy or unhealthy were determined independently by two Korean medical doctors. To investigate the statistical differences, we used either of Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the normality of distribution of test statistic. For TE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in heart rate, systolic to diastolic period, pulse depth, while they showed significant decreases in width of pulse in normal direction, pulse area in diastolic period, and high harmonic components (6th, 7th) of power spectral density. For SE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in pulse pressure and pulse depth, while no significant differences were found for SY type. We investigated the characteristic differences in radial pulse properties due to change in health levels on each SC type for elderly females. Pulse variables which were significantly different between healthy subjects and unhealthy subjects were found to vary between SC types. For TE type subjects, many variables were found significant at the left Gwan location, which is in support of the theory of hyperactive liver functioning for TE type. Irrespective of the constitution, the related changes in the pulse properties due to worsened health level were in support of elevated blood flow amount in compensation with weakened blood circulatory function.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the microleakage in class II cavity resin restorations used with resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) lining material depending on two different applying methods; classical delivery method using a dental explorer and a specially designed rotating bur. Materials and Methods: A total thirty-six extracted teeth were prepared with a class II proximal box, and randomly divided into three groups: 1) control group with no lining added and the proximal box restored (Group I), 2) the second group used RMGI as a lining material which was spread with an explorer (Group II), 3) the third group used a specially designed rotating bur to thin out RMGI (Group III). All teeth were restored with the same manner using incrementally placed resin composite. All 36 teeth were prepared and sectioned for the dye penetration test, and observed with a stereomicroscope for scoring the dye penetration. Results: When RMGI liners were used, both groups using an explorer and the special bur with the liner had significantly less microleakage than the control group with no liner (P < 0.05). The 50% of the group with RMGI liner using the bur showed no microleakage under a dye penetration test whereas all the teeth in control group showed microleakage of different degrees. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group II and Group III. Conclusion: RMGI is an effective lining material to decrease microleakage in class II composite resin restorations regardless of applying methods.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.66-80
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of nursing interventions based on the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB) regarding self-efficacy for exercise (SEE), physical activity (PA), physical function (PF), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with lung cancer who have undergone pulmonary resection. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 in two university-affiliated hospitals. The intervention included pre-operative patient education, goal setting (action and coping planning), and feedback (behavior intention and perceived behavioral control). The intervention group (IG) (n=51) received nursing interventions from the day before surgery to 12 months after lung resection, while the comparison group (CG) (n=36) received usual care. SEE, PA, PF (dyspnea, functional status, and 6-minute walking distance [6MWD]), and QOL were measured before surgery and at one, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. Data were analyzed using the χ² test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, and generalized estimation equations (GEE). Results: There were significant differences between the two groups regarding SEE (χ²=13.53, p=.009), PA (χ²=9.51, p=.049), functional status (χ²=10.55, p=.032), and 6MWD (χ²=15.62, p=.004). Although there were no time or group effects, the QOL mental component (Z=-2.78, p=.005) of the IG was higher than that of the CG one month after surgery. Interventions did not affect dyspnea or the QOL physical component. Conclusion: The intervention of this study was effective in improving SEE, PA, functional status, and 6MWD of lung cancer patients after lung resection. Further extended investigations that utilize ETPB are warranted to confirm these results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6169-6179
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• 2015

This study examined the effectiveness of a autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program in girls high school students. The study was carried out with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the present study were 47 girls high school students in G and K city. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=23) who participated in the autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program, and a control group (n=24) who did not participate. Data were collected from 1 April 2013 through 26 April 2013. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 18.0 with the Chi-square test, Fisher' exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test. The experimental group had significantly different in cigarettes smoked per day(p=.044), cotinine in saliva(p=.048), perceived motivation(p=.001) and autonomous regulation(p=.027) in comparison to the control group. The autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program, when delivered to girls high school students who smoked, was effective in discouraging the smoking habit, and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for girls high school students who smoke.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy with natural recovery in patients who had dysphagia due to stroke. Swallowing functions were examined on a total of 98 patients with stroke-caused dysphagia based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) for 8 weeks. The each group was evaluated with DOSS, DSS and FOSS to assess swallowing ability in the first week and re-evaluated in the $8^{th}$ week during the session for investigating the recovery status. The author compared the above initial data and follow-up data using a Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test, ANCOVA to confirm statistically controlling for the effects of other continuous variables, performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 for windows. There was statistically significant recovery in the experimental group except measure of DOSS (p>0.05). In the control group, it showed improvement in all the scales(p<0.05). After terminating each session, the comparison of the two group of patients showed statistical significant differences in DSS and FOSS(p<0.05). These results suggest that possibility of natural neurologic recovery has positive effects on early stage of dysphagia caused by stroke.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.651-664
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• 2019

Objectives: This study surveyed the application of Comprehensive Dental Hygiene Care (CDHC), based on non-surgical periodontal therapy within the educational curricula of Korean universities and examined whether they recognized the need for CDHC. Methods: This study analyzed data from professors of dental hygiene practicum related subjects in 75 Korean universities. The collected data were analyzed using a Chi-square test, a Mann-Whitney U-test, and a Kruskal Wallis test via SPSS (Ver. 21.0). Results: First, the application scope of CDHC was higher in four-year universities than three-year ones with the scope of several characteristics increasing along with enrollment quota. The application scope of dental hygiene plans and actions increased with the number of patient practices in terms of periodontal evaluations. Second, the needs of the dental hygiene courses were more than 4 points in all characteristics. Although four-year universities exhibited higher points than three-year ones, there was no significant difference found except other test. Finally, all universities based their dental hygiene courses on case histories, oral and maxillofacial information, hard tissue modules, periodontal issues, and other tests, with needs also being high. Meanwhile, the application scope of the dental hygiene course evaluations was lowest in all characteristics. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in dental hygiene curricula among the universities. However, highly qualified and standardized educational courses and lectures should be developed by the Korean evaluation center for dental hygiene curricula using various studies as the basis of theory and practical classes, the total number of terms, number of case studies used, number of students per class, ratio of students to professor, and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2023

Objectives: Suspending bisphosphonates (BPs) to reduce the risk and severity of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) remains controversial. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the clinical significance of BP suspension before surgery in osteoporosis patients with MRONJ. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 24 osteoporosis patients with MRONJ who were treated from 2012 to 2020 at Seoul National University Dental Hospital and compared the treatment outcomes of those who suspended BPs with those who did not. The number of surgical interventions, follow-up panoramic radiographs for relative bone density measurement, and laboratory blood tests including white blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, absolute neutrophil count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and alkaline phosphatase were analyzed. ANOVA, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare results. Fisher's exact test was used to discover the association between treatment outcome and BP suspension, and Pearson's correlation test was used to measure the statistical relationship between the changes in serum inflammatory markers. Results: The number of interventions was significantly higher in the non-drug suspension group due to recurrence (P<0.05). The relative bone density in patients who suspended BPs was significantly different over time (P<0.05), with the highest density at one-year follow-up. Fisher's exact test shows an association between successful treatment outcomes and BP suspension. The alkaline phosphatase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels decreased significantly in the BP-suspended group, and a positive correlation was found between these elevated markers. Conclusion: A significant increase in bone density throughout follow-up and a lower number of interventions were found in the BP suspension group compared to the non-drug suspension group. Also, BP suspension decreased inflammatory markers in the serum after surgery, resulting in good treatment outcomes. BP suspension is a prognostic factor for MRONJ and should be implemented before surgery.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2024

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between rehabilitation treatment, mental state and resilience of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation by examining the correlation between The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and the Korean version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC). Methods: All 104 participants (44 diagnosed with stroke who were receiving rehabilitation and 60 without stroke or psychiatric history) completed the CSEI-s, K-CD-RISC, and Questionnaire for stroke symptoms. All data were analyzed using by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) ver. 27.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: As a result of the CSEI-s, compared to the control group, the stroke group showed significantly lower Joy (喜) scores and significantly higher scores for Depression (憂) and Sorrow (悲). With a morbidity period of 12 months or less, the Thought (思) score was significantly higher. The Fear (恐) score was significantly higher when the rehabilitation was initiation more than 4~8 weeks after than that when the treatment was started immediately. Meanwhile, the K-CD-RISC score was significantly higher when rehabilitation was started immediately. In the stroke group, the K-CD-RISC score was positively correlated with Joy (喜) but negatively correlated with Depression (憂) and Fear (恐). In the control group, K-CD-RSIC showed a positive correlation with Joy (喜) but negative correlations with Depression (憂), Sorrow (悲), and Fear (恐). Conclusions: In addition to early rehabilitation treatment, mental approach through Korean medicine psychotherapy is crucial for enhancing the resilience of stroke patients.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2001

It is known that aggressive treatment of chemotherapy, radiation and autogenous stem cell transplantation is effective for prevention of recurrence in the high-risk breast cancer patients. It was assumed that this procedure takes a longer time and decreases the quality of life more than the standard adjuvant chemotherapy. However, there are few studies comparing the quality of life of patients having bone marrow transplantation and adjuvant chemotherapy. Most of the studies were focused on the quality of life in one point of time, such as only during the early treatment stage, only overall quality of life rather than specific dimensions of the quality of life. The purposes of this study are 1) to identify the difference of the quality of life between two different treatment patterns, adjuvant chemotherapy and autogenous stem cell transplantation: 2) to identify the mostly affected dimension and the periods of time affected by the treatment patterns; and 3) to identify the trajectories of quality of life in each treatment pattern. This is a time series design that measures 4 different points of times. At the beginning of the study, 19 patients were placed in the chemotherapy group and 12 in the group of auto-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The inclusion criterion was the advanced disease stage of 3 or over with metastasis of more than 5 lymph nodes. The exclusion criteria were 1) anyone who has metastasis to other organ; 2) anyone who had psychological problems. Ferrell's Quality of Life Scale for Cancer Survivors 41 items on a 10 point scale was used. The QOL-CS includes 4 dimensions, which were labeled physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. The Cronbach‘s alpha of this scale was 0.89. Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman test were used to test each hypothesis. In comparison of the two groups, the quality of life of the bone marrow transplantation group dramatically increased at the 3rd and 6th month after transplantation, while the chemotherapy groups results stayed lower. The most affected dimension of the quality of life at the end of the treatment was the physical dimension. However, it and increased along with time, while the psychological dimension values remained low over the long-term period. Intensive nursing care is needed during the entire period of chemotherapy in all patients having chemotherapy, and is also required for right after cases of bone marrow transplantation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.620-635
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• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.