• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2020

The purpose of this study to discover what effect the mathematics education program linked to outdoor movement activities have on the ability to manipulate objects. The subject of study was a kindergarten class. The experimental and comparative groups consisted of 20 people each. In order to verify the effect of applying the early childhood mathematics education program in connection with outdoor movement activities, a total of 15 weeks of program was conducted for young children. As a result of conducting this study, it was found that a mathematics education program linked to outdoor movement activities improves the ability to manipulate objects. The discussion based on the results of this study is as follows. First, we suggest to specific activities that can be performed in an outdoor environment should be developed and applied to the field of early childhood education. Second, we suggest that It is necessary to program various subjects that link to outdoor movement activities. Third, we suggest what various measures are needed to improve the young children's ability to manipulate objects.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.105-113
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the ratio of non-controlling shareholder interests (minority equity ratio, MER) and the measurement error in real activities manipulation (RM) proxy for Japanese firms. Many Japanese firms have practiced stakeholder-oriented corporate governance systems. Previous studies suggest that the higher the MER, the more Japanese businesses tend to employ management techniques for the group's sales growth while also reallocating resources inside the group to reduce principal-principal conflicts. Such differences in management strategies by firms could lead to measurement error in the RM proxy. The analysis uses 16,450 firm-years listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The results of our analysis show that there is a positive relationship between MER and the RM proxy, and high persistence of RM proxies, suggesting that the RM proxies may contain measurement error. We also find that MER is correlated with variables associated with management strategy and that controlling for these variables can reduce the measurement error of RM proxy in firms with large MER. This study extends previous research on measurement error in RM proxy by relating them to ownership structure and corporate governance. This paper would contribute to researchers examining issues related to RM.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.2016-2034
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• 2011

Ubiquitous Healthcare (u-Healthcare) is the intelligent delivery of healthcare services to users anytime and anywhere. To provide robust healthcare services, recognition of patient daily life activities is required. Context information in combination with user real-time daily life activities can help in the provision of more personalized services, service suggestions, and changes in system behavior based on user profile for better healthcare services. In this paper, we focus on the intelligent manipulation of activities using the Context-aware Activity Manipulation Engine (CAME) core of the Human Activity Recognition Engine (HARE). The activities are recognized using video-based, wearable sensor-based, and location-based activity recognition engines. An ontology-based activity fusion with subject profile information for personalized system response is achieved. CAME receives real-time low level activities and infers higher level activities, situation analysis, personalized service suggestions, and makes appropriate decisions. A two-phase filtering technique is applied for intelligent processing of information (represented in ontology) and making appropriate decisions based on rules (incorporating expert knowledge). The experimental results for intelligent processing of activity information showed relatively better accuracy. Moreover, CAME is extended with activity filters and T-Box inference that resulted in better accuracy and response time in comparison to initial results of CAME.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.73-89
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze middle school students' problem posing types and strategies. we analyzed problems posed by 120 middle school students during mathematics class focused on problem posing activities in various aspects. Students' posed problems were classified into five types: not a problem(NP), non-math(NM), impossible(IM), insufficient(IN), sufficient(SU) and each of the posed problems. Students used three kinds of problem posing strategies such as goal manipulation(GM), assumption manipulation(AM), and condition manipulation(CM), and in posing one problem, one or more than two strategies were used. According to the prior studies, problem posing can contributes to the development of students' problem solving ability, creativity, mathematical aptitude, and a broader understanding of mathematical concepts. However, we found that some students had difficulties in posing problems or limited understandings of that. We hope the results of the study contribute to encouraging problem posing activities in mathematics instruction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

It is more important to ensure the credibility of internet media which influence the public opinion. However, there are vague suspicions in public from the examples of manipulation of online reviews with anonymity. In this study, we explore the possibility of manipulating public opinion in online web sites. We investigate the characteristics of comments posted by users on web sites and compare each comments by using the cosine similarity function. Our result shows followings. First, we found a correlation between the similarities of comments and the article ranks in the web sites. Second, it is possible to identify abnormal user activities indicating excessive multiple posting, double posting and astroturf activities.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation on muscle activities of the scapular upward rotators and middle deltoid, active range of motion (AROM), shoulder pain, and rounded shoulder posture in young adults with rounded shoulder. Methods: The subjects were 30 young adults (14 males, 16 females) with rounded shoulder. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental (manipulation) and control (placebo) groups of fifteen subjects respectively. The manipulation group received the manipulation (high velocity, low amplitude), which was performed by a physical therapist with the subject in the supine position and with the arms crossed over the chest and hands passed over the shoulders. For the sham group, the same procedure was performed, with the exception that the high-velocity thrust was not applied. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior, middle deltoid was measured using surface electromyography. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used for shoulder pain. Goniometry was used for shoulder abduction active range of motion (AROM). Straight edge was used for supine rounded shoulder posture (RSP) distance. Results: The muscle activity of the upper trapezius, lower trapezius and middle deltoid muscle increased significantly after the intervention (p<.05). However, no significant difference was observed in serratus anterior muscle (p>.05). The VAS was significantly decreased and AROM significantly increased after the intervention (p<.05). The distance of RSP were not significant (p>.05). The control group showed no differences before and after the intervention (p>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thoracic spine thrust manipulation can be an effective component of treatment plan to improve pain and function.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.359-372
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• 2000

Current CAD systems are good enough to be used as a tool to manipulate three-dimensional shapes. This is a very important capability to be owned by a design tool because a major portion of designers'activities is spent on the shape manipulation in the design detailing process. However, the whole design process involves a lot more than the, shape manipulation. Currently, these remaining tasks, mostly logical reasoning process for the function realization together with structure decomposition in the top-down manner, are processed in the designer's brain. To support the top-down functional design process of a mechanical product, a system integrating the functional, structural and geometrical aspects of a product design in a unified environment is presented. Using this system, a designer can perform function decomposition, structure decomposition, and geometry detailing, and function verification activities in parallel and the whole design process it modeled resultantly. Once the whole design process is modeled, any redesign task can be automatically performed with the verification of the desired functions.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.373-382
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• 2012

Of computing skills in the field of multi-media, particularly augmented reality technology contents may provide realistic learning experiences with 3D pictures through the learners' manipulation activities. However, the marker systems in the existing studies were not well developed as to maintain the students' interest and concentration. In this study, we have designed the first lesson ("Earth and Moon") of 5th graders' science with augmented reality combined system so that we could deal with manipulation activities of the relationship between augmented objects, From the experimental study, using combined augmented reality contents made a significant difference in their learning achievement and motivation. Thus augmented reality combined system can be utilized for a variety of topics to maintain students' learning motivation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.139-167
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• 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of a learning cycle model-based early childhood education program using physical motion on young children's scientific inquiry ability, scientific attitude, object manipulation ability and spatial ability. Methods: The subjects of this study were 60 five-year-old children who were attending K-G City Childcare Center. The SPSS Window 21.0 program and content analysis method were used, and post-validation Tukey was conducted to examine the differences between the one-way ANOVA and the group. Results: Activities using body movement were practiced systematically based on the circle learning. Children could revise their pre-concept and concept of error by interacting with other children, teachers and the environment. Furthermore, children were attaining new knowledge while they were doing body movement activities, assessing and applying them to actual activities. Conclusion/Implications: This study is investigated a cyclic learning-based early childhood science education program using physical motion, which has significance in systematic and practical early childhood centered education for young children.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.193-206
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• 2001

This study was designed to develop investigation- and exploration- activities on Euclidean geometry with an exploratory type software, Geometer's Sketchpad, and to gain insights into the geometric reasoning abilities of college students working with the software. A package of Euclidean geometric activities with GSP was developed and four college students worked on the several activities with GSP and their geometric reasoning process were analyzed. Results indicated that GSP helped students solve problems in the several ways: to make conjectures and discover theorems by providing precise construction and measurement; to discover their proofs by providing the visual images and its manipulation; and to make students easily apply "what-if"strategies and expand and deepen their activities. Students' geometric reasoning was highly depended on analytic methods and their abilities with synthetic methods were shown very limited.