• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-134
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• 2001

Since 1998, government-led Korean venture business boom now proceeds into the stage of market-oriented venture business growth. At such a moment, this research is to clarify the relations between the success factors of Korean venture businesses, based on domestic and foreign documentary surveys and inquiry surveys over domestic venture businesses. This research starts from the necessity to overcome the limits of the existing researches by uni-dimensional probing research into success factors of Korean venture businesses and to manifest the multi-dimensional relations between the success factors from the various viewpoints. And this research adopts System-Dynamics methodology to manifest and utilize relations among those factors, avoiding the existing metrical approaches. This research can be called a new approach to the current ecosystems of Korean venture in which whether venture businesses success in Korea is considered to depend on the list on the stock market. For this, this research implemented verification analysis through the simulations of each factor at various levels to build causality map which clarifies the causality of success factors of venture businesses through the System-Dynamics methodology and to utilize it as a way of supporting tool for decision-making of venture businesses. This research will be able to suggest the reactions depending on various internal and external situations. This research tried to manifest the causality map of each factor on the basis of inquiry surveys and documentary surveys to verify feedback among each factor by the SD methodology. This research will be a basis bolster up the still fragile substructure of venture businesses through an efficient analysis framework using the verification of SD methodology and resulting outcomes from this research.

• Proceedings of the Korean System Dynamics Society
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.3-14
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• 2001

Since 1998, government-led Korean venture business boom now proceeds into the stage of market-oriented venture business growth. At such a moment, this research is to clarify the relations between the success factors of Korean venture businesses, based on domestic and foreign documentary surveys and inquiry surveys over domestic venture businesses. This research starts from the necessity to overcome the limits of the existing researches by uni-dimensional probing research into success factors of Korean venture businesses and to manifest the multi-dimensional relations between the success factors from the various viewpoints. And this research adopts System-Dynamics methodology to manifest and utilize relations among those factors, avoiding the existing metrical approaches. This research can be called a new approach to the current ecosystems of Korean venture in which whether venture businesses success in Korea is considered to depend on the list on the stock market. For this, this research implemented verification analysis through the simulations of each factor at various levels to build causality map which clarifies the causality of success factors of venture businesses through the System-Dynamics methodology and to utilize it as a way of supporting tool for decision-making of venture businesses. This research will be able to suggest the reactions depending on various internal and external situations. This research tried to manifest the causality map of each factor on the basis of inquiry surveys and documentary surveys to verify feedback among each factor by the SD methodology. This research will be a basis bolster up the still fragile substructure of venture businesses through an efficient analysis framework using the verification of SD methodology and resulting outcomes from this research.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Port hinterland has been experiencing difficulty in generating new cargo volume and high value-added activity. It will be able to contribute to create new cargo volume and high added-value if transshipment cargo can be switched to trusted processing and then attract to port hinterland. This paper estimates items and volume size that can be the appropriate to attract in port hinterland and also be able to switch to trusted processing based on the trade data and manifest of transshipment container. The 50 items were classified from the result of trusted processing trade and the 33 items of them were suggested as the appropriate to attract in the port hinterland. The result shows that the 3.2 times transshipment cargo volume which is large than the total volume of trusted processing trade in Korea is transshipped at Busan port. This study is the first research to compare trade data and manifest of transshipment container, and thus it contributes to attracting firms in the port hinterland for the port authorities and the government.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1131-1149
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• 2011

Michael McKeon, in The Origins of the English Novel, 1600-1740, sets forth a theoretical study of a large canon of seventeenth- and eighteenthcentury works, based upon the dialectic of genre formations, which attempts to analyze certain "instabilities" in generic and social categories- "instabilities" that McKeon identifies as "Questions of Truth" and "Questions of Virtue." In this paper, I argue with McKeon's optimistic reading of Samuel Richardson's work, Clarissa, or The History of Young Lady (1740), which concludes that-unlike Pamela's "manifest material and social empowerment"-Clarissa acquires "manifest discursive and imaginative empowerment" and "wins" (to use McKeon's terms) the "battle" with her antagonist, Robert Lovelace. What is difficult to accept in this reading of Clarissa is McKeon's claim that the "success" of Clarissa's resistance to Lovelace, despite the tragic rape, is evident in her "new-found power" which is represented in the heroine's spiritual "conversion"- her decision to die to protect her "version of truth and virtue." McKeon's spiritual "conversion" not only forces Clarissa to surrender her legal right to prosecute her rapist but also forces her to seek the shelter of her "father's house" in the afterlife because she can no longer "make others accept [her] own version of events as authoritative." Thus, in contrast to McKeon, I claim that Clarissa represents the necessary conditions for its heroine's "empowerment" primarily in language that suggests her manifest social invalidation; language which in particular emphasizes that her rape and torture by Lovelace forces Clarissa's spiritual "conversion" to seek her reward in the afterlife-thereby concluding that Clarissa's discursive and imaginative empowerment does not and cannot exist in the secular, material world.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the possible differences in clinical and polysomnographic findings, depending on the presence or absence of subjective complaints of abnormal sleep behavior, in patients with RWA on polysomnography. Method: We reviewed patient records and polysomnographic data of patients referred to the Sleep Laboratory at Seoul National University Hospital from June 1996 through October 2002. We defined the manifest RBD group (n=32) as patients having both complaints of abnormal sleep behavior and RWA on polysomnography. The latent RBD group (n=20) consisted of patients who exhibited RWA on polysomnography but did not complain of abnormal sleep behavior. The clinical characteristics and polysomnographic findings between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Fifty-two subjects had RWA, as detected by polysomnography (42 males and 10 females, mean age of $55.1{\pm}19.1\;years$). Subjects in the manifest RBD group were significantly older than those in the latent RBD group ($61.59{\pm}13.5$ vs. $44.70{\pm}2.76\;years$, independent t-test, p<0.01). More subjects in the manifest RBD group exhibited abnormal REM behavior on polysomnography than did subjects in the latent RBD group (81.3 vs. 50.0%, Fisher's exact test, p<0.05). No significant differences between the groups were found in the prevalence of brain disorders and primary sleep disorders, gender proportion, and sleep architecture. Conclusion: No difference in sleep architecture was found between the manifest and the latent RBD groups. Only age and the presence of abnormal sleep behavior on polysomnography differentiated the two groups. We suggest that RWA on polysomnography without complaints of abnormal sleep behavior may be early manifestation of manifest RBD. Attention to RWA on polysomnography is necessary to help prevent full-blown RBD from developing.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.34
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• pp.107-139
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• 2020

This paper primarily focuses on the highest deity, the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens (officially translated as 'The Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven'), in the Korean new religious movement (NRM) Daesoon Jinrihoe and the true minister of the myriad spirits in the Taiwanese NRM, Yiguan Dao, the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity. As the two both serve as highly representative "Upper Thearch" beliefs in emerging NRMs, I attempt a comparative analysis of the source of these beliefs, their characteristics, and the links that exist between them. On the basis of ancient Chinese classics and Daoist texts, along with Daesoon Jinrihoe's scriptures and works from Yiguan Dao's Canon, I try to understand the distinguishing features of cosmological ideas from both religious movements. For example, because the Upper Thearch of the Nine Heavens could not bear to see the human realm growing ever more disordered and in order to improve worldly conditions, he traveled to the harmonized realm of deities, and therefore descended into the world to make a great itineration and enlighten the people through his teachings. In the end, he came to Korea and was reborn as Kang Jeungsan (secular name: Kang Il-Sun) in Gaekmang Village. In the Human Realm, he spread his transformative teachings to the people which were later became the doctrines of the Virtuous Concordance of Yin and Yang, Harmonious Union between Divine Beings and Human Beings, the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence, and Perfected Unification (jingyeong 真境) with the Dao. Yiguan Dao; however, explains that the source of humanity is the "Heaven of Principle" (Litian 理天), and people are "Buddha's Children of the Original Embryo" (Yuantai Fozi 原胎佛子), created by the Upper Thearch of Manifest Luminosity, who came to world to govern and impart spiritual refinement, before returning to his native place in the Heaven of Principle. Yet, because he became infatuated with the world of mortals, he forgot the path of his return. Therefore, the Eternal Mother sent Maitreya Buddha, the Living Buddha Jigong 濟公, and the Bodhisattva of Moon Wisdom (Yuehui pusa 月慧菩薩) to descend to the human world and teach the people, so that they may acknowledge the Eternal Mother as the root of return, achieve their return to the origin, and go back to the home of the Eternal Mother in the Heaven of Principle. Both Daesoon Jinrihoe and Yiguan Dao refer to their highest deity, the true ministers of the myriad spirits, with the simple title "Upper Thearch." This phenomenon also has some ties to God in the western Biblical tradition but also has some key differences. In investigating the sources of these two deities, we find that they likely took shape during the Yinshang (殷商) period and have some relationship to the Upper Thearch of Chinese antiquity. The questions raised in this research are quite interesting and deserving of deeper comparative study.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.17-41
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate meaning of teachers as they manifest themselves in the emotional regulation of 2year old infants in a daycare center. In addition, the research attempts to provide basic research data that can be used as a guideline for teacher's awareness, roles, attitudes, and classroom management for infant's emotional education in the future. To achieve this goal, participatory observation was conducted in a child care center class for infants under 2 years old from January 17 to January 29, 2012. The teacher is defined as follow : Teachers are authority figures whose image is that of absolute authority, and coupled with their dual role of passive caretakers. Additionally, they function as guides who guided infants through the process of emotional socialization, and played the central role of emotional contagion from whose expression speech and atmosphere the said infants receive much influence. Such results seemed to indicate that teachers today do not fully comprehend the importance of their roles in influencing the emotion regulation of infants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.51
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

This study intends to define $\ulcorner$personality$\lrcorner$ as $\ulcorner$Human-ware$\lrcorner$ based on $\ulcorner$Gene-ware$\lrcorner$ in business management. The sides of personality in management are important source of manifestation of ‘Synergy’, because the importance of personality, that is, $\ulcorner$attitude$\lrcorner$ in individuals is increasing compared with the traditional techniques, $\ulcorner$craft$\lrcorner$. In this work it is considered that Human-ware activates interchange in reciprocal relation between Gene-ware and Hard-ware and performs balancing, intermediating (catalyzing) functions in relative that things(Geneware $\leftrightarrow$ Humanware $\leftrightarrow$ Hardware). $\ulcorner$Gene-ware$\lrcorner$ represents factor and phenomena of life in evolutionary information as human instincts, system of Gene-duum(Gene＋Residuum(in phenomenology) ), Synchronization(in structuralism). In this view, this paper defines the concepts and effects of personality in management as the results of creative and stational functions of Human-ware. And this paper intends to identify the strata of psycho in human as three vertical aspects of $\ulcorner$Manifest$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$Latent$\lrcorner$, and $\ulcorner$Found$\lrcorner$, in this respects, function of Human-ware have analogy to that of Manifest in psychological behaviors. Finally, reviewing the Ford system based on Fordism and Taylor's system in Industrial Engineering, pursues the meaning and importance of personality, that is Humanware in management.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.56-59
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• 2012

Tracheo-innominate artery fistula (TIF) is a rare but catastrophic and almost always fatal complication of tracheostomy. TIF can occur anytime but is commonly present 3 to 24 days after tracheostomy. It can first manifest as massive bleeding around and through the tracheostomy tube, but it can also manifest as a small amount of blood with temporary spontaneous resolution. If TIF is suspicious, airway management and prompt surgical intervention are needed. In an 83-year-old man with CVA history 20 years earlier and who had recurrent aspiration pneumonia, tracheostomy was performed for respiratory management and ventilator support. On day 7 post-tracheostomy, the patient had bleeding from the tracheostoma. Immediate surgical exploration was performed to control the bleeding. A defect was seen at the post wall of the innominate artery. The erosive portion of the artery was sutured, but the patient died three weeks after the surgery due to rebleeding and respiratory failure. We present a patient who developed TIF after tracheostomy, with literature review.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2022

Purpose - This study reestablished the concept of mixed emotions experienced in online and offline shopping environments, and structuralized emotional responses which manifest mixed emotions in each channel, and developed a method of measuring overall mixed emotions in consideration of the asymmetry of emotions. Design/methodology/approach - This study conducted a focus in-depth interview based on phenomenological research and exploratory preliminary survey using questionnaires. In addition, a survey was conducted as a quantitative survey. Findings - Qualitative and quantitative researches were conducted to derive major emotional responses items which manifest mixed emotions in online and offline shopping environments and determine differential emotional structure in each channel. As a result, it was confirmed that mixed emotions consisted of 5 factors in each channel and 21 emotional responses. In addition, a method of measuring overall mixed emotions considering the asymmetric of emotions was developed to prove the difference in behavioral responses. Research implications or Originality - This study is meaningful in that it helps companies efficiently manage and understand customer responses to their products by classifying and systemizing the emotional responses experienced by consumers in online and offline purchase and consumption situations according to the purchase environment.