• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mandatory Systems

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The Effect of Increasing The Third Party Liability and Expansion of Mandatory Insurance in South Korea

  • KWAK, Young-Arm
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.12 no.11
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    • pp.33-50
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: In South Korea, two kinds of mandatory insurance, Fierce Liability Insurance and Outdoor Advertising Liability Insurance sells as of February 2021 according to relevant codes. This study analyzed third party liability and personal living liability insurance in terms of various risks not corporation side but personal side arising from normal living and life. Research design, data and methodology: Some cases of drone accident hit man and fierce dog accident were taken into analysis to verify blame ratio and insurance claim money. The former case is that on the way down the elevator, the dog, American pit bull terrier rushed in and bit the lower part of the knee against the visitor. The latter case is that while flying in the sky as usual, the drone suddenly crashed, fell, and hit the head of a young child while walking on the street. Further previous studies such as third party liabilities, liability insurance, mandatory insurance were deeply analyzed. Results: Based on some case studies and previous studies, the author suggested valuable comments in turn realization of insurer as provider, exhaustive creation and operation of mandatory insurance, realization of insured as demanded, and arrangements of laws and systems in special consideration of amendment of companion animal and exhaustive execution of mandatory insurance by the government. Conclusions: This study was about third party liability, personal living liability insurance and expansion of mandatory insurance caused by relevant laws by the government. In this study the author verified what issues were observed from two cases drone accident and fierce dog accident and then suggested some valuable comment as above both systemic plans and practical plans. First of all, the individual should get Comprehensive Property Insurance(CPI) that covers the risks of his/her own property arising from the everyday life. And then the individual should further buy Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) in order to prepare 'accidents that may happen when, where, or how' and overcome the said accidents. Moreover, the individual should take a look every single insurance contract whether he/she has a special terms and conditions of Personal Living Liability Insurance(PLLI) or not.

The Study on Paid Employees' Mandatory Retirement - Focusing on the Interaction wage with Job Tenure - (임금근로자의 강제퇴직에 대한 연구 - 임금과 근속기간의 상호작용을 중심으로 -)

  • Ji, Eun Jeong
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.295-327
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    • 2011
  • Although there are many studies on the retirement recently, very few studies have empirically addressed on mandatory retirement. In Korea, several scholars suggest that the seniority systems may be the main reason that employers have been reluctant to hire older workers. Therefore, the seniority system that Lazear(1979) proposed has significant implication on explaining mandatory retirement in Korea. Thus, this study aims to examine the seniority system that Lazear proposed can explain the retired employees' mandatory retirement. The empirical study is based on Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. wave I-II. The main result from this analysis is that interaction between wage and job tenure on mandatory retirement is statistically significant. For employees with high wage growth rates, the probability of mandatory retirement rate is higher as their job tenure is longer. On the other hand those employees with wage growth rates, that is lower although their job tenure is longer. This study supports the assertion of Lazear(1979).

Conceptual Design Strategy of Renewable Energy Application for Building Certification and Mandatory System (신재생에너지설비 건물설치 의무화 및 인증제를 고려한 용량설계 방안)

  • Lee, Kyoung-Ho;Lee, Dong-Won;Kown, Hyeok-Min;Lee, Chang-Jun
    • 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2011.11a
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2011
  • This paper describes a design strategy at conceptual design stage using RETScreen software tool for building application of renewable energy resources. Currently, government and public buildings are required to adopt renewable energy systems with a minimum requirement for the amount of renewable energy supply. Meanwhile, there is a certificate program for private office buildings to enhance propagation of renewable energy systems. When considering application of renewable energy systems to a building, it is worthwhile developing a method to determine optimal design sizes of renewable energy systems. In the paper, a design strategy is introduced with a couple of case studies to determine optimal capacities of each renewable energy system in a building and suggest to use the method to evaluate the system for the building certificate program and the mandatory renewable target program. Objective functions considered in the study are initial system cost and reduction of CO2 emissions from the system. In the optimization study, it is assumed that solar thermal collectors are installed to satisfy solar fraction of 60%. Other renewable energy systems such as ground-source heat pump, solar PV and non-renewable systems such as electric chiller and gas-fired boiler are sized using an optimal sizing method with RETScreen suggested the authors previously.

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Analysis of the Impact of the Expansion of Direct Construction Works and Suggestions on the Application (직접시공 확대의 영향 분석 및 직접시공의무제도 적용을 위한 대응방안 제언)

  • Lee, Meesung;Kim, Siyeon;Yu, Ilhan;Han, Ju-yeon;Son, JeongWook
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2021
  • As the construction production system is reorganized as part of the construction industry innovation plan, direct construction is expanding. According to this trend, this study analyzed the impact and problems of the expansion of direct construction through the position of the construction industry and a study of foreign cases. In addition, by diagnosing the impact of the measures to expand direct construction from various aspects, countermeasures were suggested to suitably apply the direct construction mandatory system. Also, for each alternative, effects and problems were evaluated through interviews with experts in policy/administrative and architecture fields. The alternatives for expanding and improving the efficiency of the direct construction mandatory system derived from this study are four items: granting the discretion of the client, differentiation by scale of construction, utilization of construction guarantee system, and introduction of flexible working group leader system. As a result of the expert interview, all of them were evaluated to have a positive impact directly and indirectly on the expansion of direct construction. This study contributes literature to the application of the direct construction mandatory system by examining the current status of direct construction, and suggests a direction for expanding direct construction through deduction of alternatives for applying the direct construction mandatory system and expert evaluation.

Critical Success Factors of REID-based Fisheries Traceability Systems: From the Perspectives of Consumers and Suppliers (RFID기반수산물이력제의 성공요인에 대한 탐색적 연구 -소비자 및 공급자 관점을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Jin-Baek
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.25-40
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    • 2007
  • Recently, fisheries safety has been a matter of primary concern among consumers and suppliers. This phenomenon made them require the introduction of fisheries traceability systems. For traceability systems to be effective, automatic identification means play an important role. Therefore, RFID-based fisheries traceability systems are more required than barcode-based fisheries traceability systems. Unlikely EU and Japan, Korea did not accept mandatory traceability regulations. But Many countries began to accept mandatory traceability regulations to diminish food risks. So Korea is expected to adopt them in the near future. The purpose of this study is to find what benefits are generated from the adoption of RFID-based fisheries traceability systems and are related to their success. To do these, this study investigated primary benefits of RFID-based fisheries traceability systems from the perspectives of consumers and suppliers. Consumers' benefits were derived from the perceived risk dimensions. And suppliers' benefits were derived from operational benefits of RFID systems. To purify the benefits from RFID-based fisheries traceability systems, reliability and factor analysis were used. And the refined benefits of RFID-based fisheries traceability systems were additionally analyzed to find which benefits were significantly related to fisheries traceability systems' success. According to the analysis results, all risk dimensions except social risk were significantly related to their success. But in the benefits of suppliers, only "recalls and counterfeits" factor was significantly related to their success. These results implied that fisheries traceability systems should be based RFID technology instead of barcode and fisheries traceability systems were related to almost food risk dimensions. It's because these significant factors are related all food risks except social risk and the benefits of suppliers can be derived from only RFID technology.

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A Study on the Optimization of New Renewable Energy Systems in Public-Purpose Facilities (공공용 업무시설의 신재생에너지시스템 최적화 연구)

  • Lee, Yong-Ho;Seo, Sang-Hyun;Cho, Young-Hum;Hwang, Jung-Ha
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 2013
  • This study set out to devise an optimized system to take into account life cycle cost(LCC) and ton of carbon dioxide($TCO_2$) by applying the weighted coefficient method(WCM) to "public-purpose" facility buildings according to the mandatory 5% and 11% of new renewable energy in total construction costs and anticipated energy consumption, respectively, based on the changes of the public obligation system. (1) System installation capacity is applied within the same new renewable energy facility investment according to the mandatory 5% of new renewable energy in total construction costs. Both LCC and $TCO_2$ recorded in the descending order of geothermal, solar, and photovoltaic energy. The geothermal energy systems tended to exhibit an excellent performance with the increasing installation capacity percentage. (2) Optimal systems include the geothermal energy(100%) system in the category of single systems, the solar energy(12%)+geothermal energy(88%) system in the category of 2-combined systems, and the photovoltaic energy(12%)+solar energy(12%)+geothermal energy(76%) system and the photovoltaic energy(12%)+solar energy(25%)+geothermal energy(63%) system in the category of 3-combined systems. (3) LCC was the highest in the descending order of photovoltaic, geothermal and solar energy due to the influences of each energy source's correction coefficient according to the mandatory 11% of new renewable energy in anticipated energy consumption. The greater installation capacity percentage photovoltaic energy had, the more excellent tendency was observed. $TCO_2$ recorded in the descending order of geothermal, photovoltaic and solar energy with the decreasing installation capacity of photovoltaic energy. The greater installation capacity percentage a geothermal energy system had, the more excellent tendency it demonstrated. (4) Optimal systems include the geothermal energy(100%) system in the category of single systems, the photovoltaic energy(62%)+geothermal energy(38%) system in the category of 2-combined systems, and the photovoltaic energy(50%)+solar energy(12%)+geothermal energy(38%) system and the photovoltaic energy(12%)+solar energy(12%)+geothermal energy(76%) system in the category of 3-combined systems.

Development of BIM-based Building Approval Submission System (BIM 기반 인허가신청 지원 시스템 개발)

  • Yoo, SeungEun;Kim, KaRam;Kim, InHan;Yu, JungHo
    • Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.171-181
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    • 2015
  • Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides many advantages when it is adopted in virtual design construction, to analyze constructability, etc. For this reason, advanced countries have made it mandatory to adopt BIM in public construction projects. The Korea Public Procurement Service announced that from 2016, BIM adoption will be mandatory in every construction project in Korea. Currently, however, it is not possible to fully adopt BIM in the building design process domestically because BIM-based systems have not been used broadly in Korea's building approval system (Seumter). In this research, four challenges were drawn from a focus group interview. Focusing on tackling one challenge, this paper reviewed previous research into building approval systems and the building approval systems of Singapore, the U.K. and the U.S., and identified elements of the building approval application process and presents a system to create and manage the information. The system supports the creation and management of information and 2D drawings from an IFC-based BIM model. We expect that the system will encourage designers to use BIM from the beginning of the design process and ultimately increase the efficiency of design in a BIM-based project.

A study on the recognition of medical institution workers and the development of the certification system after electronic medical record certification (전자의무기록 인증 후 의료기관 종사자 인식과 인증제 발전을 위한 연구)

  • Cho-Yeal Park
    • Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.173-180
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    • 2023
  • In this study, senior general hospital, general hospital medical institutions certified by the Electronic Medical Record System Management Portal in 2021 were surveyed on the recognition of changes in medical information management and EMR system functionality. Through verification, it was implemented to promote future development of the certification system and long-term development of the electronic mandatory record certification system. A total of 1,189 respondents were used for final analysis using structured questionnaires, and in particular, differences in recognition of certification systems and system functionality after EMR certification were verified by conducting average analysis and ANOVA. As a result of analysis, the electronic mandatory record certification system was confirmed to affect positive work changes and perceptions on medical institution workers, and after certification of the electronic mandatory record system, it showed operational effects in many ways. Based on the results of this study in the future, communication follow-up research is needed.

A Design of MHS Access Control Policy for Preventing Cascade Vulnerability (캐스케이드 취약성 방지를 위한 MHS 접근통제 정책 설계)

  • 조인준;김학범;홍기융;김동규
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.117-128
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    • 1997
  • When computer systems with mandatory access control mechanism are interconnected each other for enforcing the MHS(Message Handling System) security on the multilevel secure distributed network environment, illegal information flow may occurs due to the unexpected cascade vulnerability problem. In this paper, new MHS security policy and security property functions are proposed for preventing the cascade vulnerability.

A Study on the Air Travel Safety of Infants and Children (영유아 항공 여행 안전성에 관한 고찰)

  • Kim, Sun Ah;Choi, Youn Seo;Kim, Sun Ihee
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.93-104
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    • 2018
  • It is mandatory to use car seats for infants and children in the private vehicles in accordance with the traffic law of Korea. Recently, legislation has also been proposed to expand the use car seats to express and intercity buses. This reflects a growing consensus that mandatory infant and child car seats, both for private and commercial vehicles, are essential. However, Korean laws concerning infants and children on board aircraft allow parents or guardians to hold children under two years of age on their laps without any restraint devices. It is not possible for a parent to physically restrain an infant or child, especially during a sudden acceleration or deceleration, unanticipated or severe turbulence, or impact. The use of CRS provides an equivalent level of safety to infants and children as that afforded to adult passengers wearing seat belts. But there is no regulation even about Child Restraint Systems on board aircraft in Korea. To enhance their safety, infants and children should be restrained in an approved child restraint system that is appropriate to their weight and height. It is necessary to examine whether infants and children in flight can achieve the same level of safety as an adult.