• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.347-365
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• 2012

This study was carried out to enlighten on the factors by which newspaper headlines are determined and to empirically explore how news influence variables, editor's role orientation and professionalism have impact on deciding headlines. It turned out from the survey of 345 journalists working in the editorial departments of 17 major national daily and economic newspapers that 7 determinant factors have impact on editors deciding headlines: creativity, standardized expression, fairness, consideration for a readers, reflection of company policy, summarization and intriguer. In addition, the determinant factors of headlines were analyzed to have correlation with news influence variables such as the government-sponsors, readers and colleagues, and company policy and the management. In the awareness of role, also, it was shown that the editors who considered social integration as important place weighted on the reflection of company policy, fairness and creativity; those editors who placed power monitoring on priority took fairness and creativity seriously; and the editors who believed that delivering information was important thought of fairness, consideration for a readers and summarization as important. In addition, the organization-oriented editors turned out compliant to a system, positive on the governmental policies and sought for social stability; those editors who put a premium on a sense of objective balance and neutrality showed a strong aspect of a professional in social reform, check against government and the social governance by the privileged.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2016

This study examines the impact of government funds to venture capital on investment in early-stage firms. We provide novel explanations about this relationship focusing on mechanisms by which government funds influence the perceived uncertainty, decision about investment priority, scale economy of investment, information asymmetry in investment decision, and capital expense. We argue that venture capital's investment in early-stage firms increases as government funds increase and as government funds are explicitly directed for early-stage firms. However, we further claim that the impact of government funds on early-stage investment will be decreasing as their size increases and finally be reverted to negative impact beyond a certain amount of funds to show inverse-U relationship. Our empirical examination using data from 105 Korean venture firms active as of 2013 consistently supports the claims. This study contributes to the venture capital literature by providing novel arguments about mechanisms and effects of policy intervention in venture capital. In practice, we expect our results will provide an opportunity for relevant policy makers to review their venture support policy based on empirical evidences for policy effects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

Urban park planning has become difficult due to the lack of municipal funds. Thereupon, a special scheme was imposed for city park planning. Since then, a legal amendment was made for economical improvement and more active participation. However, there are a lot of questions about whether it was a suitable direction for parks and where it should be emphasized for public interest. Base on these concerns, this study examined the basis and characteristics of location, creation, and maintenance of private development parks in Japan, which was the policy model of Korean private parks. Location and space planning of private development parks was made up considering an effective green network and disaster prevention function, and a minimum area was about 1.42ha. The minimum area, 1ha, was established on the basis of considering realistic possibilities, disaster protection, and universal validity. It was also amended to consider the standard of type two mid- to high-rise exclusive residential areas and consultation with regional governance. Finally, it was built on the lowest limit of ordinance of the relevant city; for example, 100% of the floor area ratio, 30% of the building coverage ratio, and the maximum height of 11 stories, etc. For maintenance, private and public sectors were working together. Maintenance fees for 35 years (based on $300yen/m^2$ per month) were paid en bloc by the licensee. However, the city was paid for facilities that accompanied excessive maintenance costs. Meanwhile, it seemed difficult to introduce attractive profit facilities because of the limitations in location, usage permission, and introduction equipment; furthermore, there were problems with management authority, and the burden of expenses was deducted. For creating private Korean parks, this study suggested that we should build priority of creating city parks and select appropriate locations first; also, we need to make criteria for location, creation, and standard management rules that are relevant to the whole nation of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.163-173
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• 2011

This paper, as a case study on the evaluation of nationwide-unit forest functions, targeting the entire Gyeongsangnam-do region, examined the integration measures for the evaluation of national, public and private forest functions, as well as GIS data problems and GIS data building methods. Also, the distribution and characteristics of Gyeongsangnam-do's forest functions were examined. First, as integration measures for forest function evaluation, evaluation unit was proposed as watershed unit, and GIS techniques were proposed to correct some patterns of errors shown in the watershed maps. Also, of GIS data used for forest function evaluation, maps of locations of saw mills to be revised, expressway interchange location maps, and population distribution maps were built nationwide. Based on watershed units, the forest functions of 20 cities and counties in Gyeongsangnam-do were evaluated, revealing that wood production function and forest recreation function potentials, high-ranking was high distributed throughout the site, while most functions potentials, low-ranking was low distributed. In forest function maps with the application of priority by city and gun, the area size was ranked in the order of forest recreation, timber production, natural conservation, water yield, living environment conservation, and prevention of natural disaster. Case analysis results for large areas can be used in evaluating nationwide forest functions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Objectives: This study intends to evaluate the ecological risk of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and their compounds according to the 2010 action plan on inventory and management for national priority chemicals and provide calculations of risks to the environment. By doing so, we aim to inform risk management measures for the target chemicals. Methods: We conducted species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis using the collected ecotoxicity data and obtained predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for the in-water environment using a hazardous concentration of 5% (HC5) protective of most species (95%) in the environment. Based on the calculated PNECs for aquatic organisms, PNEC values for soil and sediment were calculated using the partition coefficient. We also calculated predicted exposure concentration (PEC) from nation-wide environmental monitoring data and then the hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated using PNEC for environmental media. Results: Ecological toxicity data was categorized into five groups and five species for Pb and four groups and four species for As. Based on the HC5 values from SSD analysis, the PNEC value for aquatic organisms was calculated as 0.40 ㎍/L for Pb and 0.13 ㎍/L for As. PNEC values for soil and sediment calculated using a partition coefficient were 77.36 and 350.50 mg/kg for Pb and 24.20 and 112.75 mg/kg for As. The analysis of national environmental monitoring data showed that PEC values in water were 0.284 ㎍/L for Pb and 0.024 ㎍/L for As, while those in soil and sediment were respectively 45.9 and 44 mg/kg for Pb, and 11.40 and 19.80 mg/kg for As. Conclusions: HQs of Pb and As were 0.70 and 0.18 in water, while those in soil and sediment were 0.59 and 0.13 for Pb and 0.47 and 0.18 for As. With HQs <1 of lead and arsenic in the environment, their ecological risk levels are found to be low.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.417-430
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• 2018

Identification and mangement of ecosystem service hotspots are necessary to set environmental policies that include concepts of ecosystem service. Assessment and mapping of ecosystem service hotspot referring areas with high amount of ecosystem services provide essential information to manage ecosystem services effectively. Assessment of hotspots based on regional environmental stakeholders' perception is an useful approach to identify priority areas where management practices are required. This study estimated weights on regulating ecosystem services from regional environmental stakeholders' surveys in Ansan, and then, identified regulating service hotspots with weights. The result indicated that regulating services are, in order of importance, water quality, air quality, erosion, and climate control. The north-eastern forest of Ansan was mainly revealed as an ecosystem service hotspot. Ecosystem service hotspots were spatially distributed similarly regardless of environmental stakeholders' weights. Identification of ecosystem service hotspot with environmental stakeholders' perception can be applied in decision-support tools for ecosystem service management.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.218-231
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• 2001

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding and the attitude of Korean hospital CEOs toward the healthcare quality improvement. Methods : A mailed questionnaire survey to the CEOs of hospitals with 400 beds or more was conducted between September 15 and October 30, 2000. Of the 108 hospitals eligible for the study, 58 participated, yielding a response rate of 54 percent. Result : The hospital CEOs have expressed that their hospital management was arduous job, and they had been pressured by increasing competitions among healthcare providers. They indicated that the low fees of health insurance made their hospital management difficult. The results also indicated that there was general consensus that the improvement of service quality was important in encouraging their organizations, but the investment of manpower and equipment ranked higher than the improvement of service quality. The majority of the CEOs have good understanding about quality improvement activities. However the facts that in general QI must be focused at the process of services and customer satisfaction, meanwhile quality improvement activities are helpful for the organizational productivity embarrassed them. The hospital CEOs responded that there were successful changes in terms of quality of care, patient satisfaction, and process efficiency after QI activities, but no increase in patient number and profit. Lack of understanding to QI activities and limited budget seem to attribute unsatisfactory outcomes. Conclusion : The majority of Korean hospital CEOs have a good understanding and attitude about QI activities. As mentioned in the result, despite of several limitations, several facts regarding the CEOs of hospital in Korean can be elucidated. (1) The general cognition of the QI project is relatively high, and it is accepted with positive concern, (2) the priority of the QI project, however, is not set higher than other projects and (3) the specific concepts of the actual QI project such as customer (patient)-focused work driving, the recognition of the work accomplishment, and the importance of rewards have not sufficiently understood.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.20-46
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• 2017

The purposes of this study are to derive supportive measures for the effective operation of vocational education and training high schools participating in the apprenticeship system (apprenticeship schools) and make policy suggestions by analyzing the need analysis and investigating the importance and the difficulty of teachers regarding the operation of those schools. To achieve these purposes, the study developed a questionnaire by deriving the areas and items for the operation of apprenticeship schools, and analyzed 121 completed questionnaires of head and senior teachers who manage the apprenticeship programs across the nation after conducting a survey. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the teachers of apprenticeship schools found all the operation areas of the schools are important but difficult. Out of the operation areas, teachers had relatively high needs for 'promotion, selection and management of enterprises', 'student management', 'development of apprenticeship programs, formation of the curriculum, and establishment of operation plans of the curriculum'. Second, the teachers found all the detailed items of the operation areas of apprenticeship schools are important but difficult generally. According to the results, it is required to relax the criteria for forming apprenticeship organizations; operate the local government-oriented apprenticeship system; establish information systems between schools and enterprises; improve the support methods of relevant agencies; and increase incentives of teachers who are in charge of apprenticeship programs. It is also necessary to operate exclusive agencies supporting for OJT; operate apprenticeship education centers of local small and medium-sized business associations; provide exclusive supervision of students; cultivate teachers who support industry-academia cooperation; and legislate on the NCS-based qualifications.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.2
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• pp.191-213
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• 2004

The trend of "Blockbuster Exhibitions" over the past decade has led to the unfortunate reality that museums, losing sight of their role as an Academic organization, are becoming increasingly influenced by the corporate world. In my dissertation entitled "The Commercialization of Blockbuster Exhibitions in Museums," I explore the modern tendency toward Blockbuster exhibitions in art museums and the negative impact of those exhibitions on the art world. Museums of the modern day have expanded their territory from the traditional venue of public education to the hybrid cultural space. This mission, evident in the museum's attempt to satisfy audiences with the offering of diverse activities, has changed the concept of the museum, giving priority to the desire for financial gain. From the viewpoint of this new museology, the museum considers Blockbuster exhibitions as the safest method to increase ticket sales. As a program that openly reveals the commercialism of the museum, I explore the Blockbuster show and its strategies as a means of exposing the influence of the corporate world on art. A key component to the Blockbuster exhibition is the "hype" that is created to attract an audience. This devotion to increased publicity distracts from what should be the goal of public education, as the primary focus leans towards the desire for a large number of visitors. Consequently, this unavoidably standardized exhibition is presented to the public in a manner that deprives the audience of a unique experience. With large crowds and increased ticket prices, it is difficult to form a genuine appreciation of the artwork. In addition to the profit gained by increased ticket prices and the commercial sales of "souvenirs" from the museum gift shop, Blockbuster shows are used as a means to attract the attention of corporate sponsors. As explained in my dissertation, the importance that the museum places on corporate sponsorship as a capital resource is evident, however the degree to which the museum allows itself to he influenced by the desire for capital gain poses a threat to its function as an academic organization. Circumstances in American museum history, in particular, have influenced the transition from academic resource to corporation within museology. In keeping with the nation's tendency towards capitalism, art museums in the United States were initially established and developed by individual capitalists who applied principals of corporate operation to museum management. As a result, in modern days, We witness the influence of enterprise on museum programs, while corporate management may be able to guarantee immediate fiscal benefits, however, it is unable insure the future of the museum. In Slim, my dissertation discusses the mechanism of the commercialized "Blockbuster Exhibition" and the impact that it has on the future of the museum as an industry. This research provides an opportunity to reconsider the role of the museum as an academic institution, particularly in regard to the need to decrease the capitalization of exhibitions and refocus their influence on the art world as an educational resource.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.149-172
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the demand of parents and teachers for a children's library and analyze the need in consideration of their age and children's library-using frequency. The subjects in this study were 1,500 parents and teachers in the region of Gwangju, on whom a survey was implemented to find out the necessity of a children's library, what should be considered in terms of design and program development and what forms of materials should be provided. As a result of checking their needs for the functions of a library, the parents and teachers investigated attached importance to culture, welfare and hands-on culture/art programs as what a library should focus on. Second, as for design, they gave top priority to comfortableness(sanitary facilities, ventilation, humidity and temperature) and safety(sofas, cushions and carpets for children). Third, as to program preference, both of the parents and teachers considered activity, performance and educational programs necessary among multiple kinds of ongoing programs. Specifically, performance programs ranked first among the parents and third among the teachers. Activity programs ranked first among the teachers and third among the parents. Fourth, concerning the importance of materials possessed by a library, they placed the most emphasis on the kind of materials that could foster creativity and instill the right personality.