• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1980

It is desirable to increase the diameter of rice bundle harvested by Japanese reaper binder recently introduced into Korean farmers , since it is too small for stalking in the field for preliminary drying prior to threshing operation which is dominant procedure in rice harvesting . Accordingly, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of the size of rice-bundle on the performance of binder and self-feeding thresher. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The diameter of rice-bundle could be increased from $\phi$80-98 to $\phi$105.0-125.4 while the number of rice bundles per 10 a were reduced to 1200 from 1600. The time required for harvesting 10 a of rice was 81 minutes in small size bundles and 84 minutes in large size bundles and no statistical difference was obtained. 2 .The grain loss due to discharge and cutting were slightly increased with large size bundle compared to the small size but no statistical difference was obtained. The precision of operation and drying rate was not significantly different between small and large size bundles. 3. The unthreshed losses were the same between large and small sizes of rice bundles when self-feeding thresher was used. When 8 PS engine was used , continuous operation was possible for small size bundles , but 1.5seconds of time interval was necessary for large size buldles. 4. The consumption of binding twine was reduced to 603 from 820 meters with the larger bundles , and the labour requirement for stalking rice bundles in the field was also reduced to 1.83 form 2.50 man-hour per 10 a Therefore, harvesting cost can be reduced up to 26.5 percent by increasing the bundle size.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross - sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study;the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8 - hour. When subjects had $FBS\geq140mg/dl$, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standarized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was $99.8{\pm}22.6$, and in women was $111.5{\pm}29.9$. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalences increased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist - to - hip circumference ratio;the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2001

GC-MS와 연결된 $85{\mu}m$ 폴리 아크릴레이트 fiber의 SPME가 풍선 시료 중에 포함된 가소제를 분석하는데 사용되었다. 풍선은 IR 분광법에 의해 폴리이소프렌으로 만들어진 것으로 판명되었다. 한시간 동안 아세톤이 첨가된 물 용매에서 추출된 풍선의 가소제는 9종류의 가소제가 포함된 외부표준법에 의해 정량 하였다. 정량법은 $0.25-25{\mu}g/g$의 농도범위에서 표준 가소제들에 대하여 유효화 과정을 거쳤으며, 검출한계는 가소제에 따라 $0.11-0.38{\mu}g/g$이었고, 이러한 정량법에 의한 재현성의 RSD는 3.7-14.2%이었다. 이들 풍선 중에는 우려할만한 수준의 환경호르몬성 가소제가 검출되는 제품도 포함되어 있어 이들에 대한 규제의 필요성이 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.16-29
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• 2011

The cyclone/annular denuder system/filter pack sampling system (ADS) was used to collect data set of the acidic air pollutants in the vicinity of industrial complexes in Gwangyang. The data set was collected during sixty different days with 24 hour sampling period from January 8, 2008 through November 12, 2008. The annual mean concentrations of $HNO_3$, $HNO_2$, $SO_2$ and $NH_3$ in the gas phase were 1.12, 1.40, 10.2 and 1.28 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The annual mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ ($d_p$<2.5 ${\mu}m$), $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $NH_4^+$ in the particulate phase were 29.2, 8.25, 3.30 and 3.42${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$ exhibited higher concentrations during the summer, while $HNO_2$, $PM_{2.5}$, $NO_3^-$ and $NH_4^+$ were higher during the winter. The highest level of $SO_2$ was, unlikely, observed in the summer and $SO_4^{2-}$ was not showed seasonal variation. $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $NH_4^+$ accounted for 49~57% of the $PM_{2.5}$ mass. $SO_4^{2-}$ was the most abundant component, which constituted 23~40% of $PM_{2.5}$. High correlations were found among $PM_{2.5}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $NO_3^-$, and $NH_4^+$.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

Korea Global Atmosphere Watch Center (KGAWC), which is located in Anmyeondo and, belongs to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA), measures sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) in every hour since 2007. In this study, $SF_6$ observed in 2007 are discussed. A gas chromatograph-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) with pre-cooled device is applied during the observation, and produced data are qualified by means of periodic calibration with $SF_6$ standard gas made by Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS). $SF_6$ has been greatly paid attention since Kyoto protocol because of its high global warming potential(GWP) with 22,200 times of $CO_2$ in the period of 100 years. It is a man-made compound and has been usually used for gas insulation since 1970s and for etching process in the information technology-based industry since 1990. Average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in 2007 was 6.65 pmol/mol at Anmyeondo. According to the GAW report published in 2008, average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in the atmosphere is continuously growing. At present, the average mixing ratio of $SF_6$ in the atmosphere is known to be approximately 6.25 pmol/mol at global observatory. $SF_6$ value in Anmyeondo shows 0.40 pmol/mol greater than that of the Mauna Loa observatory in 2007.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1241-1249
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• 2014

본 연구는 수원 시민들을 대상으로 카쉐어링 선호도 요인을 분석하여 제시하였다. 시민의 약 60% 정도가 카쉐어링 이용을 고려하고 있으며, 남자가 여자보다, 젊은 층이 장년층보다, 단독주택과 오피스텔이 아파트와 연립주택보다, 대중교통 이용이 불편한 시민이, 차량 미소유자가, 자동차를 일주일 1~3회 이용하는 통행자들의 카쉐어링 선호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 주거 밀집지역과 대중교통 역 주변에서의 카쉐어링 잠재수요가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 요금체계는 시간당 지불방식을 가장 선호하였으며, 시간당 7,967원의 지불용의가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 통행목적에서는 업무 쇼핑 여가 레저 통행에서 카쉐어링 선호도가 택시 및 렌터카보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 카쉐어링 사업 시행의 정책방향 결정에 기여하며, 카쉐어링의 활성화에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2000

Despite research to treat delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), no effective treatment has been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a hold-relax technique and cryotherapy on DOMS. Thirty-three subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, hold-relax technique, or hold-relax technique and cryotherapy. DOMS was induced in the non-dominant biceps muscle through repeated eccentric contractions. Resting elbow joint position, flexion and extension (universal goniometer), pain (Visual Analogue Scale; VAS), and WBC count (blood analysis) were measured one hour before DOMS was induced and 24, 48, and 72 hours after DOMS was induced. The data were analyzed by repeated measure of two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to a resting elbow joint position, there were significant differences over time, especially at 24, 48 hours after DOMS was induced compared with resting elbow joint position before DOMS was induced. 2) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to range of flexion, there were significant differences between range of flexion before DOMS was induced and range of flexion 72 hours after DOMS was induced. 3) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to range of extension. 4) While analysis showed no significant differences between groups in relation to VAS, there were significant differences over time in different hours. 5) There were no significant differences between groups or over time in relation to WBC count. 6) There were no interactions between groups or over time in all variables. This results suggested that hold-relax technique and cryotherapy were not effective to reduce DOMS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1987

김치용 간절임 배추의 적당한 염도인 3%에 도달하는데 걸리는 간절임 시간은 5%에서는 l2시간 후에도 미달되었고, 10%는 약 7시간, 15%는 약3시간, 20%에서는 약 1시간 걸렸다. 절임중 잎은 줄기보다 빠르게 탈수되었는데 10시간 후에 잎과 줄기의 수분함랑은 각각 66와 64%로 낮아졌다. 생배추의 원부피는 간절임에 의해 59.90%가 감소하였고 생배추의 내부공간율은 35.06%나 감소하였다. 수침에 의한 제염속도는 염분침투속도보다 빨랐으며 약 7%수준에서 3%수준으로 되는데 잎은 약 1.2시간 들기는 약 3시간 걸렸다. 절임중 경도는 잎과 줄기에서 전체적으로 감소하였는데, 생체의 경우는 내부가 높았으나 간질임한 것은 점질부위의 경도가 증가하였다. 절임 과점에서 배추중의 $K^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ 금속이온은 감소한 반면 $Na^+$는 크게 증가했다. 절임과정과 수세과정에서 곰팡이, 효모, 세균의 수는 각각 58%, 40%, 45%줄었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.169-181
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• 1996

Today we are inclined to dine out more frequently according as the national income is increased and Women enter into the Social life, 'This tendency results in the universality of foodculture and the food made of fresh food stuff as well as the Pollution-free food is preferable as everyone warits to eat natural food or health food and escapes from the pollution. Moreover we have socail problems like fatress and adult disease which result from the small amount of activity or the food with high calory and high gat. under this circumstance. the most adeguate food seems to be Italian good. It stand in the spottight of food world and is most preferable for everyone today. The sphere of food and beverage has a low value-added-rate compartry to the high increasing rate of customers and profit, so, the efficient managing method for the cost of food and beverage and the operating skill in the kitchen are the principal factors leading to success or failure. Therefore, this research is to show some remedies as follows, pointing out the operating problems of an selected Italian restaurant at the top class hotel. First, most Italian restaurant at the hotel are located in the best place and investing the big capital, But they are open for only 8 hours through a day. This should be improved not to bring a enormous loss to the hotel The brealefast menus such as vegetables or fish food, pizza and pasta which modern man can easily enjoy should be developed open the restaurants for morning gours. Second, the business hours are not made continously. As a result, all the emplyees should stay in the company all day long without taking any advantage of the losed time, This will be the loss for both the company and the employees, By veloping the morning menus, employees shald be classified into morning and afternoon staffs and the opening and closing hour at 3 and 6 O'clock should be used so that minimum number of employees may operate the company. Third, the characteristic of Italian food is in the use of fresh food stuff, The proper purchase of food stuff and the simple distributing system will help Italian restaurant show its character istcc as a hzgh-grade restaurant. Fourth, the most popular Italian food such as pizza or pasta should be market with Priority.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1986

1986년 5월부터 동년 10월까지 폐흡충 침윤지로 알려진 경북 울진군을 관류하는 남대천, 광천, 왕피천에서 가재의 분포상을 조사한 다음 가재에서의 폐흡충 피낭유충 기생상을 조사하였다. 가재의 서식밀도는 한사람이 한시간에 잡을수 있는 가재의 평균수로 표시하였으며, 이번 조사에서는 최소 1마리, 최고 13마리, 평균 4마리를 채집 할 수 있었다. 가재에서의 폐흡충 피낭유충 검출률은 총 피검가재 817마리중 127마리 (15.5%)였으며, 지역별로는 두천계곡에서 25.1%로 가장 높았다. 가재 체부위별 검출상은 감염가재 127마리에서 총 219개의 피낭유충을 검출하였으며, 이중 두흉부(60.7%), 아가미(37.4%), 간(1.8%)순으로 검출 할 수 있었으며, 감염가재 1마리당 평균 유출수는 1.7개 이었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보아 경북 울진군 남대천, 광천, 왕피천 유역은 아직도 폐흡충 침윤지로 남아 있음을 알았다.