• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2017

Human malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer which has been rising at a greater rate than any other cancers. Although various new therapeutic methods have been developed in previous studies, this disease has properties of high proliferation and metastasis rate which remain obstacles that have lead to a poor prognosis in patients. It has been reported that a specific Lactobacillus extract has anti-cancer and -metastasis effect in vitro and in vivo. However, previous research has not specified precisely what effect the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) extract has had on human malignant melanomas. In this study, we showed that the LGG extract has anti-cancer and -metastasis effects on the human malignant melanoma cell lines, A375P and A375SM. At first, it was found that, while the LGG extract affects human neonatal dermal fibroblasts slightly, it induced the dose-dependent anti-cancer effect on A375P and A375SM by a WST-1 proliferation assay. As a result of a real-time PCR analysis, the expression patterns of several genes related to cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis were modulating in a manner that inhibited the growth of both malignant melanoma cell lines after the treatment of the LGG extract. Furthermore, genes related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition were down-regulated, and migration rates were also decreased significantly by the LGG extract. Our study showed that the LGG extract could be used as a potential therapeutic source.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

A self-administrated non-malignant respiratory symptoms questionnaire was sent to 1,099 citizens who take subway running in Seoul city. Symptom prevalence rate was high: 70.6% of subjects reported 'chest tightness', 43.4%, 'dysphnea'; 76.2%, 'dry cough'; 49.5%, 'runny nose'; 94.4%, 'drowsiness' when they take subway. The groups responding significant higher respiratory and drowsiness symptoms were 'young passengers' (vs elderly passengers), 'the female' (vs male), 'using subway everyday' (vs often), 'using subway for rush-hour time' (vs other than rush-hour), 'using transfer subway' (no transfer), 'using underground track' (vs ground track). Logistic. regression model was employed to find personal and subway characteristics affecting non-malignant respiratory symptoms. This study concluded that respiratory diseases history such as asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis significantly affect 'dry cough' and 'runny nose'. Thus, passengers with respiratory diseases history shows 2.8 times greater 'dry cough' than and 3.4 times greater 'runny nose' than those passengers without respiratory diseases history felt. This results indicated that several measures have to take to protect sensitive groups such as passengers with respiratory diseases, children and elderly people. Also passenger who use to transfer shows 1.7 times higher runny nose symptoms than that passenger who do not transfer felt.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2009

목적: 최근 발생빈도가 증가하고 있는 악성 흑색종의 치료 결과를 분석하여 장기 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 3월부터 2004년 3월까지 악성 흑색종으로 진단 받았고 5년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 51예를 대상으로 후향성 연구를 하였으며, 평균연령은 49.4세였다. 연구 방법으로는 나이, 성별, 발생 부위, 종양의 두께, 주위 림프절 전이여부, 면역화학 요법의 시행 유무에 따른 5년 생존율을 비교하였고, 전이 및 국소재발 유무를 조사하였다. 결과: 발병 연령이 65세 미만인 경우 5년 생존율은 88.5%였고, 65세 이상에서는 88.0%였다. 남자의 5년 생존율은 62.5%였으며, 여자는 100%였다. 발생 부위에 따른 5년 생존율은 상지가 100%, 하지가 80.0%, 기타 부위가 100%였다. Clark stage III이하에서는 100% 5년 생존율을 보였고, IV이상에서는 79.3%였다. 주위 림프절로의 전이가 있었던 경우 5년 생존율은 66.7%였고, 림프절 전이가 없었던 경우는 94.9%였다. 결론: 악성흑색종의 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자로 성별(남자), 발생 부위(하지), 종양의 두께(Clark's stage IV이상), 주위 림프절 전이가 있는 경우에 나쁜 예후를 보였으나, 다른 연구와는 다르게 발병 연령은 예후에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2005

Purpose: Submandibular gland tumor is rare, less than 6% of head and neck tumor. The purpose of this article is to analysis the clinical experience and treatment outcomes of malignant submandibular gland tumor, suggesting a guideline of management. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 26 patients who underwent operation for malignant submandibular gland tumor at Severence hospital between 1986 and 2004. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, log rank test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test using SPSS v12.0 for Windows. Results: They consisted of 18 males and 8 females whose median age was 47 years(range: 20-71). 10 cases of adenocystic carcinoma, 8 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, 4 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, 1 case each for acinic cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, adeno carcinoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Sialoadenectomy only was performed in 10 cases(36.5%) and sialoadenectomy with neck node dissection was performed in 16 cases(63.5%). Adjuvant radiotherapy was done in 22 cases(84.6%). 10 year disease free survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 63.1 % and 10 year overall survival rate for malignant submandibular gland tumor was 70.1%. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. Conclusion: In this study, prognostic factors affecting recurrence of malignant submandibular gland tumor was initially papable lateral neck node in physical examination and metastasis of lateral neck node in pathologic confirmation. The prognostic factors affecting survival of malignant submandibular gland tumor was tumor size, TNM stage, recurrence and type of recurrence. To prevent recurrence and to improve survival, early diagnosis and aggressive surgery must be considered.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1997

Clinical lymphadenopathies are subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) for diagnosing not only benign lesions but also malignant ones, as the first diagnostic procedure. While the diagnostic reliability in metastatic carcinoma is high, it is difficult to differentiate malignant lymphoma from reactive conditions. We evaluated the diagnostic reliability of FNAC in lymphadenopathy, and discuss the diagnostic limitation and its place in clinical practice in this study, Over 8 years from January 1988, FNAC of 1,216 lymphadenopathies were analyzed and among them 170 cases were compared with histopathology. The results are as follows. 1. Of ail the cases, 890 cases(73.2%) were diagnosed cytologically as benign, 312 cases(25.7%) as malignant, and 14 cases(1.1%) as unsatisfactory material. Reactive hyperplasia was diagnosed in 585 cases(65.7%) of the benign lesions, and among the malignant diseases, metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed in 248 cases(79.5%), and malignant lymphoma in 62 cases(19.9%). 2. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 89.2%, and no false positive case and 9 false negative results were observed among 170 cases which were proven by histopathology. Six cases of sampling error of false negative diagnoses included 3 of metastatic carcinomas and 3 of malignant lymphomas. The causes were difference between aspiration and biopsy site, poor fixation, or scanty cellularity with bloody smear. All 3 cases of misinterpretation error were malignant lympliomas, one of mixed type on biopsy which was diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia cytologically. In summary, FNAC technique is thought to be useful in the initial diagnosis of lymphadenopathies as well as in the follow-up of patients with known malignancy. Although the results of malignant lymphoma was less accurate than other malignant lesions, the application of strict cytologic criteria or lymphoid marker studies of aspiration material will reduce the false negative rate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been steadily increasing. Malignant melanoma is already known to have poorer prognosis than other primary skin cancers. Despite the poor prognosis, it is relatively less known to the public so that a number of patients visit hospital carrying advanced stage tumor. Yet, extensive study about malignant melanoma is currently insufficient, and specific guidelines and statistical figures in Korea are almost inexistent. Therefore, authors reviewed patients with malignant melanoma who have visited our hospital for last 14 years. Methods: Between January 1994 and January 2008, 62 patients were diagnosed with malignant melanoma at our hospital. A retrospective study was performed with data from patients' charts and biopsy results. Annual incidence, mean age of onset, gender, tumor location, tumor thickness, pathologic ulceration, clinicopathologic subtype, and clinical AJCC stage were evaluated. Analysis of factors associated with survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Kaplan - Meier method was used to generate survival curves. Results: Clinicopathologic features of 62 patients (32 male, 30 female) with average age of 57 years were evaluated. Most lesions were found in lower limb, and the most common subtype was acral lentiginous melanoma. We could also find that age, tumor thickness, and clinical stage were the only significant prognostic factors. Conclusion: Clinicopathologic features of malignant melanoma were analyzed in this study, but the result is not ready to be generalized because the number of cases is too small. Further study must be performed to report clinical guidelines for prognosis and treatment for malignant melanoma patients in Korea.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

Backgroud and Objectives: Major salivary gland tumor is a rare disease with a largely unknown origin. And also corresponding to the diversity of histopathologic characteristics is an equally wide distribution of clinical behavior that makes treatment decisions difficult. The aim of this study is to analysis the clinical experience of our major salivary gland tumor and to suggest a guidline of management. Materials and Methods : We studied clinical manifestations and treatment results of 104 patients who were diagnosed as major salivary gland tumors. Tumor site, patient age and sex of the patients were analysed. Histopathologic diagnosis, treatment modality, lymph nodes metastasis, recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were studied on malignant tumors. Results: 1) 48 patients were male and 56 patients were female. 2) Benign tumors were 79 cases. They consisted of 57 cases(72%) of parotid tumor, 22 cases(27%) of submandibular tumor. And pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor. 3) Malignant tumors were 25 cases and were consisted of 19 cases(76%) of parotid tumor, 4 cases(l6%) of submandibular tumor and 2 cases(8%) of sublingual gland tumor with high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma as the most common cause. 4) In the malignant tumors, the number of stage I, II tumors was 14 and that of stage III, IV tumors was 11. Neck node metastasis was noted in 8 cases. 5) 8 cases of malignant tumor were died and all of them had high-grade malignancy. And they were dead before 17 months from the time of diagnosis. 6) Mean survival duration in the malignant salivary gland tumor was 56 months. 7) High-grade malignancy had a 5-year survival rate of 57.9%. A 5-year survival rate of TI, T2 patients was 92.9% and that of T3, T4 patients was 36.4%. That of patients who had neck node metastasis was 37.5% and that of those who had tree neck was 82.4%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the survival rate is dependent on the tumor size, lymph node matastasis and histologic grade. And also the early diagnosis and radical surgery result in the increased survival rate and are effective for prevention of the tumor recurrance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2004

다량의 흉수는 수술 전 방사선 검사로 쉽게 평가할 수 있지만, 미량의 흉수나 흉막의 미세전이를 평가하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구는 원발성 폐암 환자에서 미량의 흉수나 흉막의 미세전이 여부가 예후에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 흉강 세척액 세포검사를 시행해서 그 결과를 분석하였다. 1998년 11월부터 2002년 8월까지 서울아산병원 흉부외과에서 원발성 폐암으로 폐절제술을 시행받은 환자 중 수술 전 방사선 검사에서 흉수가 없고, 수술 소견에서 종양의 흉벽 침범 소견이 없고, 광범위한 흉막 유착 소견이 없었던 315명을 대상으로 삼아 전향적으로 연구하였다. 흉강 세척액은 개흉 직후와 수술이 끝나고 흉강을 봉합하기 직전에 생리식염수 100 mL로 흥강을 세척해서 검체를 얻어 세포조직학적 검사를 시행하였다. 대상 환자는 남자 237명, 여자 78명이며, 평균 연령은 60.8$\pm$9.7세(27∼82세)였다. 315명의 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포가 발견된 경우는 총 28예(8.9%)였으며, 20예(6.3%)는 개흉 직후 시행한 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포가 발견되었다. 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포의 양성률은 조직학적 세포형, 림프절 전이, 장측 흉막 침범 여부 등과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. Stage I 및 II 환자 중 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포가 음성인 군은 1년 생존율이 93.9%인 반면 양성인 군은 85.7%로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 재발은 31예(13.6%)에서 있었고, 2-year recurrence-free rate는 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포가 음성인 군(90.1%)과 양성인 군(87.5%) 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대상 환자들의 중간 추적기간은 16.4개월(1∼48개월)였다. 원발성 폐암으로 폐절제술을 받은 환자에서 시행한 흉강 세척액 세포검사에서 악성세포의 존재 유무는 수술 후 생존율이나 재발률에 있어 통계학적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았지만 대상 환자들의 평균 추적기간이 짧은 점 등을 고려할 때 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

1979년 3월부터 1989년 7월사이에 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 55명의 환자가 이하선에 생긴 악성종양으로 치료를 받았다. 이 환자들을 대상으로 방사선 치료의 효과를 알아보기 위해 저자들은 후향성조사를 하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 8명의 환자는 수술이 불가능하거나 재발한 경우로 방사선 치료만 받았으며 나머지 47명에게는 수술후 방사선 치료를 추가하였다. 이 환자들의 중앙추적기간은 48개월이었다. 조직학적으로는 mucoepidermoid ca가 25명으로 제일 많았으며 malignant mixed tumor와 adenoid cystic ca가 각각 12명, 6명이었다. 모든 환자에 있어서 국소치유율은 10년에 65.7%였으며 수술과 방사선 치료를 병합한 군이 방사선 단독 치료군보다 양호한 결과를 나타내었다(71.8% 대 28.6%). 조직학적 grade 및 종양의 크기, 임파절의 전이 여부가 국소치유율을 결정하는 요인이었으며 안면신경의 절제유무는 국소치유율에 영향을 주지 못했다. 원격전이는 환자의 23.6%에서 일어났으며 주로 high grade 병변에서 폐를 침범하였다. 전체생존율은 10년에 72.2%였으며 5년이후에는 plateau를 이루었다. 무병생존율은 10년에 49.4%였으며 수술과 방사선 치료를 병합한 군과 low grade 병변에서 좀 더 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 이하선 악성종양의 치료에 있어서 이하선 절제술과 적절한 방사선치료를 병합함으로써 수술 혹은 방사선 단독 치료군보다 국소치유율의 향상 및 안면신경의 기능유지를 도모할 수 있으며 환자의 생존율을 높이기 위해서는 원격전이시 보다 효과적으로 작용하는 항암제의 개발이 시급하다 하겠다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.303-308
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• 1994

The ameloblastoma is considered to be a slowly growing locally invasive tumor with a high rate of recurrence if not removed adequately. Ameloblastoma generally dose not metastasize to distant places. In very rar case, ameloblastoma changed its histologic appearance to carcinoma or showed distant metastasie, these generally called malignant ameloblastoma. Inadequate surgical procedures, radiation therapy, and a long duration of this tumor seem to have significant relation to the development of metastasis. Therefore, adequate surgical treatment of the primary lesion plays an important role in the prevention of metastasis postoperatively. This report described an instance of malignant ameloblastoma and review of literature.