• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2017

Objectives : Bufalin is one of the bioactive component of 'Sum Su (蟾酥)', which is obtained from the skin and parotid venom gland of toad. Bufalin has been known to possess the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in various cancer cells. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has concerned, because it can selectively induce apoptotic cell death in many types of malignant cells, while it is relatively non-toxic to normal cells. Here, we investigated whether bufalin can trigger TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death in EJ human bladder cancer cells. Methods : Effects on the cell viability and apoptotic activity were quantified using MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. To investigate the morphological change of nucleus, DAPI staining was performed. Protein expressions were measured by immunoblotting. Results : A combined treatment with bufalin (10 nM) and TRAIL (50 ng/ml) significantly promoted TRAIL-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in EJ cells. The apoptotic effects were associated with the up-regulation of death receptor proteins, and the down-regulation of cFLIP and XIAP. Moreover, our data showed that bufalin and TRAIL combination activated caspases and subsequently increased degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusions : Taken altogether, the nontoxic doses of bufalin sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in EJ cells. Therefore, bufalin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the safe treatment of TRAIL-resistant bladder cancers.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2003

Out of entire salivary tumor, 1.7% are malignant lymphoma developed in salivary gland and it is usually mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma developed in salivary gland. In the case of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the most frequently involved extanodal sites of diffuse large B cell lymphoma are bone, skin, thyroid, gastrointestinal tract, and lung. Development in salivary gland is very rare. A 69 years old male patient who have found Lt. submandibular gland (SMG) mass a month ago is suspected of malignancy from his FNA result, so histologic exam by SMG resection was operated. According to histopathologic exam, large B cell lymphocyte infiltratration were generally shown as diffuse and lymphoepitheliallesion were not found. In immunostaining, CD79a showed positive and CD3, CAM5.2 showed negative which diagnosed as diffuse large B cell lymphoma. As Ann Arbor stage I, CEOP-B chemotherapy was used 3 times as treatment without any recurrence. In the case of malignant lymphoma in salivary gland, it develops as painless mass in ipsilateral side. If found in parotid gland, it is rare to have facial nerve falsy and pathologically diagnosed as lymphocytes of abnormal type of monoclonal immunostaining must be provided as evidence. Combined therapy is known as most effective treatment for intermediate grade.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1997

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, compring between 30 and 40%. Fine needle apsiration cytology was performed in five patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The patients consisted of three males aged of 42, 48, and 60 years, and two females aged 36, and 56 years. The primary tumor sites were the parotid gland in four patients and the submandibular gland in the rest one. The histologic grades were low in one patient, intermediate in two patients and high in other two. In our experience, the common cytologic findings of low grade subtype were predominent mucous cells with some intermediate cells in an abundant mucinous background. The cytologic findings of intermediate grade subtype were predominant clusters of intermediate cells with or without mucous cells in an abundant mucinous background. And the cytologic findings of high grade subtype were predominant clusters of epidermoid cells with intermediate cells in a bloody background. Cytologic pleomorphism and atypia were more severe in high grade than low and intermediate grade, and nucleoli were more frequently noted in epidermoid cells. In low grade, it is very difficult to decide the benignancy or malignancy of the tumor. In fact, the presence of mucous cells in a mucinous background should rule out any other type of well differentiated carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.97-97
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• 1993

Primary tumor arises infrequently in the parotid gland and generally, only about 20 to 40 percent of which prove to be malignant. They are characterized by histopathologic diversity, slow tumor growth, significant proportion of patients who have received previous treatment elsewhere. We have reviewed retrospectively 101 cases of parotid gland tumors which were treated for the recent eight years (1985-1992), Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions were all excluded.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.277-286
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• 1997

We have reviewed a 9-year experience with 47 patients treated for salivary tumors which arose In the parotid gland (23 patients; 48.9%), submandibular gland (15 Patients, 31.9%), minor salivary gland (8 patients; 17.0%), and sublingual gland (1 patient; 2.1%). The age of patients ranged from 12 to 71 with a mean of 42.9 years. The male to female ratio showed a female preponderance, 19:28 (1:1.5). An asymptomatic mass (91.5%) was most common presentation. With fine-needle aspiration, the predictive value of a neoplasm was 88.9%. Histopathologically, the most common salivary gland tumors was Pleomorphic adenoma(57.4%). The pleomorphic adenoma was most common in benign tumor group, and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma was most common in malignant tumor group. Of the salivary gland tumors, the incidence of cervical metastasis was 22.2%. Major postoperative complications were facial nerve paralysis and wound infection.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2004

Pilomatricoma is a benign soft tissue tumor of hair follicle origin. They occur most commonly in the head and neck region and are usually found in girls during the first two decades of life. Although malignant transformation has been described, it is exceedingly rare. The clinical presentation is typically that of an asymptomatic, superfical, solitary, firm mass that is often accompanied by a reddish-blue discoloration of the overlying skin. Histopathologically pilomatricoma are seen as epithelial islands embedded in a cellular stroma. The epithelial component consist of two main cell types : basaloid cells and ghost cells. Intracellular and stromal calcification is reported in many cases. Diagnosis is usually suspected based on palpation of a superficial, rock-hard mass and confirmed by histopathologic examination. Surgical excision is both curative and the treatment of choice. Recurrence is rare. In this case, the radiographs showed a dense calcification, measuring about 1cm diameter. So simple excision was peformed intraorally, and resultantly the lesion was proved to be a pilomatricoma by histological examination.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

This is a clinical, retrospective review of 66 cases of the Adenoid cystic carcinoma who were treated at the Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, Chonju during the past 20 years from January, 1971 to December, 1990. The results were obtained as follows; 1) The most common malignant tumor in the minor salivary gland was adenoid cystic carcinoma and it's incidence was 57.6% (38 cases). 2) The most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma in the major salivary gland was parotid gland with the incidence of 22.7% (15 cases). 3) The peak age of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma was 5th decade(30.3%) and others' peak age except adenoid cystic carcinoma was 6th decade(35.9%). 4) The duration of symptoms of adenoid cystic carcinoma patient was less than one year in the minor salivary gland, comprising 21 cases(55.3 %) and more than one year in 18 cases(64.9 %) of the major salivary gland carcinoma. 5) According to histologic grades of 66 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, Grade I was 15 cases and Grade II 19 cases, Grade III 5 cases. Other 27 cases were undetermined. 6) The incidence of cervical lymphnode metastasis of 39 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma classified into histologic grades was 0% in Grade I, 10.5% in Grade II and 20% in Grade III. 7) The incidence of nerve invasion confirmed histologically was 20% in Grade I, 63.2% in Grade II and 100% in Grade III. It was significant(p<0.01). 8) The local recurrence rate was 26.7% in Grade I, 47.4% in Grade II and 60% in Grade III. The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 14 cases among 19 cases in which distant spread occurred. 9) 5 year determinate disease-free survival rate according to the histologic grade was 57.1% in Grade I, 27.3% in Grade II and 25.0% in Grade III. 10) The determinate 5-year survial rate of adenoid cystic carcinoma was 71.4% in the only curative surgery group, 70.6% in the combined treatment group of surgery and postoperative irradiation, 66.7% in the combined treatment group of surgery with postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy, and 33.3 % in the non-curative treatment group. 11) The average size of tumor was 3.6cm in Grade I, 4.8cm in Grade II and 4.5cm in Grade III.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2014

Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. Systemic chemotherapy has been used for stage IV SDC, but there is no consensus on the standard treatment. SDC is histologically similar to ductal carcinoma of breast and often overexpress HER2/neu, hence HER2/neu targeted therapy could be one of treatment options. A 75-year-old Arabian man was diagnosed as SDC of right parotid gland with extensive metastases. He received oral 5-FU as palliative chemotherapy, but he was intolerable to oral chemotherapy due to severe oral mucositis. Considering immunohistochemical stain of tumor tissue showing strong positive for HER2/neu, we decided to administer an anti-HER2/neu antibody, trastuzumab. Follow-up CT scans before the third dose of trastuzumab demonstrated remarkable regression of multiple metastases as well as primary tumor. This case suggests that HER2/neu targeted therapy may be a potential therapeutic option for the SDC patient with overexpression of HER2/neu.