• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology, and calcification pattern of the elongated styloid process in the Mathura population and its relation to gender, age, and mandibular movements. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 2,706 adults. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The limits of mandibular protrusion were evaluated for each subject. The data were analyzed by using a Student's t-test and chi-squared test with significance set at p=0.05. Results: Bilateral elongation having an "elongated" type styloid process with a "partially mineralized" pattern was the most frequent type of styloid process. No correlation was found between styloid process type and calcification pattern on the one hand and gender on the other, although elongated styloid was more prevalent in older and male populations (p<0.05). Further styloid process elongation showed no effect on mandibular protrusive movement (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dentists should recognize the existence of morphological variation in elongated styloid process or Eagle syndrome apparent on panoramic radiographs. We found higher prevalence of elongated styloid process in the population of the Mathura region when compared with other Indian populations. The calcification of the styloid process was more common in the older age group with no correlation to gender, mandibular movement and site. "Type I" with a "partially calcified" styloid process was observed more frequently in the population studied.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-145
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• 2014

Objectives In this study, we tried to examine that Sasang Constitutional differences affect the direction of the treatment of anger by comparing the effect of mindfulness meditation for anger scale in accordance with the difference of the constitution. Methods We analysed 105 college student's Constitution by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II and the effect of mindfulness meditation for anger by State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Korean version(STAXI-K), Korean Version of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire(K-BARQ). Volunteers who participated in this study were 105 people, except for person that did not properly entered the anger scale and Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II, the subjects of analysis for State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory Scale were 45 and for the Behavioral Anger Scale were 49. Results & Conclusions The result of the effects of mindfulness meditation according to Sasang Constitution was as follows. The tendency to try to disperse and avoid the anger was increased through meditation for all subjects. The diffusion of male subjects and the avoidance of female subjects was increased. The effect of meditation on anger did not differ according to Sasang Constitution, constitutional differences did not affect the effects of meditation. The tendency of avoidance of anger was increased in Soyangin, Anger-out was decreased and the tendency of avoidance and diffusion of anger were decreased in Taeeumin through meditation.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.37-48
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• 2023

Universities in Korea are presenting various extracurricular activities for survival and growth. Although the goals of extracurricular activities are diverse, one of the most important is to improve the academic achievement of college students. In this study, we looked at the relationship between the cumulative score of extracurricular activities by difficulty level and academic achievement. As a result, first, even if students' basic academic skills were controlled, extracurricular activities had a positive effect on student achievement. This suggests that universities should provide extracurricular activities that are more diverse and tailored to the needs of students. Second, the participation rate of female students in extracurricular activities is similar to that of male students, but the performance is very high. Third, Senior students show high levels of participation and performance. This means that it is necessary to actively increase the participation rate of female students and lower grade students. To this end, not only publicity and compensation, but also active interest and participation of instructors will be required.

• Mood & Emotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their related factors among a group of medical students. Method : A total of 874 (529 male and 345 female) medical students were randomly selected to participate in a survey. Depressive symptoms, satisfaction with life, health behavior including alcohol use, stress, sleep disturbance and happiness were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Results : The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 10.8%. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, lower satisfaction of life, daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness, history of suicidal attempt, stress, sleep disturbance were found to be significant relating factors of depressive symptoms. In moderated regression analysis, the result showed that the impact of life stress were moderated by satisfaction of life on depressive symptoms, but the moderating effect of happiness was not significant. Conclusion : This study showed considerably high prevalence of depressive symptoms and BDI score in medical students. The findings suggest that early detection of depressive symptoms and intensive mental health promotion program is needed in order to improve medical student's mental health status.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2001

This study surveyed common sense of testing eye vision, feeling of own vision and wearing glasses, and method of wearing glasses using questionnaire for 625 primary student(male 322, female 303) live in Iksan city, Jeon buk Province. The question about the selection of testing vision office answered ophthalmic optics only 12.6% by common sense but 38.8% among testing vision students had been checked the visual acuity in ophthalmic optics. 40% student of all answerer have a poor vision by self-evaluation testing and realized when they look far vision is 46.4% among the poor vision answerer, look black board is 26.0%, look monitor is 18.4%, and reading is 9.9%. 46% answerer of the subjective poor vision who tested eye vision by self-evaluation did not correct eye vision. 48.7% answerer among uncorrect eye vision is because of having no chance to test. The question of effect in wearing glasses answered that the 48% of a1l answerer will be worse the visual acuity, the other is getting better and unchanged eye vision by common sense. The question about how looks like glasses wearer answered that the 45.8% answerer is uncomfortable appearance by common sense. 32.3% answerer of the glasses wearer became a failure wearer because glasses was uncomfortable to fit primary student.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.423-446
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• 2003

Library and information science professionals have to grasp user's needs and make the best decisions when designing, acquiring, and managing library information systems. However, it is not easy for them to make the decision owing to the lack of an understanding of the characteristics of a specific user group in computer-based information systems in libraries. The aim of this study was to provide information on the characteristics and abilities of specific user groups such as male & female student groups, undergraduate & graduate ones, Sciences and Humanities majored ones etc. The actual OPAC systems were searched by specific student user groups in selected academic libraries in both Republic of Korea and the States for the purpose(Author, Title, and Subject search). Ouestionnaire was prepared and administered to Korean college students in the city of Taegu, Korea and adjacent area. Two hundred and seven usable questionnaires were obtained and analyzed. These were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, and SPSS software. The major findings by data analysis of this study were described in chapters 4 and 5 of this paper in detail. Also, conclusions were drawn from the findings in this paper, and recommendations were proposed when designing, adopting, or managing a new system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-185
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• 1989

Korean home economics education has around 100 years history. The main aims of home economics education up 1950 had not been changed, they were mainly for the improvement of household-skill to raise both standard of living and life quality as well as womanhood. After 1960's the standard of living drastically improved and the industrialization of Korean society was quite rapidly proceeded from simple to complex one. Because of these changes, I considered that the aims and the contents of home economics education should be reexamined and reshaped. This study motivated me that especially home economics major should be trained to be competent enough to work in industrialized society as much as the input to her college education. As industialization was made progress, family member's diverse role differentiation also occurred from past simple role such as house wife or girl's high school teacher among by home economics major. In this current societal change, most of the home economics major have wish to have opportunities obtaining new kinds of employment rather than obtaining merely teaching work. With this in mind I made a study on college level home economics education of the new adjustment to current and future industrialized Korean society. (1) The full number of officially admissible home economics major in 169 Korean colleges, 70 junior colleges, and one open university were as follows, 7139, 6080, and 230 respectively. The percentages of employed of employed numbers of them for the college and junior college graduates were 26.5 and 39.0 respectively. (2) The certificate qualifications issued to college home economics major are nutritionist (1st grade and 2nd grade), clothes and textilist, home economics teacher (2nd grade for high school) and kindergartener (2nd grade), The qualifications are certified after majoring each field from major departments of college of home economics by Ministrys of Labour and Education of the Korean government. The percentages of their employment are low as mentioned earlier. (3) To find out new employment opportunity for home economics graduates in home economist in business (henceforce/HEIB) status quo of consumer division for mational enterprise was surveyed. According to govermment decree of general law of consumer protection (1980), enterprise should organize bureau (offics, subdivision) on liability to consumer's complaint. Of 89.6% of the enterprise established th subdivision in which 96.2% of employee was male (3.8% was female). Of the employee college graduate and high school graduate were 93.2% and 6.8% respectively. On the employee's major acadmic backgroud (%), economics and business administration, engineering and low-political science were 39.5, 26.2 and 11.2 respectively. (4) To study on the relation between home economics and home economist in business, the aspect of historical development of HEIB, group of HEIB employing enterprise and their nature of business were tried to find out as well as perception and evaluation by enterprise on HEIB. (a) In the united States of America employed home economics major to enterprise was organized autonomously HEIB subdivision within American Home Economics Association since 1920's and the membership of HEIB was 3,000 of the AHEA membership 50,000. (b) In Japan the Japanese founder HEIB had three times the bilateral congress with the U.S.HEIB and had 10th anniversary celebration in 1988. Japanese HEIB member are not necessary to be home economics graduates but should have certificate as consumer adviser effected by the Minister of Trade and Industry. Japanese subdivision of consumer affaire within Japanese enterprise employ the consumer adviser with the certificate. Because of this different system from the United Sates, Japanese HEIB call their title "HEEB" instead of HEIB. The Japanese consumer adviser certificate system had initiated since 1980 and it belongs to 2nd level national qualification certificate. Currently active membership of Japanese "HEEB" association had increased from 115 (in 1979) to 319 in 1988. (5) For the opening of the future new employment of home economics graduates to enterprise and qualification required for the HEIB by national enterprise in Korea, I studied on the courses which seem to be important and required by employee in the field of HEEB in the United States of America and preliminary curriculum for home economics related major student aimning to be the future "HEEB" by Japanese HEEB study group of Japanese Association of Home Economics. It is suggested that it is very important and urgent to realize as home economics educator to have common deep concern and endeavors on opening new employment for our home economics major student1), we should try to publicize strongly and let enterprise and consumer protection board realize that employee in the subdivision of consumer protection should be the one who well experienced home economics major graduates2), we, home economics educator, should try to develop actively new curriculum in line of the suggestion made earlier for our future home economics major student of open broadly their future employment opportunities3), we, home economics educators, should try to have consensus on whether we should have support from government in terms of receiving national qualification certificate on consumer pretection or not4), and I would appreciate if the Korean Home Economics Association and Korean Home Management Society paydeep and positive concern on this matter.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.443-452
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• 2021

College students face serious difficulties while seeking jobs, leading to a high degree of stress, which is thought to affect their attitude towards smoking. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between hardiness, job-seeking stress, and the attitude towards smoking among students, and to further identify the factors influencing smoking attitude. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 145 students. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Smokers constituted 22.1% of the sample. The study showed that smoking attitudes varied according to the smoking status (H=28.26, p<.001). The smoking attitude was seen to be desirable in the high group (t=-3.27, p=.001) and low job-seeking stress group (t=4.40, p<.001). There was a positive correlation between hardiness and smoking attitude (r=.18, p=.028). There was a negative correlation between job-seeking stress and smoking attitude (r=-.28, p=.001). Also, the factors affecting the smoking attitude were non-smoker respondent (β=.50, p<.001), job-seeking stress (β=-.23, p=.015), former smoker respondent (β=.22, p=.016) and the explanatory power was 24.3%. Therefore, school and health public center counseling and employment support programs need to help students manage and cope with stressful situations to change their attitude towards smoking in a desirable direction.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.106-115
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• 2002

Little is known about sexual autonomy in the light of human sexual health or sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of sexual autonomy by developing a scale to measure sexual autonomy in college students. The measure was based on the perspective of human beings as having autonomy. A methodological developmental design was used. The study was done in three steps and included concept development through content analysis of relevant literature individual interviews using open-ended questions with 19 college students, item analysis of data from self report questionnaires for item to total correlation, content validity index by professionals and college students, and factor analysis with principal component analysis. Three groups participated in testing the measurement scale; Group A in 1998, a nationwide convenience sample of college students (n=1,163), Group B, college students in 1999 (n=233), and Group C, college students in 2000 who responded to the measurement scale before and after a sex education program (n=216). A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test validity. For analysis of the questionnaires, statistical methods including reliability (test-retest), item to total analysis, content validity, factor analysis for construct validity and t-test for mean difference according to gender, sexual coitus, previous sex education, and pre-post experiment sex education were used with SPSS 10.0. Results: 1. Two stable factors were extracted and these contributed 48.05% of the variance in the total score. All 13 items loaded above .40 on each factor. 2. Factor I with 10 items was named 'control' and factor II with 3 items and was named 'coping'. 3. Differences in sexual autonomy scores for college students according to their experience showed that there were significantly higher scores for sexual autonomy in the post sex education group(t=-10.841, p=.000), but there were no differences according to whether or not they had previous sex education. Female college students had higher sexual autonomy scores than male college students in A or B group (t=-5.933, p=.000/ t=-1.992, p=.048). 4. Cronbach's $\alpha$ was .8603 for the total 13 items with 1,632 college students, .8739 with 232 students, .8333$\sim$.7647 with pre-post sex education with 216 students. This measurement was found to have a high validity and reliability for measuring sexual autonomy in college students. Therefore, the author recommends that it be used to measure the effects of sex education. It is suggested that further study is needed to analyze the relationship between sexual autonomy and sexual behavior.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-170
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problems that the adolescents have experienced and to assess the demands of counseling about the experienced problems. The design of this study was descriptive-survery study. The sample size was 601 middle and high school students. Data analysis was done by frequencies. Percent. t -test. ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficiency, stepwise regression and Cronbach's $\alpha$ Score was produced for the reliability of the tool by using the item analysis method. The results was as follows : 1. The distribution of the each item that the adolescents experienced according to the physical, psychalogical. Sexual and Socio-cultural problem Categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the number of items that half and more than half of the adolescents experienced of often or frequently were 10 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category. 13 item were among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 1 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 10 items were among all 30 items. 2. The distribution of the each items that the adolescents wanted to the counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories was examined. In the physical problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 1 among all 19 items. In the psychological problem category, the numbers of the items that half and more than half of the adolescents wanted counseling were 2 items among all 19 items. In the sexual problem category, 0 item among all 17 items and in the socio-cultural problem category, 2 items were among all 30 items. 3. In the comparison of the female student and male student about the experienced problems and the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories between groups(P<.001) 4. In the comparison of high school students and middle school students about the demands of counseling according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories(P<.001). Particulary, grade II of high school students have experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001). 5. In the correlation between the experienced problem and the demands of counseling according to 4 categories. there was the positive correlation at P<.001 level. 6. The less the satisfaction for family and school life. the more experienced problems according to the physical. psychological. sexual and socio-cultural problem categories. There was a significant difference statistically in all categories(P<.001).