• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find the charateristics of Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin from the result of body Circumference ratio. In this study, 324 data of body circumference were measured by body composition analysis. We analyzed the body circumference ratio by Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin. Taeumin's body circumference were significantly higher than those of Soeumin and Soyangin. Soyangin's body circumference was significantly higher than that of Soeumin. Male Taeumin's muscle circumference were significantly higher than those of male Soyangin and male Soeumin. Female Taeumin's fat thickness were significantly higher than those of female Soyangin and female Soeumin. Male Soeumin's ratio of hip circumference and neck circumference to abdomen circumference were significantly higher than those of male Taeumin and male Soyangin. Male Taeumin's ratio of hip circumference to abdomen circumference were significantly lower than those of male Soeumin and male Soyangin. Female Taeumin's ratio of hip circumference and chest circumference to abdomen circumference were significantly lower than those of female Taeumin and female Soyangin. In body circumference ratio, Soyangin had no difference among Sasang Constitution. In body circumference ratio, male Soeumin had big lower area ratio and big upper area ratio to lower-middle area. Male Taeumin had big lower-middle area ratio to lower area. Female Taeumin had big lower-middle area ratio to lower area and upper-middle area.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.892-900
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics of 78 diabetics by body fat distribution pattern. It was based on the survey of nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and serum components of the patients. The results were as follows: the average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1, and that of female subjects was 58.9, respectively. The average diabetic durations of male and female subjects were 4.8 and 5.9 years, respectively. In male, the ratio of upper body obese subject was 62.5% and the lower body obese subjects was 37.5%, while those of female were 69.4% and 30.6%, respectively. In nutrient intake state, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was tend to be higher in both male and female subjects. among the three major nutrients/calory ratio, protein/calory ratio was significantly lower in the male upper body obese subjects than in the male lower body obese subjects. Since weight, circumference of arm and waist, waist hip ratio(WHR) of both male and female subjects, body muscle mass(BMM) of male subjects and body mass index (BMI) of female subjects were significantly higher in upper body obese group, upper body obese subjects represented ore fat than lower body obese subjects. In male subjects, hemoglobin(Hb), A/G of upper body obese subjects were lower than the standard value, but there was no significant difference in the serum components between two subjects. In female subjects, Hb and A/G of lower body obese subjects were lower than those of the normal subjects, but Hb and Ht of upper body obese subjects were significantly higher than those of the lower body obese subjects.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 1982

To evaluate fetal sex-hormonal status before delivery, testosterone and follicle stimulating normone(FSH) levels were measured in 64 amniotic fluid samples at midgestation by radioimmunoassay method. The mean concentration of testosterone in amniotic fluid of 37 cases carrying male fetus was 90.7 pg/ml and 27 cases carrying female fetus was 62.3 pg/ml. The mean :amniotic fluid FSH concentration of male fetus was 1.15 mIU/ml and of female fetus was 11.98 mIU/ml. The amniotic fluid testoserone and FSH concentrations had statistical difference between male and female fetuses. The ratio of testosterone over FSH in the amniotic fluid was 231.2 in male, 9.8 in female respectively and very significant difference was noticed. The levels of testosterone/FSH greater than 25 were found over 92% of male fetus and lesser than 25 were found over 92% female fetus. Measurement of testosterone and FSH especially testosterone/FSH ratio in amniotic fluid in midgestation may be an adjunct to other method of fetal sex determination.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone mineral density of male (n = 59) and female (n = 172) teachers according to the obesity index by percentage of body fat and age. The energy intakes of obesity group were higher than normal group in male (p < 0.05), but were not significant in female. The protein intake ratio among three energy nutrients for male was higher than female (p < 0.001), and lipid intake ratio of obesity group in female was a little higher than male that was not significant. TC, LDL, TC/HDL, risk of coronary heart disease, blood glucose and blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in female (p < 0.01 ~ p < 0.001), but were little significance in male. Risk of coronary heart disease was affected by gender (p < 0.001), obesity degree (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), and interaction of gender and age (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was affected by obesity degree (p < 0.05), but was not affected by age. T-scores of forearm for female (= -1.42) were lower than that of male = -0.95), and T-scores of obesity group in male (= 0.12) were higher than that of normal group (= -0.33) but were not significant in female. The T-scores of forearm for female were affected by age (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.01), but calcaneus was not affected by gender. These results suggest lipid intake ratio should be balanced for obesity group in female. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is necessary for obesity group and older age groups. T-scores of forearm were lower than calcaneus, so arm exercise would be especially required to prevent osteoporosis for older age women groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.84-96
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• 1987

For the purpose of preparing the basic data for further cancer epidemiologic study and cancer patients control, we conducted the analysis on the degree and structure of deaths from cancer in metropolitan areas of Korea with 7,934 certified cancer deaths records of Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and Incheon in 1982. The analyzed results were as follows: 1) The total number of cancer deaths in metropolitan areas were 7,934 (male: 4,749, female: 3,185) as 14.1% of deaths from all causes in the same area. 2) The rate of physician's certification on cancer deaths was 77.4% and most of cancer deaths (84.4%) occured at their home. 3) Cancer specific death rate was 51.7 per 100.000 population (male: 62.9, female: 41.9) and age-adjusted cancer death rate was 82.4 in male and 51.6 in female per 100,000 population. And the difference was statistically significant (p< 0.01). 4) Age-specific cancer death rate was generally increased with age and most of cancer deaths (male: 75% , female: 65%) occurred from 45 to 74 years old. 5) The first three orders of cancer site were stomach (32.7%), liver (28.8%), lung (11.7%) in male and stomach (30.6%), uterus (18.4%), liver (13.8%) in female. And the relative frequency of these three cancer sites among total cancer deaths was corresponded to 73.2% in male and 62.8% in female. 6) The ratio of male to female cancer death rate was 1.5:1. And the ratio was aboye 3.0 in esophagus, liver, larynx, bladder cancer and the ratio was similar to 1.0 in stomach, pancreas, leukemia, brain, colon cancer, but the ratio was reversed in gall bladder and bile duct, and thyroid cancer.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

본 연구는 한국토종닭 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 개체들의 스트레스 반응 정도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 한 것으로 스트레스 반응 정도는 합사 이전과 합사 이후 개체들의 H/L ratio, HSPs 유전자 발현량 및 세포 내 DNA 손상율을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 합사에 따른 개체들의 H/L ratio 값이 합사 이전에 비해 3배 이상 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났으며 암수 간 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). HSP-70, HSP90-α 및 HSP90-β 유전자 발현율에 있어 모든 HSPs의 유전자 발현율이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후 2.5~3.4배 정도 유의하게 상승한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 암컷이 수컷에 비해 합사에 따른 HSPs 발현율 증가가 높은 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 세포 내 DNA 손상율 분석에 있어 모든 Comet 지표들이 암수 합사 이전에 비해 합사 이후에 유의하게 증가하였으며, 암수 간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 이상의 결과들을 종합할 때, 토종 종계에 있어 암수 합사가 암컷과 수컷 모두에게 매우 큰 외적 스트레스 요인으로 작용함을 시사한다고 하겠다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.917-931
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the optimum low-density lipoprotein : high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL : HDL-C) ratio for predicting coronary heart disease(CHD) in Korean people. Methods: It was analyzed this data of 5,431 adults who had undergone health examinations in a hospital in Gyeonggi-do between January 2006 and December 2007. The covariation of the coronary risk factors such as age, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure(SBP), and waist-to-stature ratio(WSR) were analyzed by using logistic regression analysis. Results: The LDL : HDL-C ratio in the male and female groups was mostly distributed between 1.5 and 4.0. The LDL : HDL-C ratio was the most significant cholesterol-related parameter influencing CHD (male: B = .306, p = .054, female : B = .940, p = .010), followed by LDL-C and total cholesterol. It was observed a sharp increase in the odds ratios for LDL : HDL-C ratios of 2.25 - 2.50(male) and 2.00 - 2.25(female). A significant difference was observed in both male(2.25 : $x^2$ = 2.494, p = .072) and female(2.00 : $x^2$ = 413.742, p = .000) groups. Conclusion: The risk level of CHD was set to 2.25 for males and 2.00 for females. Therefore, the optimum LDL : HDL-C ratio for Koreans should be far lower than that for the people in western countries.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of performance-related pay on gender labor productivity differences theoretically and empirically. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes the Principal-Agent model in which a firm employes many male and female workers under moral hazard, and uses large survey data from Survey of Business Activities of MDIS (MicroData Integrated Service) in Korea. The fixed-effect model is employed in order to analyze the data. Findings - The theoretical result is that, after performance-related pay is offered to workers, the effect of performance-related pay on gender productivity is determined by whether the female ratio within firm affects firm's performance(such as revenue and profit) per capita. The empirical result is that, before performance-related pay is provided for all workers, the firm's female ratio does not affect firm's revenue and profit per capita at all, but after it is offered, the female ratio positively affects firm's performance per capita. Research implications or Originality - Fixed pay does not bring about the difference between male and female productivity, but performance-related pay affects female productivity more positively than male productivity in Korean firms. It means that female workers are more sensitive to incentives than men in Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2022

본 연구는 토종실용닭 암수 간의 생산 특성 및 생리적 특성을 비교하고자 이들의 산육 능력, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도를 살펴보았다. 시험은 토종실용닭 암컷 608수와 수컷 479수를 대상으로 1일령부터 12주간 실시하였다. 산육 능력의 평가는 체중, 사료 섭취량, 사료요구율을 조사하였고, 강건성 및 스트레스 반응 정도의 측정은 생존율, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율, HSP-70, HSP-90α 및 HSP-90β 유전자 발현율을 분석하였다. 시험 결과, 암수 간의 체중은 2주령부터 시험 종료 시까지 수컷이 암컷보다 유의하게 높았고(P<0.01), 사료 이용성은 시험 전기간 수컷이 암컷보다 많은 사료를 섭취한 반면 낮은 사료요구율을 보였다. 시험 전 기간 생존율은 암컷이 82.8%, 수컷이 73.8%로 암컷이 수컷보다 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 스트레스 반응 지표 분석 결과, 텔로미어 함유율, DNA 손상률, heterophil-lymphocyte 비율 및 HSP 유전자 발현율 모두에서 암컷과 수컷 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 토종실용닭 암수 간의 산육 능력과 생존율의 차이는 있으나 스트레스 반응 정도의 차이는 없는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 토종실용닭의 생산성 측면에서 암수의 생리적 특성과 무관하게 암컷과 수컷을 분리하여 사육하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 육계의 성비가 행동 및 복지지표에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 암수의 성비를 0:100 (T1), 25:75(T2), 50:50 (T3), 75:25 (T4) 및 100:0 (T5)의 5 처리를 하여서 4주간 조사하였다. 처리구에서 전체 행동 중 resting 행동 빈도가 74.4% 이상으로 가장 많이 차지하였다. 그 외 pecking 행동이 5.39∼23.07%, standing 행동이 1.78∼24.75%, moving 행동이 0.59∼11.46%로 나타났다. Pecking, standing resting 및 moving 행동 빈도는 성비 및 암수간에 유의한 차이는 인정되지 않았다(P>0.05). 그러나 pecking, resting 및 moving 행동 빈도는 일령의 변화에 따라서 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.05). Gait, foot pad 및 hock burn score는 성비의 차이에 따른 영향을 받지 않았지만, 모든 처리구에서 수컷보다 암컷에서 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 21일령과 35일령에서의 발톱의 길이는 성비에 따라서, 또는 암수간에 차이는 인정되지 않았다. TI-reaction은 21령이 35일령보다, 암컷이 수컷보다 낮아지는 경향이 인정되었다. 본 연구에서 T4 처리구의 hock burn score, 발톱의 길이 및 TI-reaction이 다른 처리구보다 낮아지는 경향이 인정되었다. 결론적으로 육계를 암수 혼합 사육할 때, 암수의 성비는 육계의 복지지표에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 생각된다.