• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 2013

There are a large number of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones from compositae plants including Hemistepita lyrata Bunge. In the present study, we purified two sesquiterpene lactones, Hemistepsin A and B, from H. lyrata and evaluated their antimicrobial activities against Malassezia obutusa. Chromatographic separation was used for the preparation of Hemistepsin A and B, and the identity of these compounds was confirmed by NMR. Strong inhibition of growth of M. obutusa was obtained with all doses of Hemistepsin A tested. Moreover, antifungal activity of Hemistepsin A occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Hemistepsin B also showed potent antifungal activity at the dose of $800{\mu}m/disc$. From these results, it was suggested that Hemistepsin A and B be beneficial for the preparation of the useful agent for treating scalp diseases occurred by dandruff-causing Malassezia species.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2013

Pathogenic microbes secrete various enzymes with lipolytic activities to facilitate their survival within the host. Lipolytic enzymes include extracellular lipases and phospholipases, and several lines of evidence have suggested that these enzymes contribute to the virulence of pathogenic fungi. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogens, and several biochemical and molecular approaches have identified their extracellular lipolytic enzymes. The role of lipases and phospholipases in the virulence of C. albicans has been extensively studied, and these enzymes have been shown to contribute to C. albicans morphological transition, colonization, cytotoxicity, and penetration to the host. While not much is known about the lipases in C. neoformans, the roles of phospholipases in the dissemination of fungal cells in the host and in signaling pathways have been described. Lipolytic enzymes may also influence the survival of the lipophilic cutaneous pathogenic yeast Malassezia species within the host, and an unusually high number of lipase-coding genes may complement the lipid dependency of this fungus. This review briefly describes the current understanding of the lipolytic enzymes in major human fungal pathogens, namely C. albicans, C. neoformans, and Malassezia spp.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.566-574
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the outbreak rate and the causative agents of otitis externa in 26 dogs (49 ears ; 23 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral), and the normal microfloras of external ear canal in 68 dogs(133 ears ; 65 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral ) in Taegu, 1997. The breed, living environment, sex, age and season distribution of otitic dogs were as follows : Dogs with erect and hairy ears(42.3%), pendulous and hairy ears(38.5%), indoor(92.3%), female(65.4%) and below one year old(38.5%) were more prevalent. According to season, otitis externa was mainly occurred between July and October. The major causative agents of canine otitis externa were Malassezia pachydermatis (32.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.5%) and S intermedius (16.3%). In the microorganism isolated 39 otitic ear canals, single infection was 53.8% and mixed infection was 46.2%. The normal microfloras of canine external ear canal were fungi including M pachydermatis, Aspergillus spp, Microsporum canis, Alternaria spp, Verticillium spp and Yeast, and bacteria including Staphylococcus spp(10 species including S xylosus), Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Listeria spp, Actinomyces pyogenes and Escherichia coli. No growth was 34.6%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.743-748
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• 2009

Fungal diversity during composting was investigated by culture-independent rDNA sequence analysis. Composting was carried out with pig manure and mushroom cultural waste using a field-scale composter (Hazaka system), and samples were collected at various stages. Based on partial sequence analysis of large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and sequence identity values, a total of 12 different fungal species were found at six sampling sites; Geotrichum sp., Debaryomyces hansenii, Monographella nivalis, Acremonium strictum, Acremonium alternatum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Myriangium durosai, Pleurotus eryngii, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia restricta, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Fusarium sporotrichioides. Geotrichum sp. of the class Saccharomycetes was the most predominant fungal species throughout the composting process (185 out of a total of 236 identified clones, or 78.4%), followed by Acremonium strictum (7.6%), Monographella nivalis (5.1%), and Pleurotus eryngii (3.8%). The prevalence of Geotrichum sp. was the lowest (61.1%) at the beginning of composting, and then gradually increased to 92.5% after 10 days of composting.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 1993

Common dermatophytosis in upper Egypt were studied at three hospitals in Minia city. Tinea corporis (ringworm of glabrous skin) was diagnosed in 127 patients (84 males and 53 females). Trichophyton was the most common genus and was represented by 6 species among which T. violaceum was the commonest fungus. Microsporum was represented by 4 species and M. canis was the prevalent species. Tinea pedis (ringworm of the foot) was noticed in 22 cases (13 males and 9 females) and also Trichophyton and Microsporum were the causal organisms. Three species of Trichophyton namely: T. violaceum, T. kuryngei and Trichophyton sp. were isolated. Tinea cruis (ringworm of the groin) was diagnosed in 21 patients (16 males and 5 females). Epidermophyton floccosum was the most prevalent fungus associated with tinea cruris whereas Trichophyton and Candida were less frequent. Tinea unguium (ringworm of the nail) was diagnosed in 9 patients, 8 were females and one was male and the age incidence ranged between 5 and 55 years. M. canis occurred in 2 cases and T. mentagrophytes in one case. Out of 86 cases of tinea versicolor, 71 were males and 15 were females. Malassezia furfur was the main causal agent. All patients of candidiasis and paronychia were females and Candida was the most prevalent causal agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2015

Vinca alkaloid compounds including vincamine from Vinca minor L. have been extracted by ethanol and hot water extraction methods. Antimicrobial properties of those extracts have been investigated against dandruff causing microorganism Malassezia furfur, yeast, Gram positive and negative bacteria. Vincamine standard and ethanol extract showed no sign of antimicrobial activity, whereas hot-water extract had the activity against M. furfur. Furthermore hot water extract had antimicrobial activity against Gram positive Bacillus sp. and Gram negative Escherichia coli. Cytotoxic properties of those extracts have also been investigated with HaCaT cell (human keratinocyte), HT-29 cell (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell) and Raw cell, showing no significant cytotoxic effects. We also measured the ROS using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), a popular fluorescence-based probe for reactive oxygen species detection. The result showed the increasement of reactive oxygen species formation (20%) in HaCaT and HT-29 cell lines.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of Camellia japonica extracts for cosmetic applications. Antimicrobial effects of C. japonica were determined against Bacillus cereus by methanol extract of new leaf, stem and stem-leaf; Malassezia pachydermatis, by methanol extract of new leaf and stem-leaf. A methanol extract of new leaf of C. japonica showed strong antimicrobial effect using paper disc method against most species especially in Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidative activities of C. japonica seed oils were determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. The value of $EC_{50}$ of DPPH scavenging activity was 500 mg/mL and that of ABTS scavenging activity was 96.10 mg/mL. C. japonica oil extracts showed lower antioxidative activities than those of gallic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Electron microscopic observation of damaged virgin hairs of different ages gave a stabilizing effects after C. japonica seed oil treatment. These results indicated that the extracts of stem, leaf and seed of C. japonica could be used as cosmetic ingredient combined with appropriate formula.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-73
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• 2017

Objectives : Because fungal disease is common and easy to recur, there is need to develop treatment in Korean medical academy. For more intensified study about fungal disease, this article summarized and analyzed tendency of ones in Korean medical journal. Methods : We found 74 articles about fungus in journal of Korean medicine by using 15 Korean keywords and 19 English keywords at internet reference site as follows ; http://oasis.kiom.re.kr, http://www.riss.kr, http://www.dbpia.co.kr, http://www.ndsl.kr, http://kiss.kstudy.com, http://www.naver.com, http://www.google.com. Results : There were 12 articles(16.2%), ranked highest in 2005. Korean Journal of Oriental Physiology & Pathology ranked highest(41.9%). 3 persons ranked highest(23.0%) in number of author. There was 1 descriptive report in original article category. There were 52 In vitro articles and 8 In vivo & In vitro articles in experimental study item. Candida species ranked highest in strain category. There were 4 case reports. Conclusions : There were many experimental studies about fungal diseases, but more clinical research and case reports are necessary to give practical application to patients.