• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2009

이 연구는 성공적인 토론을 위해 필요한 토론 능력의 구성요소는 무엇이며, 또 토론 실행 과정에서 단계별로 어떤 전략이 효과적인가에 대해 대학생들의 실제 토론 상황을 토대로 연구한 것이어서 학생들의 토론 능력 신장에 크게 기여할 것으로 확신한다. 토론 능력은 주어진 문제에 관한 인지적 지식을 가지고 언어적으로 논쟁을 하고, 서로 대립적인 주장을 펼치면서 바람직한 결론을 도출해 내는 행동적 요소를 포함하고 있다. 토론 구성요소로는 표현 능력, 자료 분석 능력, 논증 능력, 듣기 능력,조정과 협상 능력 등이 있다. 토론 전략은 준비단계에서의 전략과 실행단계에서의 전략으로 나누어 살펴 보았다. 준비과정에서의 전략으로는 규칙을 준수하며 말하기, 감정이입적 말하기, 역지사지적 말하기,책임감 있게 말하기 등이 있다. 실행단계에서의 전략은 다시 입론과정과 교차조사과정, 반박과정으로 나누어 제시하였다. 토론 능력을 갖춘 사람이 여기에서 밝힌 토론 전략들을 실제 토론 현장에서 활용한다면 자신의 의사소통 목적을 충분히 달성 할 수 있을 것으로 믿으며 이런 점에서 이 연구가 의의를 지닌다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2007

토론에서의 대응 전략과 그 기능 등을 고찰한 이 연구는 학생들의 표현능력과 이해능력을 신장시킬 수 있는 구체적이고 실용적인 교육 자료를 제공해 주고 갈등 상황을 정확하게 분석, 민첩하게 대응할 수 있는 응용 능력을 신장시키는 데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다. 토론에서의 단계별 대응전략들을 살펴보면 입론과정에서의 전략 유형으로는 (1) 개념정의 형식, (2) 해결책 제시 형식, (3) 인과관계형식, (4) 사례제시형식이 있다. 반박과정에서의 전략 유형으로는 (1) 자문자답형식, (2) 주장대조형식, (3) 일부인정형식 이 있다. 교차조사과정에서의 전략 유형으로는 (1) 반문반박형식, (2) 일부동의반박형식이 있다. 이 연구를 교육 현장에서 활용한다면, 학생들의 의사소통능력과 협상 능력을 향상시킴은 물론 한층 더 성숙한 사고력과 판단력을 갖추게 함으로써 21세기형 리더십을 키우는 데 크게 기여할 것으로 확신한다.

• 복식
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.167-182
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the art nouveau fashion represented in the end of the twentieth century. The characteristics of art nouveau are naturalism, medievalism , exoticism, and decadentism. The influences of art nouveau were seen in the fashion of the late nineteenth century : S-curve silhouette and organic curve motives printed on hems. Art nouveau has reappeared in modern fashion trends such as romanticism , decadence, ecology, ethno, and fusion. To sum up, art nouveau fashion at the end of the twentieth century is classified into four shapes. First, art nouveau appears in naturalism. Influenced by the arts and crafts movements and naturalistic trend, it has reappeared at the end of the twentieth century in themes like 'art & craft'. This expression technique is to objectively nature and to represented art nouveau textiles. Second, S-curve silhouette appeared at the end of nineteenth century's fashion with the art nouveau influenced rejection of the bustle style. At the end of the twentieth century, the design , emphasizing the hip, is represented in fashion collections as a phenomenon of romanticism . Especially the art nouveau silhouette of the end of the twentieth century does not represent S-curve silhouette. But , it emphasizes the hip only. Third, Art nouveau exoticism by symbolism is influenced by Chinese and Celtic art, the Middle Ages, and the exoticism that appeared in fashion at the end of the nineteenth century : harem style, kimono style, and turbans. Exoticism at the end of the twentieth century is expressed by optical flower prints and successive floral print arrangements as seen in the themes of ethno and fusion. Fourth, one of the characteristics of art nouveau, decadence is influenced by the pre-raphaelite brotherhood. This is expressed in the images of vampires, and symbolism expressing grotesque insect motives and decadent successive curves. At the end of the twentieth century decadence is represented in fashion ; grotesque insect motives, tatto looks of organic curve motives celtic hair style, see-through fashion, grotesque make-up . Besides hair style techniques, decadent expressions applying art nouveau paintings also appeared. Finally , art nouveau fashion represented as a fashion trend at the turning point to the new millennium is one of great significance as an organic, an environment-intimate and continuance-possible design in a future.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.141-168
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• 2001

The causes that the transparency of Korean accounting information was rated low, a short supply of faithful and transparent accounting information from the limitation of external audit environment must be pointed out. Purpose of the external audit is a expression of the auditors about that financial statements an enterprise made public were appropriately drew up in accordance with the corporate accounting principles from important point of view. Analysis of the audit opinion and so fourth according to 6,541 individual audit reports and introduced to the bill securities forward committee as a subject of external audit according to the raw of corporation external audit show that considerable change to the contents of audit report. This show as it is that uncertainty of future that is now being faced by our enterprise, because corporation which present audit reports since 1997 because of enterprise dishonor and contents of existence probability as a continued enterprise following to general economic crisis after 1998 occupy important position in special matters of audit report. Also, increase in special matters is due to application of the corporate accounting principles revised on December 11, 1998. In 1999, audit opinion under limitation(limitation, incongruity and rejecting opinion) increased greatly according to existence doubt as a continued enterprise, and this is the consequence of strengthening audit to the continues enterprise because of limited enterprise dishonor according to the stagnancy of business activities after 1997. Now financial supervisory service put in effect electromagnetic public announcement system about a project report of listed corporation (including an audit report) keeping pace with a documentary public announcement system as first phase since 1999 and expand to the unlisted corporation from 2000. As electromagnetic public announcement of public announcement documents including audit documents of external audit subject get a duty, approach of external user to the accounting information will be easier. Fixation of this system will make deep and wide analysis to the audit opinion, and this will draw up a plan to reconsider confidence of accounting information.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 생태교란종으로 지정되어 대량으로 방제되는 영국갯끈풀의 에탄올 추출물을 활용하여 여러가지 생리활성을 평가하고 화장품 원료로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 항산화 활성은 라디컬 소거법인 DPPH와 ABTS assay 및 환원력을 통한 FRAP과 같은 화학적 방법으로 조사한 결과, 영국갯끈풀 지상부 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성이 우수하였다. 각 추출물 농도 0.5 mg/mL 이하 조건에서 RAW264.7 cell과 NHDF cell에 대한 세포독성은 관찰되지 않았다. LPS로 활성화 된 RAW264.7 세포에서 증가된 염증매개물질 NO와 사이토카인 생성량은 지하부 에탄올 추출물에 의해 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 또한 NHDF cell을 지상부와 지하부 두 추출물로 처리하여 collagen 합성과 피부 수분 유전자 발현을 조사한 결과 높은 항주름 및 보습 효능을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 영국갯끈풀 에탄올추출물은 기능성화장품의 생리활성 물질에 대한 유용한 바이오 자원으로서의 활용 가능성이 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.83-103
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• 2008

In the new web based learning environment which has recently emerged, a variety of new learning objectives and teaching methods suited to this learning environment have been adopted. Recently, web based project-based learning methods have received a great deal of attention from those wishing to improve learning performance. The objective of this study is to identify the impact of characteristics of communication media and instruction behavior on collaborative interaction and project performance through web based group projects. The characteristics of communication media were divided into richness, flexibility, and ease of use, and the characteristics of instruction behavior were divided into support and expression, which are independent variables. Collaborative interaction as a mediate variable, was divided into information sharing and negotiation. Project performance was the dependent variable. To verify the proposed research model empirically, an experiment was conducted in which learners participated in on-line and off-line courses with group projects. The group project was conducted virtual product development(VPD), and designed a web-site about the VPD. At the end of the project, a survey was conducted. Of the 270 students, 239 responded. The students were assigned to groups of 3 or 4 members, and represented different genders and levels of computer competence. The reliability, validity, and correlation of research variables were analyzed using SPSS 14.0, and the measurement model and the structural goodness-of-fit of the research model were verified through SEM analysis using Lisrel 8.54. We found important results as follows; First, richness and ease of use has positive impacts on each of sharing information and negotiation. This suggests that richness and ease of use are useful in sharing information which is related to the task and agreeing in opinions among group members. However, flexibility has not positive impacts on sharing information and negotiation. This implies that there is no great difference in performance of PC and information literacy of user. Second, support and expression of instructor have positive impacts on sharing information and negotiation. This indicates that instructors play an important role in encouraging learners to participate in the project and communicating with them, sharing information related to the project, making a resonable decision and finally leading them to improve a project performance. Third, collaborative interaction has a positive impact on project performance. This result shows that if the ability to share information and negotiate among students was improved then a project performance would be improved as well. Recently, in the state of revitalized web based learning, it is opportune that web-based group project is practically conducted, and the impact of characteristics of communication media and characteristics of instruction behavior on sharing information, negotiating among group members and improving a project performance is verified. On the basis of these results, we propose that forms of learning, such as web based project, could be one of solution which is to enforce interaction among learners, and ultimately improve learning performance. Moreover web-based group project is able to make up for a weakness which makes it difficult to make interpersonal relations or friendship among learners in computer mediated communication or web based learning.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.385-419
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• 2012

Son Jinchaek got into his directing career since 1976 when he founded the theatre group Minye with Huhgyu and others. His experience in Minye was the turnaround of his life; Huhgyu was a teacher in his artist's life whereas Brecht was a teacher for his ideology to make 'Korean Theatre'. From these two teachers, he learned how and why Korean Theatre should be made. Since then, Korean theatre was his calling for 40 years of his directing career. As he established Michoo in 1986, it served a turning point in his art. His focus was on intrinsic attributes of Korean Theatre with Madang Jungshin. With Madang Jungshin, he tried to get over the former generation's fixation on external materials of Korean traditional theatre and folk culture to make Korean Theatre. Rather, he believed Korean Theatre could be realized when it grafted Korean social reality onto the stage, while the form was subsequent. He advocated Korean Theatre should mirror present social reality and circulate social energy. Also, he did not give up aesthetics. On the contrary, his aesthetic style was conspicuously evident in his productions. In spite of his life long career with noteworthy works, the critical discourses are strikingly scarce especially when compared with other senior and peer directors such as Hugh Gyu, Ahn Minsoo, Oh Taesok, and Lee Yoontaek. During his career he has crossed into various genres from Changeuk, Madangnori, and to theatres, which were too versatile to thread them into a discourse and caused a lack of theoretical greeting. Madangnori has anchored its artistic structure on its polished aesthetics which were acclaimed by the general audience for 30 years. For theatre, he concentrated on one production per year to grasp its own style. Theatre works also had revealed his own style of being opened and of being emptied which was certainly different from Madangnori, but had same aesthetic principle within it. This paper attempts to recompose his stylistic features with 'Madang aesthetics' which were based on open space, open acting style, and graphic ensemble. This paper tries to demonstrate how his 'Madang aesthetics' has refined his productions in scenography, acting style, and in more like metaphoric and metonymic symbolic expression of the graphic ensemble. To do this, two productions were explored: eLee Chunpoongjeun and Yulha Ilgyee Manbo. Madangnori was sorely explored by Son Jinchaek with his artistic colleagues Yoon Munshik, Kim Jongyeup, Kim Sungnyu, music designer Park Buhmhoon, and choreographer Guk Sooho. Though it has been ignored for its popular appeal by the doctrinaire theoretical opinions, it started to pull academic attention recently. His theatres are also getting sharp with his 'Madang aesthetics' as well as minimalistic expression in scenography, acting style, and graphic ensemble. Madang Jungshin is the soul and Madang aesthetics is the body in his artistic works. The Madang Jungshin animates the Madang aesthetics, so they become alive in his theatre.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

저수온기만 넙치에 대량 폐사를 일으키는 바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증을 폐사가 발생하는 $15^{\circ}C$, 폐사가 발생하지 않는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 인공감염시켜 넙치의 면역 유전자 발현 profile을 cDNA microarray 분석하였으며, 특히 저수온기에 폐사가 나타나는 원인을 면역 유전자 발현과 관련시켜 알아보고자 하였다. $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$의 감염 세포구에 공통으로 발현되는 유전자는 MHC class I, IL-8, myeloperoxidase 및 endonuclease G-like 유전자로 모든 세포표면에 존재하여 항원을 제시하거나 호중구 주화성을 자극하는 유전자들이었다. 항원 가공 및 제시, 항체 생성에 관여하는 MHC class II, immunoglobulin (Ig)과 retinoblastoma 등의 유전자는 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 발현이 증가하였으나 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 발현이 감소되었다. 이로부터 폐사가 발생하지 않는 $20^{\circ}C$는 바이러스 감염초기의 항원 제시, MHC class I과 II에 의한 항원제시, apoptosis 및 이후의 항체 생산이 정상적으로 이루어져 폐사가 발생하지 않는 것으로 생각되었다. 그러나 폐사가 발생하는 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 MHC class I매개의 항원 제시와 탐식 작용등의 선천 면역은 이루어지나 macrophage에 의한 MHC class II매개의 항원 제시와 apoptosis저하, 항체 생산 관련 유전자의 발현저하가 관찰되어 초기 macrophage에 의한 항원제시의 실패로 적응 면역이 제대로 활성화되지 않아 폐사가 발생한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

Objective: The goal of this study is to design a creative tutoring service, which helps children gain confidence and creativity through learning activities. Background: Nowadays most kids are growing up in a very competitive environment under their parents' zeal for education. A stressful environment can deter a child from the confident undertaking of challenges, leading to depression, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy. Art therapy helps children work through these issues, however the process led by instructors or parents, and kids still feel anxious studying adults' face to read their thought. Method: To help children address challenges, a creative tutoring service application can provide images with certain tasks instead of asking them to fill in blank areas. The tasks asked by the service system are 1) to visualize children's own experience utilizing visually associated images from given images and 2) to create an illustrated story modifying and re-composing given images. Another task is to learn basic math and words with numbers and alphabets in customized colors. By completing each task children collect awards, which allow them graduate to higher levels of challenges. The outcomes from the tasks are sent to the main server system and reviewed by analysts. Those results are sent to children's parents as a text message on smart phone. Results: Visual implication using images inspires children to make creative stories based on their own experience. Also, children can find their own patterns of reaching answers by using synaesthetic imagery through repetitive practices of creative thinking tasks. Conclusion: Understanding how they feel about doing tasks in certain environments and assessing them in varied situations should be carefully considered when designers approach service design for kids. By focusing on how to tutor children in creative ways, as opposed to focusing on the expected outcome, creative service applications can be designed to reduce children's stress and encourage self expression. Children are predicted to gain confidence through using the service without the concern of comparison by others. Application: The creative tutoring service needs to be developed and tested by varying types of children.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.1-25
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• 1997

The consumers, who are characterized by gathering a wide scope of information and by putting into action immediately, have come to the new group searching for emotion and have played a leading role of market. The characgeristics of consumers are the fact that they have followed the street fashion with no-concept, independent of the trends which the brand has provide for consumers. Therefore it leads to a big gap between the fashion information for enterprises and market formation for consumer class. The principal purpose of this paper is to get closer the distance between the information which is used in merchandise plan and real market for consumers, and to suggest the new direction of information management system in order to enhance the hit rate of merchandise plan. The results are as follows : (1) It is shown the enterprises should divide the information data between fashion information and market information, and understand the mutual relationship of them, and regard the statistical data related on the change of sensitivity and desire in market specialized in attributes of street fashion as the emotional expression\`s view, and manage them by the feedback style. (2) It is shown that enterprises should fully understand the fashion factors in the line of fashion stream with the independence of theme in order to plan the merchandise effectively for market which are specialized in the duality that it has both conservation and innovation at the same time, and detect their change. (3) It is shown that in order to predict exactly, enterprises should reflect the statistical data and the emotional factors in planning the merchandise, bring up the systematic organization, expert system. (4) It is also shown that enterprises should make an effort to pursuit the discriminated brand through the feedback management in which the consumer\`s lasting desires are reflected.