• Journal of Convergence Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

Objectives: Smoking had a long negative impact on public health. The ingredients of a cigarette are major risk factors for several diseases. Owing to the problems about economic and quality of life, we need to ensure smoking cessation (SC). There are several approaches for SC including pharmacological therapy, nicotine replacement therapy, education, and behavioral intervention. However, due to some limitations, other alternative approaches are gaining popularity. Acupuncture has been reported to have few side effects and be more effective than some conventional treatments in several articles. However, there are no systematic reviews on the comparison of acupuncture combination treatment with other conventional monotherapies. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that used acupuncture as an adjunct treatment for SC will be searched and data will be summarized according to the predefined criteria. The primary outcome will be the abstinence rate, and secondary outcomes will be adverse events and biochemical indicators. We will use Review Manager to perform a meta-analysis, Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool for the risk of bias assessment, and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to determine the quality of evidence. We will investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combination treatment for SC with this study. Ethics and dissemination: This study will provide reliable clinical evidence on additional effect of acupuncture on smoking cessation. We will publish our results in a peer-review journal.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.107-115
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• 2019

The roots of modern popular music have evolved from blues and jazz music. But now, due to various multimedia developments and the expansion of the online industry, these traditional music is gradually being shunned by the public. When measuring a nation's cultural scale, it does not value only a few genres of popular music. In many advanced countries, music, which has basic artistic value, is trying to support and grow more base expansion in government and businesses, and to meet the needs of consumers. At this time, local jazz and jazz clubs are gradually losing ground, out of dance, rock and ballad music. Everyone should recognize that it is not just a genre of music that is alienated from the trend of the times, but an important part of cultural art that we should develop and nurture systematically. And it should be handled by more media and recognized by the public. Although it is a small market, this paper analyzes the development of jazz music in Korea and various factors that jazz clubs can establish as part of the music industry through analysis of Korean jazz clubs. The artistry and popularity of jazz music, the development of music education programs, the revitalization of government-led performances and the operation of concert halls differentiated from those of broadcasting media will eventually lead to the development of jazz clubs due to the rise of many jazz music lovers. It is also hoped that through the direction of development, we will be able to succeed as a major part of pop culture.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.573-590
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• 2011

This study analyzes the major factors affecting domestic middle-aged and elderly households' strength in consumption using the first and second wave of Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). First, household income and household liquid assets which are the strength in household consumption was analyzed and as a result, among various explaining variables, aged and elderly households with the higher education level and more household members, those in self-owned residence and in a state of labor and those which are the beneficiaries of special occupational pension scheme show relatively the same high level of strength in consumption. Then, the determining factor of household consumption was assumed based on the second wave of data and as a result, those with more yearly household disposable income and household liquid assets, those living in metropolitan cities with self-owned homes, those engaged in labor practice or which are the beneficiaries of special occupational pension scheme are more likely to have a relatively bigger contributory factor in increasing household consumption. By contrast, household's consumption decrease in the case of those with higher age, those who are the beneficiaries of national pension or those who are male.

• 한국노년학
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.387-407
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• 2014

This study aims to identify the multiple trajectories of depressive symptoms and the characteristics of each trajectory group among the elderly. This study uses five waves of longitudinal data from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KWPS, 2006-2010). Subjects were older adults aged 60 and over who had completed at least three waves between 2006 and 2010. A total of 4,181 respondents were analyzed. The latent growth mixture model and the multiple logistic regression model were mainly used for data analysis. The major findings were as follows: After controlling for the variables of gender, age, education, marital status, self-assessed health, and poverty, this study identified four different trajectory classes: stable low depressive symptoms (71.8%), high but decreased depressive symptoms (10.6%), moderate but increased depressive symptoms (7.9%), and an increased, then a decreased pattern of depressive symptoms (9.7%). The characteristics of theses trajectories as compared to previous studies were a lower percentage of 'stable low depressive symptoms', no 'persistently high depressive symptoms', and higher level of depressive symptoms. Also, the elderly in the stable low trajectory group had better health status, higher self-esteem and a good relationship with family members, having longer working periods, and more living in non-poverty. In addition, chronic health problems, loss of spouse, and household income differentiated the increased and then decreased pattern from the low stable pattern. Also, age and public pension differentiated the moderated but increased pattern from the low stable pattern. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers suggested political and practical implications for reducing depressive symptoms in later life.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.631-647
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of climacteric women's attitude to developmental phenomena and their menopausal symptoms on their meaning of life in an attempt to provide some information on the improvement of climacteric women's quality of life. The subjects in this study were 313 women who resided in different regions involving a large city D and another city C. They were aged between 40 and 60 and were going through their menopause. They were aged between 40 and 60 and were going through their menopause. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling, which was one of nonprobability sampling methods. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the climacteric women didn't take a positive attitude toward developmental phenomena. They occasionally suffered severe menopausal symptoms, and they didn't find a great meaning in their life. Second, the climacteric women found a more meaning in their life when they took a more positive attitude to developmental phenomena, and those who underwent severer menopausal symptoms found a less meaning in their life. Third, the climacteric women's meaning of life was under the influence of their attitude toward developmental phenomena and menopausal symptoms. Specifically, their attitude to menopause and mental symptoms had a large impact on that. Given the findings of the study, social welfare intervention should be provided for climacteric women to promote their physical health related to menopausal symptoms and psychological health related to attitude toward developmental phenomena to find a more meaning in their life. Besides, local welfare centers should be open to climacteric women as one of governmental policies so that they could lead a healthy life. Education should be provided for them to be ready for their own menopause, and social welfare counseling service should be offered from diverse angles

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.291-307
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• 2009

This study investigated the family network of elderly and its effects on the subjective life satisfaction in Rural Area. In order to classify the family network, the authors used the analysis technique of social network including to a spouse, children and grandchildren. In addition, the authors described basic characteristics of family network on the family type, interaction frequency, and interaction content. And then family network typified four types by K-means cluster analysis method according to characteristics of family network and examined difference on life satisfaction of the elderly persons according to the type of family network. The major results were as following. First, the elderly did contact his/her children often, emotional support revealed that highest support expectation of elderly. Second, The family network of elderly could be typified four types ; 'relation estranged type', 'children-grandchildren centered type', 'family dependent type', 'couples centered type' and statistically significant difference showed in life satisfaction according to each type. The result, in the 'couples centered type', the life satisfaction was highest; on the contrary, 'relation estranged type', it was lowest. Third, Influencing factors on life satisfaction of the old person were economic conditions, physical conditions, education level, sex, more frequent contacts with grandchild, emotional support expectation of spouses. The results of this study suggest that social welfare political and institutional efforts are needed to improve the relationship between older persons and their children, grandchildren and spouses and life satisfaction of the elderly.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.215-230
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• 2009

In this study, we compared Korean retirees' retirement wealth adequacy with their subjective recognition and examined determinants affecting the retirement wealth adequacy. The data were drawn from the 2007 Korean Retiree Survey carried out by the Korean Investors Education Foundation. The major results of this study were as follows. The analysis suggested that Korean retirees(age 50 and over) were not well prepared financially. When using their assets(except for their residence), only 23.2% had accumulated enough wealth to meet their expenses for the remainder of their life. 25.7% of retirees subjectively considered themselves to be adequately covered. The comparison results showed that 23.8% of retirees' subjective recognition was not in accord with the estimation results. One of the most troubling groups is the 12.9% of retirees who were in the inadequacy group even though they considered themselves to be in the adequacy group. Retirement wealth adequacy determinants were quite different between objective adequacy and subjective recognition. Household income and ownership of a residence have positive effects on the retirement wealth adequacy. Also, the importance of retirement planning to retirement wealth adequacy is statistically confirmed. Based on these findings, This research suggests private retirement planning and political implications for retirees and preretired households.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.425-440
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to understand the ability of the elderly to activity of daily living, assess their quality of sleep and level of depression at home and analyze how such relate health related quality of life. The subject was 223 senior over 65 years old who lived in B Metropolitan City. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were performed using SPSS WIN 14.0. The major findings of this study are as follow: 1) 34.1% of the respondents experienced a degree of sleep disorder and 57.8% were vulnerable to depression. 2) Activity of daily living, quality of sleep and depression were related to health related quality of life to a statistically significant degree. quality of sleep, activity of daily living positively related to health related quality of life. level of depression related to health related quality of life. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed the most powerful predictor of health related quality of life was depression. While age, level of education and quality of sleep were also found as significant predictor variables. Based on these results, it is necessary to perform more studies on health related quality of life and related factors according to that in various settings. Especially, to develop a program intended to improve the health related quality of life of the elderly at home, we need to consider not only physical factors but also psychological factors.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.589-612
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• 2019

Korea has undergone rapid modernization and globalization process in the last few decades. The purpose of this study is to explore how shifting traditional values are impacting Korean elderlies and their perceptions of aging experience. In order to understand how changing social and cultural practices are affecting older adults, the similarities and differences among Korean elderlies living in three different geographical locations are examined in a multidimensional comparative framework. Life story interviews were conducted with 30 Korean elderlies (10 urban residents in Korea, 10 rural residents in Korea, and 10 residents in the US). Paying attention to within-group variation, this study particularly focused on analyzing the psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual experiences that made lives meaningful and resilient in old age in spite of physical decline. Based on analysis of narrative, the following major areas were identified as having positive or negative influence on aging experiences: physical health, emotional health, family relationship, work, leisure/social activity, and spirituality. Common themes of aging well across all settings included: "life not indebted to their offspring," "physical and mental health," and "dying well." Spirituality played a critical role in cultivating perspectives on life and accepting aging process, which were rooted in specific religious traditions participants identified (e.g., Christianity or Buddhism). Interesting differences in the meaning of work and leisure were also found between elderlies residing in Korea and the US immigrant context. One unique factor continuing to negatively affect Korean elderly in rural community was related to shame of not obtaining higher education. Implications for future research are also addressed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

Environmental concern has been an important issue for a few decades, and the extent of consumer demand for eco-friendly consumption has been increased. This study seeks to investigate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-friendly cosmetics. This study evaluates how much more a consumer is willing to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics and examines significant factors influencing consumers' WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Consumers' WTP is measured using four different ecofriendly cosmetics: low-priced skin care cosmetics, low-priced makeup cosmetics, high-priced skin care cosmetics, and high-priced makeup cosmetics. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate consumer's WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Survey questions were designed using both dichotomous choice and payment card method of CVM. Through face to face interviews and on-line surveys, the data were collected from women between 20 and 49 years old residing in Seoul and Kyeonggi area, Korea, in May 2010. A total of 226 questionnaires (132 from interviews and 94 from on-line) were included for the analytical sample in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, T-test and Log-Logit analysis. The findings are as follows: First, the WTP measured by dichotomous choice method was estimated using the Log-Logit analysis. The results showed that the estimated WTP for low-priced skin care cosmetics was 19,152 won, which was 27.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won. For low-priced makeup cosmetics, the estimated WTP was 18,524 won, and its green premium was 21.0%. The estimated WTP for high-priced skin care cosmetics was 59,128 won, which was 18.3% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics was 57,666 won, and its green premium was 15.3%. Second, the WTP measure by payment card method was estimated using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the respondents were willing to pay 17,955 won for low-priced skin care cosmetics, which was 19.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won and 17,595 won for low-priced makeup cosmetics, which was 17.3% higher than the reference price. For high-priced skin care cosmetics, the average WTP was 56,950 won which was 13.9% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics, the average WTP was 55,650 won, which was 11.3% higher than the reference price. Overall, the WTP was higher in order of low-priced skin care, low-priced makeup, high-priced skin care, and high-priced makeup. It means that consumers decide degree of premium based on the price and the attributes of eco-friendly products. Third, the findings showed that age, monthly income, and having children or not were statistically significant factors that influenced consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics. Other explanatory variables such as education, marital status, job, purchase experience of eco-friendly products, and environmental concerns did not show any statistical significance. The major contribution of this study is the investigation of the value of green attributes of the products by using CVM. Unlike most previous researches, this research used two methods of CVM, the dichotomous choice and the payment card, so it enhanced the reliability of research. According to this study, consumers showed price sensitivity when they pay green premium. These findings can be used as useful information to establish marketing strategies for green cosmetics.