• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.365-371
• /
• 2016

In the case of the superstructure which is consist of two I girders and slab, the section can behave as II section, so that the neutral axis with respect to out of plane direction flexure can be regarded as major axis. Therefore in-plane flexural mode might govern the free vibration mode. Meanwhile, horizontally curved girders always experience not only bending moments but also torsional moments although the primary load is usually supposed to be gravitational load. The interaction due to bending and torsional moments make the behavior complicated and torsional mode may govern the free vibration mode. In other words, structure can have different dynamic characteristic due to its initial curvature. In this research, using 3-dimensional sell elements, free-vibration analyses are carried out due to initial curvature. The analysis models are assumed to be composite and non-composite and finally natural frequency and eigen mode are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study analyzed the general features, psychiatric histories, past suicidal attempts and psychiatric diagnoses of suicide victims admitted via the emergency department (ED). Methods: Reviewing the charts of 138 inpatients of suicide attempts admitted via the ED from January 2002 to December 2003, we analyzed various data, including sex, age, season, stressful events, psychiatric histories, previous suicidal attempts, and psychiatric diagnoses during admission, and we used a chi-square test to chart the statistical data. Results: A significant difference was found between 1 st attempts and repeated attempts as to the mechanical methods used for the suicide attempts, There was a significant difference in the kinds of drugs between patients with and without psychiatric histories. In the psychiatric diagnosis, there was a significant difference in AXIS I between patients with and without psychiatric histories. In AXIS II, there was a significant difference between patients with and without psychiatric histories, 1st attempts and repeated attempts. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of psychiatric consults, treatments, and follow-ups for suicide victims and the emergency physicians' function in helping them to contact psychiatric doctors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.114-123
• /
• 2018

Wind power tower (WPT) has been used to augment the performance of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT). However, the performance of the WPT depends on several design parameters, such as inner and outer radius, or number of guide walls. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate efficient design parameters on the WPT. A wind tunnel was utilized and its test section dimension was 2m height and 2.2m width. One story model of the WPT was manufactured with seven guide walls and a VAWT was installed within the WPT. Three different sizes of guide walls were applied to test with various design parameters. The power coefficients were measured along the azimuthal direction in a state of equal inlet velocity in order to compare its performance relatively. The experimental results showed that the gap between the inner radius of the WPT and the rotating radius of the VAWT was a major parameter to improve the performance of VAWT within the WPT.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2017

The treatment of rotor wake has been a critical issue in the field of the rotor aerodynamics. This paper presents a new free wake model for the unsteady analysis for a wind turbine. A blade-wake-tower interaction is major source of unsteady aerodynamic loading and noise on the wind turbine. However, this interaction can not be considered in conventional free wake model. Thus, the free wake model named Finite Vortex Element (FVE hereafter) was devised in order to consider the interaction effects. In this new free wake model, the wake-tower interaction was described by dividing one vortex filament into two vortex filaments, when the vortex filament collided with a tower. Each divided vortex filaments were remodeled to make vortex ring and horseshoe vortex to satisfy Kelvin's circulation theorem and Helmholtz's vortex theorem. This model was then used to predict aerodynamic load and wake geometry for the horizontal axis wind turbine. The results of the FVE model were compared with those of the conventional free wake model and the experimental results of SNU wind tunnel test and NREL wind tunnel test under various inflow velocity and yaw condition. The result of the FVE model showed better correlation with experimental data. It was certain that the tower interaction has a strong effect on the unsteady aerodynamic load of blades. Thus, the tower interaction needs to be taken into account for the unsteady load prediction. As a result, this research shows a potential of the FVE for an efficient and versatile numerical tool for unsteady loading analysis of a wind turbine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1391-1396
• /
• 2014

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and the most common cause of lung cancer death. Currently, the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor gefitinib is used for its treatment; however, drug resistance is a major obstacle. Expression of Met has been associated with both primary and acquired resistance to gefitinib, but the mechanisms regulating its expression are not fully understood. Recently, miRNAs such as miR-130a have been shown to play a role in gefitinib resistance, but importance in NSCLC and relationships with Met have not been fully explored. Here we show that miR-130a is over-expressed in gefitinibsensitive NSCLC cell lines, but is low in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines. Moreover, miR-130a expression was negatively correlated with that of Met. Further analysis revealed that over-expression of miR-130a increased cell apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of NSCLC cells treated with gefitinib, whereas lowering the expression of miR-130a decreased cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation after treatment with gefitinib in both gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cell lines, suggesting that miR-130a overcomes gefitinib resistance. We also demonstrated that miR-130a binds to the 3'-UTR of Met and significantly suppresses its expression. Finally, our results showed that over-expressing Met could "rescue" the functions of miR-130a regarding cell apoptosis and proliferation after cells are treated with gefitinib. These findings indicate that the miR-130a/Met axis plays an important role in gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. Thus, the miR-130a/Met axis may be an effective therapeutic target in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 1989

Mung bean starch gel (Mook) and gel made from starch of cowpea are similar properties in texture. In order to elucidate the similarity between these two starch gels, some physicochemical properties of cowpea starch were compared with those of mung bean starch. Water bildings capacity of cowpea starch (183.6%) was a little low than that of mung bean starch (184.2%). The solobility, swelling power and optical transmitance of the cowpea starch showed a smiliar pattern to mung bean starch, but cowpea starch had a little lower solubility than mung bean starch. Amylogram of mung bean strach (4, 5, 6, 7%) shoved no peak viscosity but cowpea starch (4, 5, 6%) showed peak viscosity and both starches showed high viscosities when cooling. Cowpea and mung bean starches had the blue value of 0.41 and 0.47, the alkali number of 8.4 and 8.0, the amylose content of 30.5 and 32.1%, the molecular weight of amylose of 30,000 adn 29,258 and glucose unit per segment of amylopectin of 27.6 and 26.8 respectively. The shape of cowpea and mung bean strach granules were round and elliptical, and the mean vlalue of major axis, minor axis and the ratio of these were 20.7 and 21.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 14.6 and 14.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1.42 and 1.51, respectively. The extent of retrogradation determined by the glucoamylase digestion method and syneresis showed that cowpea starch gel was larger than that syneresis showed than cowpea starch gel was larger than that of mung bean starch gel. The redults of X-ray diffraction studies showed A pattern for two starches, Diffraction peak of gels disappeared with gelatinization of starches but that of two starch gels storaged for 2 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ showed a similar patterm.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 1992

The morphological properties of acorn starch granules and starch gels were examined with scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The shape of acorn starch granule was rounded triangular and some elliptical. The size distribution of starch granule was also analyzed. The mean value of minor axis, major axis and the ratio of those were 4.785 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 7.30 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and 0.68, respectively. The surface micro-structure of acorn starch gels were investigated by SEM. Acorn crude and refined starch gel were very different in surface micro-structure. X-ray diffraction pattern of acorn starch was C-type, and the pattern of acorn starch gels were extremely different because of disintegration of starch granules by gelatinization. The diffraction intensity of acorn refined starch gel was slightly higher than crude starch gel.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2002

Recent evidence has suggested that trunk neural crest cell generally assumed to have equivalent differentiation potentials, demonstrate differentiation bias along the anterior/posterior axis. In amphibian and fish, neural crest cells give rise to three chromatophore types, melanophores, xantho-phores, and iridophores. Each pigment cell type has distinct characteristics but there is speculation about the cellular plasticity that exists among them. Neural crest cells migrate along specific routes, ventromedially and dorsolaterally. Neural crest cells that travel dorsolaterally are the first cells to begin migration in the axolotl and are the major contributors to the visible pigment pattern. Many factors and mechanisms that are responsible for guiding migratory neural crest cells along potential pathways or determining their fate remain unknown. A single lineage of the crest, which becomes restricted to one of the three pigment cell types, gives us the opportunity to examine the existence of neural crest stem cell populations and cellular plasticity. Study presented here showed results from recent in vitro studies designed to identify parameters influencing differentiation events of individual neural crest-derived pigment cell lineages. Melanophore production from neural crest explants originating from different levels along the anterior/posterior axis of wild type-axolotl embryos were compared and demonstrate that the differentiation of melanophores is enhanced in subpopulation of neural crest treated with forskolin. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator) increases intracellular CAMP concentration and eventually activates the protein kinase-A signaling pathway. Melanophore number, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in explants taken from the anterior-most region of the crest increased significantly in response to forskolin treatment. This study suggests implications of region specific influences and developmental regulation in the development of pigment pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.46-59
• /
• 1998

This paper presents shape design, surface construction, and cutting path generation for the surface of marine ship propeller blades. A propeller blade should be designed to satisfy performance constraints that include operational speed which impacts rotations per minutes, stresses related to deliverable horst power, and the major length of the marine ship which impacts the blade size and shape characteristics. Primary decision variables that affect efficiency in the design of a marine ship propeller blade are the blade diameter and the expanded area ratio. The blade design resulting from these performance constraints typically consists of sculptured surfaces requiring four or five axis contoured machining. In this approach a standard blade geometry description consisting of blade sections with offset nominal points recorded in an offset table is used. From this table the composite Bezier surface geometry of the blade is created. The control vertices of the Hazier surface patches are determined using a chord length fitting procedure from tile offset table data. Cutter contact points and path intervals are calculated to minimize travel distance and production time while maintaining a cusp height within tolerance limits. Long path intervals typically generate short tool paths at the expense of increased however cusp height. Likewise, a minimal tool path results in a shorter production time. Cutting errors including gouging and under-cut, which are common errors in machining sculptured surfaces, are also identified for both convex and concave surfaces. Propeller blade geometry is conducive to gouging. The result is a minimal error free cutting path for machining propeller blades for marine ships.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.115.1-115.1
• /
• 2011

We analyzed the line profiles of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 7009 secured with the Keck I HIES and BOES's spectral data. The 5 positions were taken over the nebular image, 4 points on the bright rim plus 1 point at the central position. The covered spectral wavelength range was $3250{\AA}-8725{\AA}$ in these observations. We decomposed the lines of HI, HeI, HeII, CII, NIII, [ClIII], [NII], [OII], [OIII], [SII], [SIII], [ClIII], and [ArIII] using the IRAF and StarLink/Dipso. After correcting the Earth's movement and the PN's radial velocities, -48.6 & -48.9 km/s, respectively, for the Keck & BOES, we produced the line profiles in a velocity scale. The zero velocity at each line profile clearly indicates which part of the components is approaching or receding, giving a general information of the kinematical structure. Almost all of the low-to-medium excitation lines, such as [NII], [SII], [O III], and [ArIII], secured at the central position and four positions along the major & minor axes, showed 3 components, double peak + a wide wing component, suggesting the fast outflow structures are present. The overall geometry is a prolate shell which also has a fainter outer shell in the halo zone, but there appears to be some peculiar sub-structures inside the main shell. The high excitation He I, HeII, NIII lines which might be formed close to the inner boundary of the shell show unusual features, completely different from the other lines. The HeII and these high excitation lines may be indicative of a relative recent fast outflow from the central star and the permitted lines such as NIII might be affected by the innermost structure. We discuss a possible presence of a jet-like fast outflow structure in an out-flow axis different from the main axis of the spheroid shell.