• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.145-148
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• 2008

본 시험은 기존의 급수기에 수질개선을 위하여 자화수 발생장치를 장착 시 수질향상 효과가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 시험한 결과, 기존 급수기에 자화수 발생장치를 추가하여 기존 급수기의 수질과 비교한 결과, 총 박테리아수가 크게 감소하였으며, 철 성분도 검출되지 않아 일부 항목에서 수질개선 효과가 있었다. 결론적으로 기존의 급수기에 자화수 발생장치를 추가 장착할 경우 수질개선 효과가 있을 것으로 생각되었으며, 수질개선에 따른 생산성 증가 효과는 추후 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

자화수가 특이한 물리화학적 성질을 갖고 있음은 여러 학자들에 의하여 꾸준히 연구되어 왔는데, 아직도 자화수의 특성이 명확하게 설명되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 자화수가 염류들의 침전반응 및 석고의 가수 경화반응에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 관찰하였다. $25^{\circ}C$ 항온조 내부에서 실시한 salt filter assay 방법으로 침전반응을 조사하였으며, $20^{\circ}C$ 실온에서 석고의 가수 경화반응 시간을 Gillmore needle의 방법으로 측정함으로써 석고의 가수 경화 속도를 조사하였다. 0.1M 염 이온들을 반응시킨 염류의 침전 반응 결과, $BaSO_4,\;BaCO_3,\;CaCO_3$의 침전 생성물의 양은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 각각 약 3.6%, 3.8%, 4.4% 씩 증가되었으며, 석고의 최종 경화시간은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 현저하게 감소되었으므로 자화수가 석고의 가수 경화속도를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수는 물분자가 치밀하게 구조화되어서 수많은 cluster들을 형성함으로서 물분자 사이의 결합 및 반응력이 증가되며, $Ba^{2+}$ 또는 $Ca^{2+}$ 같은 염류들에 대하여 특징적으로 반응해 침전반응 속도와 가수 경화 반응 속도가 증가된 것으로 추측된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.570-577
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• 2010

Water gets magnetically charged when it is contacted with a magnet. Although magnetic water products have been promoted since the 1930's, they have received very little recognition due to questionable effectiveness. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a widely occurring nitrosamine that is one of the most important environmental carcinogens primarily inducing tumors of liver. In this study, the effect of magnetized water supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage in ICR mice treated with DEN was evaluated using the Comet assay. Mice were divided into 3 groups: control, DEN, and DEN + magnetized water group. Fifteen mice were maintained in each group for the entire experimental period of 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, and 18th weeks, followed by the Comet assay using the blood obtained from heart puncture of the mice. The level of lymphocyte DNA damage reflected by tail moment and other DNA damage indices of tail DNA (%) or tail length of the magnetized water group were significantly decreased after the 6th, 12th and 18th weeks of supplementation compared with the positive control, the DEN group. The relative DNA damage of the magnetized water groups compared to the DEN control group after 6th, 12th, and 18th weeks of supplementation were 42.2%, 40.8%, and 32.9% for DNA in tail, 31.2%, 32.6%, and 21.3% for tail length, and 33.8%, 33.8%, and 24.6% for tail moment, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating that magnetized water may be involved in the lowering effect of the DNA damage in DEN-treated ICR mice. This result suggests that the magnetized water might have minimized the DNA damage by improving the antioxidant status of the mice. However, further studies are needed to characterize the condition of the magnetization and examine the long-term effect of the water product.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.116-120
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• 2001

자화수의 물리화학적인 특성을 알아보기 위하여, 전해질의 용해 성질과 결정형성 양상을 관찰하고 석고의 수화반응을 조사하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 본 결과, 자화수는 일반 증류수에 비하여 NaCl 및 KCI 각각 영향을 주어, 이들 염류들의 용해속도와 결정화에 변화를 나타내었다. 또한 자화수는 일반 증류수에 비하여 석고의 수화반응을 촉진시키는 결과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 자화수의 물분자 배열이 NaCl 및 KCI과 상호 반응하여 NaCl인 경우에는 초기 용해속도를 감소키기고 결정화를 억제시키는 효과를 보였다. 그리고 석고의 경화에서는 자화수가 석고의 결정화를 증가시켰으며, 보다 치밀한 구조의 석고 결정화를 만들었다. 이러한 결과들은 모두, 일반 증류스에 비하여 자화수가 독특한 물분자 cluster 배열을 하고 있기 때문에, 각각의 염류 또한 석고와의 수화반응에 차이를 보인다고 생각된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

자화수는 물분자의 수소결합에 의한 배열이 특이한 구조를 갖게 됨에 따라 다양한 물리 화학적 성질을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 자화수가 계면활성제의 임계미셀농도 (critical micelle concentrations, CMC) 변화에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 관찰하였다. $25\;{^{\circ}C}$에서 전도도계(conductivity meter)를 이용하여 음이온 계면활성제인 SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)와 양이온 계면활성제인 CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)의 CMC를 측정하였고, 표면장력계를 사용하여 SDS와 CTAB 그리고, 비이온 계면활성제인 Pluronic F-68의 CMC를 측정하였다. 또한 Isothermal titration calorimeter (ITC)를 이용하여 $25\;{^{\circ}C}$에서 SDS의 열량변화를 측정하여 CMC의 변화율을 측 정하였다. 결과적으로, 자화수에서 계면활성제의 CMC는 증류수에 비해 현저하게 낮아지는 경 향을 보였는데, SDS는 자화수에서 약 $2.7{\sim}6.5$% 정도 낮아짐을 보였고, CTAB는 자화수에서 약 $2.3{\sim}3.0$% 정도 낮아짐을 보였으며, Pluronic F-68은 자화수에서 약 24.2% 정도 낮아짐을 보였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Objectives : Manufacturing and manipulation techniques of acupuncture can be interpreted as an induced electromagnetic viewpoint, as proposed in previous study. Considering from this point of view, the magnetization of needles should be essential to enhance the electromagnetic effects during the behavior of the acupuncture needling. Methods : The current disposable needles are made of non-magnetic stainless steels, so ferromagnetic materials were searched as suitable substitutes. Meanwhile, at the practical view, stainless steels are very available for the several superior properties like as corrosion resistance, strength, etc., magnetic stainless steels were first investigated. Some types of them still preserved the ferromagnetic properties of iron, so trial needles were made with them. And then magnetization of them were followed. Results : Among the hundreds types of stainless steels, martensitic or ferritic ones are ferromagnetic. The needles made with these ferromagnetic wires were magnetized, and polarized by magnetizer, and their magnetic properties were improved. Moreover, in addition to the superiority of the magnetism, the electrical and thermal conductivities of them were even better than those of the current austenitic stainless steels. Conclusions : Through the developmental study based on the electromagnetic viewpoint, the magnetized and polarized acupuncture needles were completed. This means that these needles having improved magnetism can be used to improve the electromagnetic needling effects, and moreover, their superiorities in the electrical and thermal conductivities can also give another benefits in treatments of electrical or warm needling.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Artificial insemination technique has been contributed immensely for production of livestock worldwide as a critical assisted reproductive technique to preserve and propagate excellent genes in domestic animal industry. In the past decade, methods for semen preservation have been improved mostly in liquid preservation method for boar semen and freezing method for bull semen. Among many factors affecting semen quality during preservation, reactive oxygen species, produced by aerobic respiration in sperm for survival and motility, are unfavorable to sperm physiology. In mammalian cell as well as in the sperm, antioxidant system plays a role in degradation of reactive oxygen species. Magnetized water forms smaller stabilizing water clusters, resulting in high absorption and permeability of the cell for water, implicating its application for semen preservation. Therefore, this review focuses on preservation methods of boar and bull semen with respect to improvement of extender and reduction of reactive oxygen species by using magnetized water and supplementation of antioxidants.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2004

We discuss diffusion of particles in turbulent flows. In hydrodynamic turbulence, it is well known that distance between two particles imbedded in a turbulent flow exhibits a random walk behavior. The corresponding diffusion coefficient is ${\~}$ ${\upsilon}_{inj}{\iota}_{turb}$, where ${\upsilon}_{inj}$ is the amplitude of the turbulent velocity and ${\iota}_{turb}$ is the scale of the turbulent motions. It Is not clear whether or not we can use a similar expression for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. However, numerical simulations show that mixing motions perpendicular to the local magnetic field are, up to high degree, hydrodynamical. This suggests that turbulent heat transport in magnetized turbulent fluid should be similar to that in non-magnetized one, which should have a diffusion coefficient ${\upsilon}_{inj}{\iota}_{turb}$. We review numerical simulations that support this conclusion. The application of this idea to thermal conductivity in clusters of galaxies shows that this mechanism may dominate the diffusion of heat and may be efficient enough to prevent cooling flow formation when turbulence is vigorous.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.506-513
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• 2007

This paper proposes a rotary magnetic position sensor which has a sinusoidally magnetized permanent magnet with a small number of poles. To make the sinusoidal magnetic flux density distribution from the permanent magnet, a magnetizing future is optimized by the DOE(Design of Experiments) method. The magnetization process is analyzed using the Preisach model and 2 dimensional finite element method. The magnetic flux density distribution from the magnetized permanent magnet is very similar to ideal sine wave. The simulation result of the magnetic flux density distribution is compared with the experimental one. Also the availability of the proposed rotary type magnetic position sensor is confirmed by position calculation technique.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2018

This paper investigated the effect of unevenly magnetized magnets to the cogging torque. First, through qualitative analysis of cogging torque, the generation of slot harmonic component is explained. Second, it is found that the slot harmonic can be suppressed by locating the magnets under specific condition even if the magnets are irregularly magnetized respect to each other. Finally, it is verified with the experimental result.