• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.379-385
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum planting density in low fertilizing cultivation of machine transplanting in rice field of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS for $2004{\sim}2005$. Sobibyeo which belongs to medium maturing variety and Nampyeongbyeo which belongs to medium-late maturing variety were transplanted on May 30. In this experiment, there was no significant difference in heading date between planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate, and heading dates were August 8 in Sobibyeo, and August 14 in Nampyeongbyeo respectively. In relation to lodging character, lodging Index was high where the nitrogen fertilization rate and planting density were high. As planting density increases, panicle number per $m^{2}$ increased irrespective of nitrogen fertilization rate. When nitrogen was 6 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 90 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 80 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. When nitrogen was 9 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 100 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 110 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. Head rice rate of brown rice was higher when planting density increased, and was higher at 6 kg/10a nitrogen rate than 9 kg/10a nitrogen rate in all varieties.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2024

Cloud coverage is a key factor in determining whether to proceed with observations. In the past, human judgment played an important role in weather evaluation for observations. However, the development of remote and robotic observation has diminished the role of human judgment. Moreover, it is not easy to evaluate weather conditions automatically because of the diverse cloud shapes and their rapid movement. In this paper, we present the development of a cloud monitoring program by applying a machine learning-based Python module "cloudynight" on all-sky camera images obtained at Miryang Arirang Astronomical Observatory (MAAO). The machine learning model was built by training 39,996 subregions divided from 1,212 images with altitude/azimuth angles and extracting 16 feature spaces. For our training model, the F1-score from the validation samples was 0.97, indicating good performance in identifying clouds in the all-sky image. As a result, this program calculates "Cloudiness" as the ratio of the number of total subregions to the number of subregions predicted to be covered by clouds. In the robotic observation, we set a policy that allows the telescope system to halt the observation when the "Cloudiness" exceeds 0.6 during the last 30 minutes. Following this policy, we found that there were no improper halts in the telescope system due to incorrect program decisions. We expect that robotic observation with the 0.7 m telescope at MAAO can be successfully operated using the cloud monitoring program.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.425-431
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• 2014

Most fields in highland areas are covered with rye or hairy vetch for conservation during a fallow. However, using cover crops needs an effort to sow, and this makes top soil more vulnerable to loss due to surface disturbances. The aims of this study were to develop an automatic seeding-regulator device using a low-price, extensive-use GPS sensors and a DC motors and to evaluate a working efficiency of it after adaptation to partial tillage machine for reducing seeding effort. The amount of runoff water and soil loss was evaluated with partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding after harvesting soybean, in 17% slope lysimeters. In results, the seeding amount with the machine speed was stable between $0.5{\sim}0.8m\;s^{-1}$ of working sections. The automatic control device of seeding-rate could be enough to solve the slip problems of power selecting supply system or five four-wheel drive device. In partial tillage and simultaneous seeding, runoff water was 11.6% ($1.8m^3ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($15.5m^3ha^{-1}$) and soil loss was 13.2% ($7kg\;ha^{-1}$) of the scatter-seeding control ($53kg\;ha^{-1}$). These results suggest that partial tillage and simultaneous-seeding methods are very effective in decreasing work effort and soil loss of sloped land.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2011

This research quantified(/m²) the supplied materials at the construction stage of apartments, the main architecture form domestically, and presented the average CO₂ emission by analyzing 50 apartment complexes. The results are as follows. CO₂ emission of each type of constructions by supplied materials is architecture (78.8%), machine (8.8%), electricity (5.3%), civil engineering (3.4%), landscaping (3.4%), and communication (1.0%). The building construction charged about 79%. Average CO₂ emission of total 50 apartment complexes according to supplied material expense appeared to be 950 kg-CO₂/m², and when core-type pillar was included CO₂ emission largely increased.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.293-296
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain physical characteristics of paper board and to measure bulge of 1,000 mL carton pak by different storage conditions. Water holding capacity of paper boards were mean of 5.6～7.0％, stiffness of machine direction(MD) was 243.3～266.7 g/cm and cross direction(CD) was 99.2～109.2 g/cm, respectively. The weight of 1,000 mL carton pak were in the range of 29.17～31.26 g. The bulge of carton paks were 6.33～6.93 mm after 7 days at 6$^{\circ}C$ storage, 7.26～8.56 mm after 7 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ and was 8.66 mm after 7 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ treated with 1 hour heat shock per day, respectively. According to this result, the bulge length of 1,000 mL carton pak was showed increased pattern upon increasing the storage temperature and the order was 6$^{\circ}C$ < l0$^{\circ}C$ < 10$^{\circ}C$＋ heat shock. To prevent bulge occurence, it was thought to control storage temperature and humidity of paper board or carton pak and to minimize their shock on cold chain system after filling process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.525-532
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• 2017

The development of an inkjet-based manufacturing machine for the production of next-generation displays using organic and quantum-dot light emitting diodes at a low cost has been conducted. To employ inkjet printing in production lines of displays, the development of a high-speed inkjet-monitoring device to verify the reliable droplet jetting status from multiple nozzles is required. In this study, an inkjet monitoring device using a rotatable mirror with rotary and linear ultrasonic motors is developed in place of a conventional, linear reciprocating, motion-based inkjet monitoring device. Its performance is also demonstrated. The measurements of circular patterns with diameters of $10{\mu}m$, $30{\mu}m$, and $50{\mu}m$ are performed with the accuracies of $0.5{\pm}1.0{\mu}m$, $-1.2{\pm}0.3{\mu}m$, and $0.2{\pm}0.5{\mu}m$, respectively, within 17 sec. By optimizing the control program, the takt time can be reduced to as short as 8.6 sec.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.308-312
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• 1989

We developed a model of NC controller with IBM-PC as a host cpu and integlligent NC servo controller for 2 axes that can be expaned to 4 axes. Basic conceptions, including hardware structure design, servo controller design, communication protocol, and interpolation hardware design was already publicated on '87 KIEE conference. Following this, we focussed on the emulation of tyhe controller with X-Y table as complete NC machine experimenting some drawings made by NC code program that can be edited and executed in automatic on single step mode. In addition we designed the M.S.T functions with PLC and tested for M-function timing. Finally, we designed NC interface to fit with M-function output and we contructed total system of NC controller with IBM PC host with the result of successful development of new NC model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.759-762
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• 2000

In order to reduce lead-time and cost, recently the technology of Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (PR/M) has been used widely. So various RP/M methods have been developed and these systems commercialized several years ago. But we have carried out rapid product, such as sphere, by the milling process instead of RP system. in the case of sphere with three-dimensional shape. the machining method using conventional milling machine has resulted in some troubles because of its deformation and lack of stiffness which is due to usual work piece set up method. In this paper, the feasibility of milling process which is divided into two steps such as the-upper-and-1ower-face milling process using supporting material were investigated and suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

Doosan Construction & Engineering Co., Ltd is building a railway tunnel beneath the Soo-Young River connecting MinLak Station and Centum City Station, a section 230, subway line 2, Pusan City, Korea. When completed the tunnel will have a finished inner diameter of 6.5m(21.311) throughout its total length of 840m(420m = 0.52 miles, Two Single Track Tunnel : 420m＋420m). The ground profile of the face toward shield machine is composed of multi layers, silty clay, clayey gravel, soft rock etc. This research paper is to predict ground deformation and variation of stresses around tunnel using Hyperbolic model, and to reflect the works on the next shield tunneling project. And this research paper is analyzed data of measuring instrument (such as settlement gauge, inclinometer, Multiple extensometer, etc.) which is installed along tunnel line for safety of tunnel. For calculations, the finite difference Method is applied. Backfill grouting material is supposed to have instantly strength of 10kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ above, although its strength is available after 24 hours passed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.295-311
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• 2023

Cloud computing has evolved significantly, intending to provide users with fast, dependable, and low-cost services. With its development, malicious users have become increasingly capable of attacking both its internal and external security. To ensure the security of cloud services, encryption, authorization, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems have been employed. However, these single monitoring agents, are complex, time-consuming, and they do not detect ransomware and zero-day vulnerabilities on their own. An innovative Record and Replay-based hybrid Honeynet (R2NET) system has been developed to address this issue. Combining honeynet with Record and Replay (RR) technology, the system allows fine-grained analysis by delaying time-consuming analysis to the replay step. In addition, a machine learning algorithm is utilized to cluster the logs of attackers and store them in a database. So, the accessing time for analyzing the attack may be reduced which in turn increases the efficiency of the proposed framework. The R2NET framework is compared with existing methods such as EEHH net, HoneyDoc, Honeynet system, and AHDS. The proposed system achieves 7.60%, 9.78%%, 18.47%, and 31.52% more accuracy than EEHH net, HoneyDoc, Honeynet system, and AHDS methods.