• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) on performance of finishing pigs and indoor air quality in finishing building. A total 135 crossbred [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] pigs were randomly arranged into nine groups and assigned to three treatments. Pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1% level of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) until the market weight for 40 days of the experimental period. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) with dietary supplementation of 0.5% fermented microbial complex (Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$): however, average daily gain was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). Indoor ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing building were significantly(p<0.05) decreased by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) compared with those of control, however, indoor carbon dioxide concentration was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment suggest that the dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) for finishing pigs improved performance and indoor air quality in the finishing building.hing building.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.6 s.73
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of mulberry cultivars extracts on the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with $80\%$ ethyl alcohol extracts from various kinds of Tajikistan mulberry, Korea mulberry and China mulberry at 200 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The mulberry extracts were orally administrated at 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats were at all time points, but supplementation with the mulberry extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control did. The ovariectomy caused a decreasing in the levels of collagen content in bone and cartilage tissues. However, supplementation with mulberry extracts prevented the decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 1986

As for the deformation measurement of structure, there are many controversial points in using the methods by the strain guage, inclinometer, bial guage, and geodetic method because of the difficulty of instrument setting and the problem in the degree of accuracy of the results as well as in the economical aspect. Therefore, to verify the superiority of the Close- Range Photogrammetry method for the structural deformation measurement, the result of load deformation on the model structure, which was made using the Close-Range Photogrammetry method was compard with the results which was made using the methods of dial guage, precision level, and triangulation. In addition to that, to consider the general problem which would happen when C. R. P method was applied to the practical structure. The elements of C. R. P method like camera rotation angle ($\psi$,$\omega$), exposure elevation (Z$_{L}$), and angle of inclined base line ($\theta$) were experimented, and their specificities were reconsidered. As a result, the application of C. R. P method to the general structure is expected to be increased not only in the aspect of accuracy but in the economical aspect.t.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

In this study, batch or semi-continuous reactions, introducing site-specific carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan structures, were performed to increase water solubility and gel forming ability, using TEMPO/hypobromite with or without NaBr as catalysts. Regio-selective carboxylic acid formations were determined with infrared (IR) and $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses. The regio-selective reactions with and without NaBr gave oxidation yields of 92.5 and 85.6%, respectively, in the batch type, and yields of 93.9 and 86.4%, respectively, in the semi-continuous type. The reaction times in the batch and semi-continuous reactions without NaBr were delayed by 100 and 150%, respectively, as compared to those with NaBr. A combination of IR and $^{13}C$ NMR analyses were used to confirm the formation of carboxylic acids in ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan. From the batch reactions with and without NaBr, the water solubilities of oxidized products were 50.0 and 55.6%, respectively, and in the semi-continuous reactions they were 52.6 and 53.5%, respectively; while the water solubility of the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan was less than 1.0%. Finally, as compared to the native ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan, the gel forming ability of the reaction products was greatly increased irrespective of the presence of NaBr or the reaction type.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Purpose：The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) has increased due to the widespread use of high resolution ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. However, the clinical and biologic behaviors of PTMC is debatable. The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathologic features of PTMC and to suggest whether tumor size(5mm) might prove the useful parameter for determining the surgical strategy in PTMC. Material and Methods：From Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2005, 1355 of 2678 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were identified as having PTMC, based on tumor size${\leq}$10mm(50.6%). Among patients with PTMC, we further separated tumors<5mm(minute group：group M) from those 5 to 10mm(tiny group：group T). We compared the clinicopathological characteristics and the TNM stagings between two groups. Results：There were 114(8.4%) men and 1241(91.6%) women with a median age of 47 years(range；13-79). During a mean follow-up of 47.3(range；22-93), 13 patients(1.0%) developed locoregional recurrences and 3 patients(0.2%) showed distant metastases at initial presentation. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of extracapsular invasion(p<0.0001), invasion to adjacent structure(p<0.0001), multifocality(p<0.0001), central lymph node metastasis(p<0.0001), and lateral lymph node metastasis(p<0.0001) were all significantly higher in tiny group(tumor${\geq}$5mm). Furthermore, minute group demonstrated a significantly lower tumor stage(AJCC TNM classification) compared with tiny group(p<0.0001). Conclusion：Patients with PTMC have a favorable treatment outcomes, although the distinction needs to be made with reference to the clinicopathologic behaviors. It would be reasonable to consider that tumor size(5mm) would be useful parameter for the treatment strategy of PTMC.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2007

This study examined the histochemical and physiological characteristics during Korean native Ogol chickens (KNOC) development. The body weight, Pectoralis major and soleus muscle weights, and muscle samples were taken at hatching as well as at 3, 5, and 15 weeks of age. The fiber characteristics of the Pectoralis major and soleus muscles from the KNOC at hatching to 15 weeks of age were determined, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein concentrations were measured from the left Pectoralis major muscles. A greater increase in body and muscle weights was detected between hatching and 3 weeks of age than during any other period. Moreover, the cross sectional area (CSA) of the fibers, as well as the total concentration of DNA, RNA, and protein also showed a greater increase betweenhatching and 3 weeks of age than during any other period. The KNOC breed is a dual purpose breed, however, the it has lower body and muscle weights than commercial meat type chickens or layer type chickens. Moreover, the KNOC breed has a small muscle fiber CSA of and a low nucleic acid concentration.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Saururus chinensis Baill in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract of S. chinensis Baill inhibited yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 49.8%, which was twice as strong as that of acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. The effect of S. chinensis Baill methanol extract on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a carbohydrate load test. Oral administration of S. chinensis Baill extract (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) after oral ingestion of starch (1 g/kg). The area under the glucose response curve of the S. chinensis Baill group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The effect of prolonged feeding of S. chinensis Baill was studied in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose, insulin, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the mice fed S. chinensis Baill extract were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that S. chinensis Baill is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.551-559
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• 2001

Sodium nitrite which is added in processing of meat process product to develope color and to keep bacteria from growing, produces toxic substance after reacting, bring about deterioration by oxidation and toxic substance. So natural material is needed to substitute this sodium nitrite for. Chitosan which is made of chitin by processing of deacetylase, has various function of antibiosis and antimutation. We studied about the substitution effect of chitosan against sodium nitrite in pork sausage. As a result, of storing the sausage, antimicrobial effect of sodium nitrite was detected by 0.35% of chitosan(M.W. 30 kDa). This chitosan had same color developing effect even though addition content of sodium nitrite reduced until 15 ppm which is less than 1/10 of standard level. And chitosan decreased fast a residual nitrite. This result shows that chitosan inhibited a formation of nitrosamine.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1998

This study investigated the effects of a titanium prosthesis, malalignment, field of view, and distal flare of titanium prosthesis on computed tomography( CT) measurements of home mineral density. Eight femora and eight tibiae from fresh male cadavers were used. Fifteen pieces of cancellous bone from the proximal tibiae were milled into rectangular parallelepipeds. Parallelepipeds and femors were scanned with and without titanium prosthesis when centered in the gantry of the CT scanner and malaligned, respectively. Image data were then reconstructed with field of view of 10 and 30 cm. Bone mineral density(BMD) values were obtained from CT images using C-MED software. The effects of titanium prosthesis, malalignmetn, and field of view were investigated. When bone was centered in the gantry of the CT scanner, the mean relative difference of BMD measurements caused by a titanium prosthesis was less than 1% for both cortical and cancellous bone. Field of view had negligible effect on BMD measurements as well. Malalignment and distal flare of prosthesis, however, caused a significant difference in BMD measurements(p<0.0001). The titanium prosthesis did not interfere with malalignment combining the existence of a titnium prosthesis on BMD measurements was significant.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3452-3459
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships on participation on health education program toward skin care and the improvement of healthy life habit. The subject of the study was selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling among the skin care education center to learn health education program toward skin care among women in the Seoul and Kyunggi area. The data were collected through a questionnaire adapted from Payne and Hahn's(1986) 'Understanding Your Health-A personal profile; Evaluating Your Health'. The pilot test was executed after the questionnaire was translated into Korean. The statistics employed the study were validity and reliability test, $x^2$ verification, frequency, ANOVA, multiple classification analysis, ANCOVA and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results that were derived from these processes were as follows: First, before and after on health education program toward skin care, the student's healthy life habit is partially changed. Second, the relationship the period of education program and the characteristic healthy life habit, long-term skin care education is positively affected sleeping habit, anti-stress treatment, exercise and nutrition. Third, the relationship on the frequency of education program and the characteristic healthy life habit, more frequently participation on skin care education is positively affected on healthy life habit and exercise.