• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.989-999
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: We aimed to compare outcomes of complete revascularization (CR) versus culprit-only revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) in the $2^{nd}$ generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, patients with STEMI and MVD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a $2^{nd}$ generation DES for culprit lesions were enrolled. CR was defined as PCI for a non-infarct-related artery during the index admission. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or heart failure during the follow-up year. Results: In total, 705 MVD patients were suitable for the analysis, of whom 286 (41%) underwent culprit-only PCI and 419 (59%) underwent CR during the index admission. The incidence of MACE was 11.5% in the CR group versus 18.5% in the culprit-only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.86; p<0.01; adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-0.99; p=0.04). The CR group revealed a significantly lower incidence of CV death (7.2% vs. 12.9%; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86; p=0.01 and adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI; 0.32-0.97; p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions: CR was associated with better outcomes including reductions in MACE and CV death at 1 year of follow-up compared with culprit-only PCI in the $2^{nd}$ generation DES era.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.699-712
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a new Adaptive Search Range (ASR) decision algorithm for accelerating GPU-based Integer-pel Motion Estimation (IME) of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). For deciding the ASR, we classify a frame into two models using Motion Vector Differences (MVDs) then adaptively decide the search ranges of each model. In order to apply the proposed algorithm to the GPU-based ME process, starting points of the ME are decided using only temporal Motion Vectors (MVs). The CPU decides the ASR as well as the starting points and transfers them to the GPU. Then, the GPU performs the integer-pel ME. The proposed algorithm reduces the total encoding time by 37.9% with BD-rate increase of 1.1% and yields 951.2 times faster ME against the CPU-based anchor. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieves the time reduction of 57.5% in the ME running time with the negligible coding loss of 0.6%, compared with the simple GPU-based ME without ASR decision.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2277-2281
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• 2015

Objectives: To explore the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in cervical cancer and analyze its correlation with microvascular density (MVD), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB p65) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical MaxVision method was adopted to detect the expression level of AEG-1, NF-kB p65 and VEGF in 45 samples of invading cervical cancer and 12 samples of cervicitis from The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Tumor microvascular endothelial marker CD34 combined with Weidner was used to determine the MVD in cervical cancer tissue. The positive expression and staining conditions of AEG-1, NF-kB p65 and VEGF in cervical cancer tissues were observed under a light microscope. Correlations between expression of AEG-1 protein and those of NF-Kb p65 and VEGF, as well as MVD, were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: The expression levels of AEG-1 were $0.186{\pm}0.043$ in cervical cancer and $0.051{\pm}0.002$ in chronic cervicitis (p<0.01). Moreover, expression of AEG-1 was related to vascular invasion and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (p<0.01), but not with age of the patients, differentiation degree, tumour size, pathological type and parametrial infiltration (p>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of AEG-1 was linked with NF-kB p65 (r=0.501, p=0.000), VEGF (r=0.718, p=0.000) as well as MVD in cervical cancer tissue (r=0.815, p=0.000). Conclusions: AEG-1 is highly expressed in cervical cancer and promotes angiogenesis, which might be related to the fact that AEG-1 activating the signal pathway of NF-kB could up-regulate the level of VEGF expression.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the role of postoperative three dimensional short-range magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF MRA) in predicting the clinical outcomes following microvascular decompression(MVD) for the treatment of a hemifacial spasm(HFS). Material and Method : Postoperative magnetic resonance(MR) imaging was performed on 123 patients with a HFS between March 1999 and May 2000. All patients who had postoperative MR imaging were undertaken preoperative MR imaging. Of the 123 patients, 122 patients were included in this retrospective study. The degree of the detachment of vascular contact, and change of the position of offender were determined by pre- and postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. These findings were compared with the surgical findings and clinical outcomes. Results : Of 122 patients who had successful MVD, clear decompression of offenders of the root entry zone(REZ) of facial nerve was found in 106 patients(86.9%), partial decompression in 10 patients(8.2%) and contact of offenders to the REZ of facial nerve in 6 patients(4.9%) by the postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. Our patients demonstrated that the types of offender did not influence with the degree of decompression of REZ of facial nerve and with surgical outcomes(p>0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement of symptoms(p>0.05). Futhermore, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement time (p>0.05). Conclusion : Our data suggests that MVD of facial nerve alone may not be sufficient to resolve the symptoms in all patients with hemifacial spasm. Therefore, another unknown factors besides vascular compression may be involved to cause symptoms in certain patients and it may be necessary to remove these factors with MVD simultaneously to obtain the resolution of symptom.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

In this study, the effects of the characteristics of droplets of water spray on suppression of fire were analyzed numerically using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) 6.5.2. Additionally, the fire suppression characteristics by the water spray nozzle, including the extinguishing coefficient (EC), droplet size distribution function (SDF), median volumetric diameter (MVD), and droplets per second (DPS), were evaluated in terms of the decreasing normalized heat release rate (HRR) curve and cooling time. It was observed that with increase in the EC, the normalized HRR curve decreased rapidly, and the changing MVD affected the suppression of fire. In case of mono-disperse, the normalized HRR curve decreased slowly with the increase in DPS. On the contrary, in case of multi-disperse, the normalized HRR curve decreased rapidly even with a small increase in DPS.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.343-355
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• 2011

For a data with the assumption of the mixture distribution, it is important to find an appropriate threshold and evaluate its performance. The relationship is found of well-known nine classification accuracy measures such as MVD, Youden's index, the closest-to-(0, 1) criterion, the amended closest-to-(0, 1) criterion, SSS, symmetry point, accuracy area, TA, TR. Then some conditions of these measures are categorized into seven groups. Under the normal mixture assumption, we calculate thresholds based on these measures and obtain the corresponding type I and II errors. We could explore that which classification measure has minimum type I and II errors for estimated mixture distribution to understand the strength and weakness of these classification measures.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2014

The development in roller compacted concrete (RCC) is replacing the conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC) for faster construction of dam during last three-four decades. Notwithstanding, there have been relatively less works reported on the utilization of RCC in dam constructions, especially the dams having considerable height. Further, the Ghatgar dam was the only dam in the tropical country like India constructed using the technology of RCC until two years back. However, with the completion of 102.4 m high Middle Vaitarana Dam (MVD), owned by Muncipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM), India, has become the first largest roller compacted concrete dam. The paper traces step by step aspects of the mix design of RCC in respect of the afore-mentioned project besides the construction aspects; and also, demonstrates as to how 12.15 lacs cubic meter of roller compacted concrete was placed within the record duration of 15.2 months, thus, rendering the MVD as the ninth fastest RCC dam in the world. The paper also discusses the various mix proportioning, quality control, constructional features and instrumentation with respect to the high RCC dam such as Middle Vaitarana.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1992

5-Hydroxytryptamine(serotonin, 5-HT)은 중추신경의 신경 전달물질로서 조울병, 불안신경증 등의 정신병태생리에 중요한 역할을 한다. Radioligand 결합실험에 의하여 5-$HT_{1A}$, 5-$HT_{1B}$, 5-$HT_{1C}$, 5-$HT_{1D}$, 5-$HT_{2}$, 5-$HT_3$의 5-HT receptor subtypes의 존재가 확인되어 있고, 그 중에서도 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor는 중추작용 증 정 도의 조절에 관계가 깊은 raphe nuclei 및 해마에 주로 존재하여 약리학적으로는 체온강하, 혈압 강하, 과식작용, corticosterone 분비 등과 관련되어 있음이 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 수용체 agonist가 항불안약, 항우울약 또는 항고혈압약으로서의 응용이 가능해지면서 5-$HT_{1A}$ 수용체 기능의 해명 및 그 agonist의 개발이 주목받고 있는 가운데, 본 연구에 있어서, 항불안약 개발목적으로 합성된 일련의 화합물 중 1-<3-(3,4-methylene-dioxyphenoxy)propyl> 4-phenyl piperazine (DP-554)이 5-HT 수용체에 특이적이고 선택적으로 높은 친화성을 가지며, rat 해마의 막분획에서 adenylate cyclase 활성을 억제하고, 뇌내 5-HT turnover rate를 감소시키는 둥의 약리학적 작용을 나타내어, 이 화합물이 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor agonist로서 작용함을 밝혔다. Mouse vas deferens (MVD)를 이용한 실험에서 5-$HT_{1A}$ receptor가 MVD의 교감신경 말단에 존재하여 그 neurotransmission을 억제함이 시사되었으며, 이 조직에서 또한 5-$HT_2$와 5-$HT_3$ 수용체의 존재를 확인하고 각각의 기능을 분명히 했다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.689-701
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• 2011

The relations between ambient conditions and ice accretion shapes are quantitatively analyzed by employing self-organization maps and analysis of variance. Liquid water contents(LWC), mean volumetric droplet diameter(MVD), ambient temperature and free-stream velocity are chosen as ambient conditions which change ice accretion shapes. The parameters of ice accretion shape are selected as maximum thickness, icing limits, ice heading, and ice accretion area. Qualitative analysis was conducted by employing self-organization maps which show the qualitative relations between ice shapes and ambient conditions. The quantitative results of analysis of variance yield intensity of ambient conditions to the parameters of ice accretion shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.270-272
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• 2011

다시점 비디오는 사용자들에게 자유로운 시점 선택 및 넓은 시점에서의 입체감을 제공하지만, 시점의 증가에 따른 데이터 량의 증가가 불가피하다. 이에 따라 최근 MPEG 에서는 재생되는 시점 수 보다 적은 수의 다시점 비디오와 그에 대응하는 깊이 영상 및 관련 파라미터를 메타데이터 형태로 제공하는 다시점 및 깊이 영상 부호화(MVD: Multiview plus Depth)에 대한 표준화를 진행하고 있다. 본 논문은 MVD 가 방송망에서 서비스되는 시나리오를 가정하여 다시점 비디오와 그에 대응하는 깊이 영상을 MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream)로 전송하기 위한 기법을 제시한다. 제안한 기법은 기존의 단일 영상 및 깊이 영상을 전송하기 위한 부가비디오스트림 서술자(Auxiliary Video Stream Descriptor) 및 MPEG-C Part 3 표준을 확장하여 다시점 비디오와 그에 대응하는 깊이 영상간의 매핑 정보 및 각 시점의 깊이 파라미터를 제공할 수 있다.