• 제목/요약/키워드: MUM 1

검색결과 154건 처리시간 0.025초

최적화된 계층구조를 갖는 서브밴드 필터뱅크의 설계 (The Design of Optimum Hierarchical Subband Filter Bank)

  • 박규식;박재현
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.938-946
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    • 1996
  • 계층적 구조를 갖는 서브밴드 코덱은 그 구조의 간단성과 모듈적인 특성으로 인하여 데이타 압축/복원 시스템에 많이 쓰여왔다. 최근까지 연구되어 오고 있는 대부분의 계층적 서브밴드 코덱은 주로 양자화 영향을 고려하지 않은 상태에서 출력단에서 입력 신호를 복원하기 위한 완전복원(perfet Reconstruction)시스템에 제한되어 왔다. 그러나 실제적인 서브밴드 코덱 시스템에서는 분석 필터 뱅크를 통한 입력 신호가 양자화기를 거쳐 합성필터 뱅크에 전송되므로, 양자화 오차가 발생하게 되어 완전복 원은 불가능하게 된다. 따라서, 이러한 양자화 오차를 최소화하여 출력단에서 가능한 한 원 입력신호에 가깝게 재생할 수 있는 최적의 코덱 시스템을 필요로 하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 그 동안 수학적 이론과 코덱구조의 복합성 때문에 고려되지 않았던 양자화기에 위한 양자화 오차를 수학적으로 분석하여 최적화된 계층적 구조를 갖는 서브밴드 코덱의 설계를 제안한다. 본 논문에서의 최적화의기준은 코덱에서 양자화 기에 의해 발생하는 평균 제곱 오차를 최소화하는 계층적 분석/합성 필터 뱅크와 양자화기의 설계에 있다. 구체적인 최적화 설계 예제는 레벨-1. 레벨-2 계층적 구조를 갖는 코덱에 실제 적용되었으며, 설계된 코덱은 컴퓨터 모의 실험을 통하여 검증하였다.

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Strain Rate Dependent Poroelastic Behavior of Bovine Vertebral Trabecular Bone

  • Hong, Jung-Hwa;Mum, Mu-Seong;Lim, Tae-Hong
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.1032-1040
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    • 2001
  • It is widely accepted that the pressure variation of interstitial fluid is one of the most important factors in bone physiology. In order to understand the role of interstitial fluid on porous bony structure, a consideration for the biomechanical interactions between fluid and solid constituents within bone is required. In this study, a poroelastic theory was applied to investigate the elastic behavior of calf vertebral trabecular bone composed of the porous solid trabeculae and the viscous bone marrow. The poroelastic behavior of trabecular bone in a uniaxial stress condition was simulated using a commercial finite difference analysis software (FLAC, Itasca Consulting Group, USA), and tested for 5 different strain rates, i.e., 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 10 per second. The material properties of the calf vertebral trabecular bone were utilized from the previous experimental study. Two asymptotic poroelastic responses, the drained and undrained deformations, were predicted. From the predicted results for the simulated five strain rates, it was found that the pore pressure generation has a linearly increasing behavior when the strain rate is the highest at 10 per second, otherwise it showed a nonlinear behavior. The pore pressure generation with respect to the strain was found to be increased as the strain rate increased. The elastic moduli predicted at each strain were 208.3, 212.2, 337.6, 593.1, and 602.2 MPa, respectively. Based on the results of the present study, it was suggested that the calf vertebral trabecular bone could be modeled as a poroelastic material and its strain rate dependent material behavior could be predicted.

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제조합 균주 Escherochia coli가 생산하는 Bacillus stearothermophilus Acetyl Xylan Esterase의 정제 및 특성 (Purification and Characterization of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Escherichia coli Cells Harboring the Recombinant Plasmid pKMG6)

  • 김인숙;이철우;최용진
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.507-514
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    • 1994
  • Acetyl xylan esterase was produced by E. coli HB101 harboring a recombinant plasmid pKMG6 which contained the estI gene of Bacillus stearothermophilus. The maximum production was observed when the E. coli strain was grown at 37$\circC for 12 hours in the medium containing 0.5% acetyl xylan, 1.0% tryptons, 1.0% sodium chloride, and 0.5% yeast extract. The esterase produced was purified to homogeneity using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The native enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 60 kd and was composed of two identical subunits of 29 kd. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the polypeptide was Ala-X-Leu-Gln- Ile-Gln-Phe-X-X-Gln. The acetyl esterase displayed a pH optimum of 6.5 and a temperature opti- mum of 45$\circC. The heavy metal ions such as Ag$^{++}$, Hg$^{++}$ and Cu$^{++}$ inhibited nearly completely the activity of the esterase, and no specific metal ion was found to be required for the enzyme activity. The enzyme readily cleaved MAS, $\beta$-D-glucose pentaacetate, $\alpha$-naphthyl acetate, $\rho$-nitrophenyl acetate as well as acetyl xylan, but had no activity on $\rho$-nitrophenyl propionate, $\beta$-nitrophenyl butyrate or $\beta$-nitrophenyl valerate. The Km and Vmax values for MAS were 2.87 mM and 11.55 $\mu$mole/min, respectively. Synergistic behavior was demonstrated with a combination of xylanase and esterase from B. stearothermophilus in hydrolyzing acetyl xylan.

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우리나라 동결토의 토군별 분석과 동결심도에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Analysis of Freezing Soil by Frost Groups and Frost Depth in Korea)

  • 정철호
    • 한국지반공학회지:지반
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 1989
  • 본 논문은 주택공사의 실내토질시험자료,국립중앙기상대의 기상자료 및 국립건설시험기의 동결 심도 실측자료를 이용하여 우리나라 동결토의 토군 및 동결심도를 유계적으로 분석한 것이다. 이 논과에서 분석한 동결변수는 0.02mm보다가는입경의 비률, 소성지수, 동결지수, 흙의 함수비, 그리고 동결실측심도 등이다. 연구분석한 결과, 우리나라 전역의 동결심도는 지역 보다 흙에 따라 발생하는 차가 매우 큼을 확인하였으며. 1 B 4회 관측한 일평균기단으로 구한 평균 14연간의 최대동결지수를 산정하여 우리나라 57개 도시의 설계동결지수 재포도를 작성 제시하였다. 동결지수와 동결심도와의 관계에 서 산정된 평균직선식을 보정한 t-분포의 99.9% 신뇌상한선을 예상최대동결심도로 실용화 할 수 있는 새로운 기법을 제안하였다.

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Renal Lymphoma with Mesenteric Lymphomatosis in a Cat

  • Jeon, Jin-ha;Song, Doo-won;Ro, Woong-bin;Kim, Heyong-seok;Lee, Ga-won;Cho, Jun-ho;Jeong, Woo-chang;Kim, Soo-hyeon;Sur, Jung-hyang;Park, Hee-myung
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.208-212
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    • 2020
  • A 6-year-old castrated male Russian Blue cat was presented for evaluation of dyschezia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hyperechoic nodules in both kidneys, heterogeneous mass in abdomen, and extensive mesenteric thickening with multiple hypoechoic nodules. Computed tomography showed multiple hypodense lesions in both kidneys and diffuse nodular infiltration around the mesentery. Fine needle aspirates (FNA) acquired under ultrasound guidance from the mesentery consisted of large lymphocytes which have round to irregular nuclei with granular chromatin, prominent nucleoli and a small amount of basophilic cytoplasm. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor gene rearrangement result of FNA sample revealed a T-cell malignancy. The cat died from acute renal failure after 1 cycle of modified Madison-Wisconsin L-CHOP protocol. Postmortem examination revealed bilaterally enlarged lumpy-bumpy shaped kidneys. Histopathologic examination showed an infiltration of malignant lymphocytes into the renal parenchyma and mesentery. Immunohistochemical staining of the renal sample displayed a negative expression of CD3, PAX5, MUM-1, and CD79. The clinical features and prognosis of the cat with renal lymphoma with mesenteric lymphomatosis have been described in this report.

흰쥐 적혈구에 있는 Glutathione Peroxidase의 순화 및 성질과 간에서의 용작부위에 대한 조직화학적 연구 (Purification and Characterization of Glutathione Peroxidase Isolated from Rat Erythrocyte and Histochemical Study of its Localization in Liver of White Rat)

  • 최임순;최춘근
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.141-158
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    • 1986
  • 흰쥐를 실험재료로 그 적혈구에서 glutathione peroxidase를 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 침전법, Sephadex filtration column, DEAE-sephadex column chromatogrgphy하여 순화시키고 이것의 성질을 연구하였으며, 간에서 이 효소의 작용부위를 조직화학적 처리를 하여 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Glutathione peroxidase는 약 33.5배 순화되었다. 2. Crude glutathione peroxidase의 최적온도는 $40^\\circC$이며, 반응 최적 pH는 7.5였다. 3. 이 효소는 $30^\\circC$에서 가장 안정되었으며 glutathione농도 변화에 대한 Km값은 8.5 mM, 최대 반응속도는 15.6 $\\mu$moles/min이었고, $H_2O_2$ 농도변화에 대한 Km값은 40 $\\mu$M이며, 최대 반응속도는 10.5 $\\mu$moles/min이었다. 4. 이 효소의 분자량은 약 90,000정도로 측정되었다. 5. 쥐의 간에서 이 효소의 활성부위는 microbody에 국한되며 간소염의 주변주에서 그 활성이 크게 나타났다. 6. 조직화학적 방법으로 나타난 반응산물은 직경 $2.0\\sim0.7 \\mum$ 정도의 원형으로 그 경계막은 뚜렷하지 않았다.

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호흡성분진중의 중금속 오염도에 관한 조사연구 (A Study of Heavy Metal Pollutants in the Respirable Dust in Seoul Area)

  • 임영욱;정용
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.68-78
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    • 1989
  • The heavy metal of suspended particulates with human health has long been studied in environmental interest concerned. This study was intended to identify harmful heavy metals of the ambient air borne dusts which were related with the respirable sizes in the aerodynamics. Two sampling sites were selected comparatively; one was in the Shinchon area, which is the commercial district with heavy traffic and the other site was in the Bulgwang area which is residential area. The supended particulates were sampled by high volume air sample with 6 cascade impactor stages. The heavy metals in terms of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn were determined by stomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The samples weretaken bimothly for seven consecutive days from May 1987 to March 1988. The annual average concentration of the respirable suspended dust of which diameter is less than 10$\mum$ was 152.59 $\mug/m^3$ of the Shinchon air samples; the respirable dust was equivalent to approximately 85% of the total suspended particulates. The annual average concentration of the respirable suspended dust of the Bulgwang air samples was 112.56 $\mug/m^3$; that was approximately 86% of the total suspended particulates. The concentration of heavy metals was investigated in relation to the particle size. The concentration of Cr, Fe, Mn and V were tended to be much more in the coarse particles than in the fine particles. Cd and Pb in the fine particles were more than in the coarse particles. In the partial correlation coefficients; in the Shinchon area, high correlations among Fe, Se and Mn were determined; it is assumed that those sources would be originated from coal, gasolineand diesel. In Bulgwang area, would be high correlation among Fe, Se, Hg and Mn considered to be originated from coal, Bunker-C and heavy oil as well. From the above results, the hazardous heavy merals in air should be measured and controlled in originally their sources.

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Submicron 부유분진의 화학적 조성 및 분포에 관한 연구 (Studies on the Chemical Compositions and Distributions of Ambient Sumicron Aerosols)

  • 황인조;김동술
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.11-23
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to survey chemical distribution of inorganic elements and ions in the submicron particles, to characterize qualitatively emitting sources by factor analysis, and finally to reveal existing patterns in terms of chemical compounds by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Total of 141 samples were collected by a cascade impactor from 1989 to1996. Fifteen chemical species (Al, Ba, Cd, K, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, $Cl^-, NO_3^-, SO_4^{2-}, K^+, Mg^{2+}, Ca^{2+}, and Na^+$) were characterized by AAS and IC. The study showed that average seasonal levels of submicron particulate matters $(d_p<0.43 \mum)$ were 18.7 $\mug/m^3$ in spring, 15.5 $\mug/m^3$ in summer, 15.7 $\mug/m^3$ in fall, and 24.5 $\mug/m^3$ in winter, respectively. All of the anion concentrations in the particle were highest in the winter season. By applying a factor analysis, 5 source patterns were qualitatively obtained, such as sulfate related source, nitrate related source, oil burning source, calcium related source, and coal combustion source. Finally, when applying a stepwise multiple regression analysis, the results clearly showed that $Na^+ and Ca^{2+}, K^+ and Ca^{2+}, NO_3^-$ and relative humidity, $Cl^-$ and ambient temperature, $Ca^{2+} and Cl^-, Mg^{2+} and SO_4^{2-}, Na^+ and NO_3^-, and Ca^{2+} and NO_3^-$, respectively, are negatively contributed to each other. As a result of those statistical analysis, we could suggest that some chemical compounds in the submicron particles such as$NaNO_3, MgSO_4, Ca(NO_3)_2, and CaCl_2$ may not exist on the filter as final composing products; however, other compounds may possibly exist in the form of $Mg(NO_3)_2, CaSO_4, Na_2SO_4, K_2SO_4, MgCl_2, NaCl, and KCl$. Thus, it must be necessary to identify differences between the results of above statistical analysis and of the real world by laboratory experiments.

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경기만 연안지역의 염생식물 분포 (Floristic Survey of Salt Marshes and Dunes on Gyeonggi Bay in Korea)

  • 심현보;서석민;최병희
    • 환경생물
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2002
  • 경기만 염습지의 식물상을 1999년 8월부터 2001년 10월까지 조사하였다. 본 조사는 경기만에 위치한 14개 내륙연안과 도서지역의 38개 지역에서 자연염습지, 사구, 폐염전 및 해안제방을 구분하여 수행되었다. 이 지역에서 조사된 염생식물은 17과 32속 46종이었는데, 이중 자연염습지에만 자라는 식물은 지채 (Triglochin mariti-mum L.), 천일사초 (Carex scabrifolia Steud.), 퉁퉁마디(Salicornia herbacea L.), 방석나물 (Suaeda australis (R. Br.) Moq.), 해홍나물 (S. martima Dum.), 칠면초 (S. japonica Makino), 기수초(S. malacosperma Hara) 등 7종이었으며, 사구에만 자라는 식물은 갯방풍(Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm.), 갯사상자 (Cnidium japonicum Miq.), 모래지치 (Messerschmidia sibirica L.), 갯씀바귀(Ixeris repens A. Gray), 호모초(Corispermum stauntonii Miq.), 순비기나무 (Vitex rotundifolia L. fil.), 갯쇠보리(Ischaemum anthephoroides Miq.), 통보리사초 (Carex kobomugi Ohwi) 등 8종이었다. 각 조사지 역별 염생식물은 교동도 21종, 석모도 17종, 강화도 남쪽해안과 동검도 28종, 장봉도 16종, 신,시도 16종, 대무의도 23종, 덕적도 23종, 이작도 10종, 영흥도 29종, 소래 25종, 대부도 15종, 쌍송리 6종, 호곡리 16종, 매향리 10종 등으로 조사되었다.

"동무선사사상약성상험고가(東武先師四象藥性嘗驗古歌)"의 연원(淵源)과 의의(意義)에 대한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$'s Origin and Meaning)

  • 박성식
    • 사상체질의학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2002
  • I think that the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$ of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ is basic material explaining the character of sasang-herb and prescription. Through the study on the ${\ulcorner}$DongMuSunSaSaSangYakSungSangHumGoGa${\lrcorner}$'s origin and meaning, I can take the result as follows. The first, that is composed of total 237 herbs of 90 spleen-herb (Soeumin-herb), 61 kidney-herb (Soyangin-herb), 67 lung-herb (Taeeumin-herb) and 19 liver-herb (Taeyangin-herb). The second, the origin of that is ${\ulcorner}$JeJungSinPyun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$BangYakHapPyun${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$EuiHakIpMum${\lrcorner}$. And DongMu classified traditional YakSungGa as spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver-herb which is suitable to Sasangin, not created that. So we can know that the first understanding for DongMu' s herb is focused on the traditional YakSungGa. The third, DongMu's unique terminology of spleen-herb, kidney-herb, lung-herb and liver herb show his sight of symptom, disease and pharmacology, that is focused on small JangBu. The forth, through herb-nature gathered from traditional YakSungGa, that purposed to classfying each constitutional herb. So we can know his idea that the choice of herb is not in general efficacy but in personal constitution. As mentioned abovet, that can refer to an herbal argument of DongMu and ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGoYakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ that make known to be common can refer to an prescriptional argument of DongMu.

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