• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.427-438
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• 2012

The SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to control some critical national infrastructures such as electricity, gas, and water distribution systems. Recently, there are many researches on key management scheme for secure communication due to change to the open network environment. We propose a new key management method which is established on ID-based cryptosystem using pairing on MTU(Master Terminal Unit), Sub-MTU, and RTU(Remote Terminal Unit). Furthermore, we present a redistribution protocol of private key of each device and a system recovery protocol as a countermeasure of exposure of KMS(Key Management System) master key which is occurred by some unexpected accidents or malicious attacks.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.89-91
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• 2004

In SCADA systems, an RTU is a device installed at a remote location that collects data, codes the data into a format that is transmittable and transmits the data back to a central station, or MTU. An RTU also collects information from the master device and implements processes that are directed by master device. RTUs are equipped with input channels for sensing or metering, output channels for control, indication or alarms and a communications port. In general, the data are transmitted via a wired communication infrastructure such as RS422 or RS485 between RTU and MTU. But, limited range of wired communication doesn't allow the system to cover remote areas over the limitation, and building a wired communication network is not easy in the circumstances. In this Paper, we design and implement a smart cost-effective Web-RTU that can communicate with MTU via Web. Web is of benefit to the Web-RTU, because it is not only free from the distance limitations, but also is built easily and cost-effectively wherever Internet resources are available. Additionally, Web can be easily applied to the SCADA system with the development of hardware and software for communications. The Web-RTU has a program memory, a data memory and a RAM inside, and uses Atmega128, low-cost 8 bit micro-processor with eight AI(Analog Input). It performs well enough to implement all existing roles of RTU.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.293-300
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• 2022

This study investigated a graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coating pattern capable of improving the light extraction efficiency of GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The planar LEDs had total internal reflection thanks to the large difference in refractive index between the LED semiconductor and the surrounding medium (air). The main goal of this paper was to reduce the trapped light inside the LED by controlling the refractive index using various compositions of (TiO₂)_x(SiO₂)_1-x in GRIN LEDs consisting of five dielectric layers. Several types of multilayer LEDs were simulated and it was determined the transmittance value of the LEDs with many layers was greater than the LEDs with less layers. Then, the specific ranges of incident angles of the individual layers which depend on the refractive index were evaluated. According to theoretical calculations, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of the five-layer GRIN is 25.29 %, 28.54 % and 30.22 %, respectively. Consequently, the five-layer GRIN LEDs patterned enhancement outcome LEE over the reference planar LEDs. The results suggest the increased light extraction efficiency is related to the loss of Fresnel transmission and the release of the light mode trapped inside the LED chip by the graded-refractive-index.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.6C
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• pp.614-622
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose an efficient packetization method to reduce the packetization overhead. For the purpose, we firstly verify the relationship between packet length and packet loss rate. The empirical results show that as the packet length is larger than the path MTU, the packet loss rate is drastically increased, producing poor visual quality at the receiver side. However, as the length of the packet is reduced, we should transmit more packets per frame and the packetization overhead will be increased. This increase in the packetization overhead reduces the number of bits allocated to the video data, resulting in the low visual quality. Therefore, each packet should be packetized to have the packet length close to the path MTU. In this paper, we show that the this process of the packetization with the constraint on the packet length is very similar to the dynamic storage allocation in the operating system. We had thoroughly surveyed the dynamic storage allocation methods used in the recent operating systems and propose to use the allocation methods for the video packetization. We empirically show that the proposed method can reduce the packetization overhead upto 28.3%, compared with the conventional sequential packetization method which have been widely used in Internet video transmission.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.340-341
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• 2004

최근에는 경수로 핵연료의 연소도를 높이고 있으며 연소도가 증가함에 따라서 핵분열생성물(불순물)의 양은 증가하게 된다. 핵분열생성물의 함량은 산화속도 및 분말특성에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 소결성을 갖는 분말의 제조 및 특성 실험은 사용후 핵연료가 고방사능을 가져 실험수행상에 제한이 많아 실제 사용후 핵연료를 모사한 모의 사용후 핵연료를 사용하여 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연소도가 35,000 MWD/MTU 및 60,000 MWD/MTU인 모의 사용후 핵연료를 제조하여 연소도에 따른 산화ㆍ환원처리 분말 및 미분쇄 분말의 분말특성, 소결온도 및 성형압력에 따른 소결성을 조사하였다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05b
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• pp.651-657
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• 1995

고리원자력1호기에서 각각 2주기, 4주기동안 연소한 핵연료봉 G33-N2(평균연소도:3464MWD/MTU) 및 G23-14(평균연소도:13917MWD/MTU)에 대하여 와전류시험을 수행한 결과 G33-N2 핵연료봉 하단으로부터 각각 2290mm, 2878mm 위치에 관통결함신호와 내부결함신호를 얻었다. 또한 G23-l4 핵연료봉에서는 ridge 와전류신호를 획득하였다. 비파괴적 와전류시험을 통하여 관통결함 및 내부결함으로 예측된 위치에서 파괴적 금속조직시험을 수행하여 얻은 결과는 와전류시험결과와 잘 일치하였다 G23-l4 핵연료봉에서 획득한 ridge 와전류신호는 직경측정시험결과와 비슷한 경향을 보여 주었다. 따라서 와전류시험을 통하여 핵연료봉에 대한 건전성 평가 도구로서의 그 신뢰성이 양호함을 실증하였으며 핵연료봉의 ridge 정보도 제공할 수 있음을 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.698-703
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• 2000

초고속 인터넷의 멀티미디어 서비스 통합에 대한 해결책으로 ATM 네트워크 기술이 널리 사용되고 있다. UBR 상의 TCP에서는 혼잡 시 패킷의 손실을 줄이기 위한 UBR+EPD 방식과 ABR 상의 TCP에서 ABR 율 기반 제어는 셀 손실을 억제하는 높은 성능의 ER 방식이 제안되었다. 그러나 인터넷 서비스의 영역이 지역적으로 점차 확장되어짐에 따라 보다 다양한 QoS가 요구되어진다. 이러한 환경요인을 만족시키기 위해, 본 논문에서는 UBR 서비스상의 TCP의 성능개선을 위해서 거리에 따른 빠른 재전송과 회복의 설정 여부에 대한 성능평가와 ABR 서비스에서는 TCP의 파라미터인 MTU(Maximum Transport Unit)의 크기를 변화시켜 좋은 성능 개선을 가져오는 MTU 크기를 시뮬레이션 결과 통해 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2020

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems for remote monitoring, data acquisition and control are applied to major industrial infrastructures including power, water and railroad. Recently, there are many researches on key management scheme for secure communication due to change to the open network environment. These systems are located at far distances and are connected to the main control center through various types of communication methods. Due to the nature of these systems, they are becoming the significant targets of cyber attack. We propose an efficient key management scheme which is established on ID-based cryptosystem without an expensive computation on MTU (Master Terminal Unit), Sub-MTU, and RTU (Remote Terminal Unit). The proposed method is secure and effective in key management among multiple legitimate devices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.238-244
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• 2004

The relationship between the leaching and gap inventory of spent fuel has been studied. When a specimen of J44H08 spent PWR fuel with 38 GWD/MTU has been leached in the synthetic granitic groundwater in Ar atmosphere, the released fraction of cesium was increased rapidly up to 0.7% at around 500 days and stayed below 0.8% until 3 years. This 0.7% of cesium might be released from the gap in this fuel. The measurement of gap inventory with C15I08 spent PWR fuel, having 35 GWD/MTU and 0.22% of fission gas release, was also determined near 0.6% for the cesium, which is a similar fraction of cesium released from the leaching experiment with J44H08 fuel. Its gap inventories of strontium and iodine were about 0.03 and less than 0.2% respectively. Respective fractions of cesium and strontium in grain boundary of C15I08 were 0.78, 0.09%.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2007

Inventories of soluble elements in the gap and grain boundaries of domestic used PWR fuel pellets were measured to estimate the quantities of radionuclides that are liable to be rapidly released into the groundwater of a disposal site. The gap inventory of cesium for the pellets in the used fuel with a burn-up range of 45 to 66 GWD/MTU showed 0.85 to 1.7% of its total inventory, which was close to 1/6 to 1/3 of the fission gas release fraction (FGRF). However, the amounts of cesium released from the gaps of the pellets below 40 GWD/MTU of a burn-up and less than 1% FGRF were so erratic that the gap inventory could not be defined by ie FGRF. Strontium inventories in the gap and grain boundaries of the pellets in the same rod were not significantly varied, and the iodine inventory in the gap of the used PWR fuels was estimated to be less than or the same as the FGRF.