• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2011

In Network Centric Warfare (NCW) environment, having a tactical communication network which provides high data exchange rate is very important. In the process, Korean Army developed Mobile Subscriber Access Point (MSAP) which is based on the commercial Wireless BroadBand (Wibro). MSAP is a vehicle attached base station which provide high data exchange communication environment in a given area. Thus MSAP can provide high data exchange rate and mobility to accomplish missions in the battlefield more effectively. In this paper, we propose an operational strategy of using MSAP to provide tactical communication network in the battlefield. The idea is to find the optimal location point of the MSAP in the operational area where all the troops in the operational area can be supported by the MSAP with a minimum number of MSAP. Since the current Korean Army's basic idea of using MSAP is just distribute this MSAP to each troop, so by applying our strategy we can save MSAP devices for more flexible operation. We will show our strategy's benefits through the mathematical model and the algorithm of the presented problem.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.11
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 2012

This paper presents a novel hybrid authentication scheme in the next-generation Tactical Mobile Communication Systems(TMCS) with wireless MSAP mesh networks. The existing centralized and distributed authentication methods for security between MSAPs may have their pros and cons. The centralized authentication method induces overhead from frequent MSAP association which leads to long authentication delay. On the other hand, the distributed authentication method requires initial sharing of the authentication information. Therefore, a more efficient authentication scheme is needed to protect the network from malicious MSAPs and also maximize efficiency of the network security. The proposed scheme provides a hybrid method of efficiently managing the authentication keys in the wireless MSAP mesh network to reduce the induced authentication message exchange overhead. Also, as the authentication method between MSAP and TMFT is different, a method of utilizing the ACR for handling the EAP packets is proposed. In overall, the proposed scheme provides efficient mutual authentication between MSAPs especially for tactical environments and is analyzed through performance evaluation to prove its superiority.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06b
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• pp.98-100
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 차세대 전술이동통신체계에서의 무선 MSAP Mesh망에서 효율적으로 인증 키를 관리하고 전술이동통신체계의 부하를 줄이는 새로운 혼합형 인증기법을 제안한다. 기존 방식에서 각 MSAP이 체계 접속을 위해서는 중앙집중형 인증기법과 분산형 인증기법을 활용할 수 있는데 각각의 문제점을 안고 있다. 즉, 중앙집중형 인증기법은 MSAP 노드의 빈번한 가입 및 탈퇴로 인한 과다한 지연 문제가 있고 분산형 인증기법은 인증에 필요한 정보를 사전에 공유해야 하는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하는 동시에 전술적인 환경에서 악의적인 MSAP 접속 거부와 네트워크 보안성을 극대화하기 위해서는 보다 효과적인 인증기법이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 미 인증된 MSAP이 EAP-TLS 기법을 기반으로 전술이동통신 네트워크 진입시 초기인증과 이웃 MSAP간의 상호인증 등 다양한 시나리오를 군의 특수한 환경에 맞추어 구체적으로 제시하고 각 인증 기법의 장 단점을 분석하여 혼합형 인증기법 적용에 타당성을 강조하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.2C
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• pp.196-205
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• 2012

In this paper, we investigate MSAP-TMFT in TICN systems that will be future NCW-based tactical networks. Although MSAP-TMFT implements the WiBro technology, we propose to design a NRC(NAT Relay Cell) that functions as a relay station and at the same time as a base station in combat environments. NRCs support extension of communication distance, increased data rate, efficient radio resource management, and survavibility of combat networks. From simulation results, we show that NRCs improve the efficacy of radio resource management and system throughput compared to the legacy systems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.240-252
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• 2022

Rather than just another "review," this is intended to be an "overview" of the entire subject of the medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap as has been presented in the reconstructive literature from its inception in 2001 until the present, with any exceptions not purposefully overlooked. Unfortunately, the pertinent anatomy of the MSAP flap is always anomalous like most other perforator flaps, and perhaps even more variable. No schematic exists to facilitate the identification of a dominant musculocutaneous perforator about which to design the flap, so some adjunctive technology may be highly valuable for this task. However, if a relatively thin free flap is desirable for a small or moderate sized defect that requires a long pedicle with larger caliber vessels, the MSAP flap deserves consideration. Indeed, for many, this has replaced the radial forearm flap such as for partial tongue reconstruction. Most consider the donor site deformity, even if only a conspicuous scar on the calf, to be a contraindication. Yet certainly if used as a local flap for the knee, popliteal fossa, or proximal leg, or as a free flap for the ipsilateral lower extremity where a significant recipient site deformity already exists, can anyone really object that this is not a legitimate indication? As with any perforator flap, advantages and disadvantages exist, which must be carefully perused before a decision to use the MSAP flap is made. Perhaps not a "workhorse" flap for general use throughout the body, the MSAP flap in general may often be a valuable alternative.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.385-394
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• 2012

The tactical mobile communication network, which comprises a part of the next-generation Tactical Information and Communication Network (TICN), provides means of communication and control for Tactical Multi-Functional Terminals (TMFT) belonging to a Mobile Subscriber Access Point (MSAP). The next-generation of MSAP is capable of constructing a backbone network via LCTR and HCTR directional antennas. At the same time, WMN modules are used to create and manage a wireless mesh backbone. When directional antennas are used in mobile environments, seamless services cannot be efficiently supported as the movement of the node prevents the angle of the antenna to constantly match. Therefore, data communication through the wireless mesh networks is required to provide direct communication between mobile MSAPs. Accordingly, mutual authentication and data encryption mechanisms are required to provide reliable data transmission in this environment. To provide efficient mutual authentication between MSAP devices, the process of verifying a certificate of the other MSAP device through its own authentication server is required. This paper proposes mutual authentication mechanisms where the MSAP requiring authentication and the MSAP that permits it initiates low-cost and efficient authentication in a distributed way. More specifically, we propose a method of applying EAP-ELS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security) in the next-generation TICN.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.24-29
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• 2004

In this paper, we summarize the results of free drop wind tunnel test, separation analysis and flight test in order to verify the safety during the separations of an external fuel tank and the LAU-131 rocket launcher from XKO-l. The wind tunnel test was conducted to show the safety in free drop of the stores and to gather the trajectory data for fine tune of MSAP(Multi-body Separation Analysis Program). The enhanced MSAP was then used to predict the trajectories of the stores with and without the ejector forces. A correlation of MSAP results for free drop case was also made to show the safety of jettison with the free drop type bomb rack. Moreover, the flight test was conducted. and its results were compared to analysis results. Finally, the safe jettison boundary was determined from the flight test.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.264-273
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• 2023

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap, and yet is less commonly utilized than other free flaps in microvascular reconstructions of the head and neck. The aim is to conduct a high-quality Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA)- and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2)-compliant systematic review comparing the use of the MSAP flap to other microvascular free flaps in the head and neck. Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify all original comparative studies comparing patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction with an MSAP flap to the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) or anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap from inception to February 2021. Outcome studied were the recipient-site and donor-site morbidities as well as speech and swallow function. A total of 473 articles were identified from title and abstract review. Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the RFFF and the ALT flaps, the MSAP flap had more recipient-site complications (6.0 vs 10.4%) but less donor-site complications (20.2 vs 7.8%). The MSAP flap demonstrated better overall donor-site appearance and function than the RFFF and ALT flaps (p = 0.0006) but no statistical difference in speech and swallowing function following reconstruction (p = 0.28). Although higher quality studies reviewing the use of the MSAP flap to other free flaps are needed, the MSAP flap provides a viable and effective reconstructive option and should be strongly considered for reconstruction of head and neck defects.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.354-359
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• 2020

The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is a versatile fasciocutaneous flap that has been used successfully in the reconstruction of defects across the body. In specific cases, it may prove superior to more commonly used options (e.g., anterolateral thigh flap and radial forearm free flap). Historically, a disadvantage of the MSAP flap is the relatively small surface area it provides for reconstruction. We recently encountered a patient with extensive pelvic injuries from prior trauma resulting in significant scarring and contracture of the groin, tethering of the penis, and loss of the scrotum and one testicle. The patient was unable to achieve erection from tethering and his remaining testicle had been buried in the thigh. In considering the reconstructive options, he was not a suitable candidate for a thigh-based or forearm-based flap. An extended MSAP flap measuring 25 cm×10 cm was used for resurfacing of the groin and pelvis as well as for the formation of a neoscrotum. This report is the first to document an MSAP flap utilized for simultaneous groin resurfacing and scrotoplasty. Additionally, the dimensions of this flap make it the largest recorded MSAP flap to date.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2004

A successful store separation analysis tool, MSAP(Multi-body Separation Analysis Program) has been applied to F/A-18C/JDAM CFD Challenge Ⅱ. The challenge was devised to challenge CFD community to use CFD methodologies to predict and match the trajectory of a JDAM MK-84 separating from F/A-l8C. Trajectory simulations for two flight conditions were performed. Comparison between computed and measured flight trajectories for both conditions shows a good agreement.